Cyclic Pattern Research Articles

Analyzing the Impact of Montreal’s Réseau Express Vélo (REV) on Surrounding Bike Lanes’ Ridership and the COVID-19 Cycling Recovery

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Montreal implemented pro-cycling measures and enhanced its cycling infrastructure, notably by the introduction of the Réseau Express Vélo (REV), an extensive network of separated high-capacity bike lanes inaugurated in 2020. This paper delves into the pandemic’s impact on Montreal’s cycling network, with specific focus on the Berri/Lajeunesse/Saint-Denis REV route, evaluating its influence on the recovery of adjacent bike lanes and its effectiveness in attracting new cyclists. Using data from sensors installed along Montreal’s bike lanes between 2018 and 2023, our analysis reveals an initial average 28% decline in cycling volumes at the onset of the pandemic. However, from 2021 onwards, disparities began to emerge. While sensors on adjacent parallel bike routes to REV recorded further declines in ridership, those elsewhere in the city showed signs of cycling recovery, suggesting a shift in the cycling patterns towards the REV. Distinguishing between cyclists displaced from other parallel bike lanes and those representing a pent-up demand, our study indicates that the displaced cyclists accounted for 64% of the REV’s ridership at the southernmost sensors and only 7% at the northernmost sensors in 2023. These findings have significant policy implications, as cyclists comprised within the pent-up demand category correspond to those having transitioned from not using bike lanes to utilizing safer cycling infrastructure and account for the net growth in the cycling mode share directly attributable to the REV. Both of these observations are pivotal in fostering a shift away from cars and steering Montreal towards achieving its cycling mode share goal of 15% by 2027.

Shh Gene Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Dermal Papilla Cells to Affect Its Differential Expression in Secondary Hair Follicle Growth Cycle of Cashmere Goats.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, playing an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the repair of damaged organisms. To further clarify the expression pattern of Shh gene in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle of cashmere goats and its mechanism of action on secondary hair follicle papilla cells, and improve cashmere quality, in this study, we took Inner Mongolia Albas white cashmere goats as the research objects and collected skin samples at different growth stages to obtain secondary hair follicles, detected Shh and its gene expression by RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other techniques, while we also cultured DPCs in vitro. Shh gene overexpression and interference vectors were constructed, and the effects of Shh gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of DPCs were studied through cell transfection technology. The results showed that there are significant differences in Shh and its gene expression in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle skins of cashmere goats, with the highest expression level in anagen, followed by catagen, and the lowest expression level in telogen. Shh was mainly expressed in the inner root sheath, outer root sheath, and secondary hair follicle papilla. After the overexpression of Shh gene, the proliferation and vitality of the hair papilla cells were enhanced compared to the interference group. After Shh gene interference, the apoptosis rate of the cells increased, indicating that Shh gene can regulate downstream Ptch, Smo, and Gli2 gene expression to promote the proliferation of DPCs, and thus form its expression pattern in the secondary hair follicle growth cycle of cashmere goats.

Hippocampal network activity forecasts epileptic seizures.

Seizures in people with epilepsy were long thought to occur at random, but recent methods for seizure forecasting enable estimation of the likelihood of seizure occurrence over short horizons. These methods rely on days-long cyclical patterns of brain electrical activity and other physiological variables that determine seizure likelihood and that require measurement through long-term, multimodal recordings. In this retrospective cohort study of 15 adults with bitemporal epilepsy who had a device that provides chronic intracranial recordings, functional connectivity of hippocampal networks fluctuated in multiday cycles with patterns that mirrored cycles of seizure likelihood. A functional connectivity biomarker of seizure likelihood derived from 90-s recordings of background hippocampal activity generalized across individuals and forecasted 24-h seizure likelihood as accurately as cycle-based models requiring months-long baseline recordings. Larger, prospective studies are needed to validate this approach, but our results have the potential to make reliable seizure forecasts accessible to more people with epilepsy.

Critical dynamics and interictal epileptiform discharge: a comparative analysis with respect to tracking seizure risk cycles.

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Accurate prediction of seizure occurrence has long been a clinical goal since this would allow to optimize patient treatment, prevent injuries due to seizures, and alleviate the patient burden of unpredictability. Advances in implantable electroencephalographic (EEG) devices, allowing for long-term interictal EEG recordings, have facilitated major progress in this field. Recently, it has been discovered that interictal brain activity demonstrates circadian and multi-dien cycles that are strongly aligned, or phase locked, with seizure risk. Thus, cyclical brain activity patterns have been used to forecast seizures. However, in the effort to develop a clinically useful EEG based seizure forecasting system, challenges remain. Firstly, multiple EEG features demonstrate cyclical patterns, but it remains unclear which feature is best suited for predicting seizures. Secondly, the technology for long-term EEG recording is currently limited in both spatial and temporal sampling resolution. In this study, we compare five established EEG metrics:synchrony, spatial correlation, temporal correlation, signal variance which have been motivated from critical dynamics theory, and interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) which are a traditional marker of seizure propensity. We assess their effectiveness in detecting 24-h and seizure cycles as well as their robustness under spatial and temporal subsampling. Analyzing intracranial EEG data from 23 patients, we report that all examined features exhibit 24-h cycles. Spatial correlation, signal variance, and synchrony showed the highest phase locking with seizures, while IED rates were the lowest. Notably, spatial and temporal correlation were also found to be highly correlated to each other, as were signal variance and IED-suggesting some features may reflect similar aspects of cortical dynamics, whereas others provide complementary information. All features proved robust under subsampling, indicating that the dynamic properties of interictal activity evolve slowly and are not confined to specific brain regions. Our results may aid future translational research by assisting in design and testing of EEG based seizure forecasting systems.

Meta-omics analysis reveals the marine arsenic cycle driven by bacteria

Arsenic is a toxic element widely distributed in the Earth's crust and ranked as a class I human carcinogen. Microbial metabolism makes significant contributions to arsenic detoxification, migration and transformation. Nowadays, research on arsenic is primarily in areas affected by arsenic pollution associated with human health activities. However, the biogeochemical traits of arsenic in the global marine ecosystem remain to be explicated. In this study, we revealed that seawater environments were primarily governed by the process of arsenate reduction to arsenite, while arsenite methylation was predominant in marine sediments which may serve as significant sources of arsenic emission into the atmosphere. Significant disparities existed in the distribution patterns of the arsenic cycle between surface and deep seawaters at middle and low latitudes, whereas these situations tend to be similar in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. Significant variations were also observed in the taxonomic diversity and core microbial community of arsenic cycling across different marine environments. Specifically, γ-proteobacteria played a pivotal role in the arsenic cycle in the whole marine environment. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and phosphate were the crucial factors that related to these differentiations in seawater environments. Overall, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the marine arsenic cycle.

Seasonal and trend variation of methane concentration over two provinces of South Africa using Sentinel-5p data

South Africa faces the urgency to comprehensively understand and manage its methane (CH4) emissions. The primary aim of this study is to compare CH4 concentrations between Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga regions dominated by cattle farming and coal mining industries, respectively. CH4 concentration trends were analyzed for the period 2019 to 2023 using satellite data. Trend analysis revealed significant increasing trends in CH4 concentrations in both provinces, supported by Mann–Kendall tests that rejected the null hypothesis of no trend (Eastern Cape: p-value = 8.9018e−08 and Mpumalanga: p-value = 2.4650e−10). The Eastern Cape, a leading cattle farming province, exhibited cyclical patterns and increasing CH4 concentrations, while Mpumalanga, a major coal mining province, displayed similar increasing trends with sharper concentration points. The results show seasonal variations in CH4 concentrations in the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga provinces. High CH4 concentrations are observed in the northwestern region during the December-January–February (DJF) season, while lower concentrations are observed in the March–April-May (MAM) and June-July–August (JJA) seasons in the Eastern Cape province. In the Mpumalanga province, there is a dominance of high CH4 concentrations in southwestern regions and moderately low concentrations in the northeastern regions, observed consistently across all seasons. The study also showed an increasing CH4 concentration trend from 2019 to 2023 for both provinces. The study highlights the urgent need to address CH4 emissions from both cattle farming and coal mining activities to mitigate environmental impacts and promote sustainable development. Utilizing geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technologies, policymakers and stakeholders can identify and address the sources of CH4 emissions more effectively, thereby contributing to environmental conservation and sustainable resource management.

Dynamics of Noctiluca scintillans blooms: A 20-year study in Jangmok Bay, Korea

This 20-year study (2001–2020) conducted in Jangmok Bay, Korea, assessed the intricate relationships between environmental factors and Noctiluca scintillans blooms. Granger causality tests and PCA analysis were used to assess the impact of sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, wind patterns, rainfall, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration on bloom dynamics. The results revealed significant, albeit delayed, influences of these variables on bloom occurrence, with SST exhibiting a notable 2-month lag and salinity a 1-month lag in their impact. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the significant roles of phosphate, ammonium, and silicate, which influenced N. scintillans blooms with lags of 1 to 3 months. The PCA demonstrates how SST and wind speed during spring and summer, along with wind direction and salinity in winter, significantly impact N. scintillans blooms. We noted not only an increase in large-scale N. scintillans blooms but also a cyclical pattern of occurrence every 3 years. These findings underscore the synergistic effects of environmental factors, highlighting the complex interplay between SST, salinity, DO concentration, and weather conditions to influence bloom patterns. This research enhances our understanding of harmful algal blooms (HABs), emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers multiple interconnected environmental variables for predicting and managing N. scintillans blooms.

Exploring the Dynamic Capabilities Pattern in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs): A Phenomenological Study of MSME stagnancy in Indonesia

The objective of this research is to explore the Dynamic Capability Pattern, furthermore to observe how motivational and sociological factors impact the occurrence of stagnancy of MSMEs in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach – A qualitative approach is applied with Open Questions Interviews towards 10 (ten) MSME actors in Indonesia who represent a range of industries including food and beverage, fashion retail, and the chemical raw materials sector The findings of this study underscore several key points: SMEs consistently exhibit dynamic capabilities, particularly in the stages of sensing and seizing opportunities, however they frequently encounter challenges when striving to advance to a transformational stage. Continuous engagement in sensing and seizing cycles is crucial for MSMEs to prosper and progress to the next level of development. However, underdeveloped SMEs encounter challenges in re-engaging these cycles effectively. Mentorship from experienced communities or business groups can enhance SMEs' willingness and ability to pursue further development. Motivational and sociological factors play a significant role in influencing dynamic capabilities within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Research Limitations - As a qualitative study, this research used a limited sample of participants from the Food & Beverage, and Fashion retail sectors to acquire insights. Therefore, it is highly recommended that future research be conducted on a larger scale, involving a more diverse range of participants from various business sectors, to validate the cyclical patterns and factors influencing the Dynamic Capabilities of MSMEs in Indonesia. To the best of the author's understanding and knowledge, employing a qualitative approach in this research marks an early effort to thoroughly comprehend the consistency of Dynamic Capability Pattern, motivational and sociological forces that shape the decisions of MSMEs regarding their potential transformation.

Herd-level true seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and paratuberculosis in the goat population of Poland

A large-scale study was carried out in the Polish goat population in 2014–2021 to determine the herd-level true seroprevalence (HTP) of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) and paratuberculosis (PTB) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Two-stage cluster sampling was applied to herds counting at least 20 adult goats (aged >1 year) and in each herd all males and 10–13 females were tested. At least one seropositive goat regardless of its sex was necessary to consider the herd as infected. HTP was estimated using the Bayesian approach with the Gibbs sampler in the EpiTools and reported as the median and 95 % credibility interval (95 % CrI). A total of 1282 adult goats from 86 herds were serologically tested using two commercial ELISAs (Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA). At least 1 seropositive result of Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA was obtained in 73/86 herds (84.9 %) and 40/86 herds (46.5 %), respectively. HTP of CLA was estimated at 73.3 % (95 % CrI: 65.0 %, 80.4 %) and HTP of PTB was estimated at 42.9 % (95 % CrI: 25.8 %, 58.0 %). There was a significant positive association between the occurrence of CLA and PTB in the herds (odds ratio 6.0, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2, 28.8; p = 0.010). Probability of the seropositive result for PTB was also significantly higher in Cp-seropositive goats than in Cp-seronegative goats (odds ratio 3.9, 95 % confidence interval: 2.4, 6.3; p < 0.001) which could indicate either a higher risk of co-infection or a higher rate of false positive results for PTB in Cp-positive goats. To investigate this issue, optical densities obtained in Map-ELISA were compared between Cp-positive and Cp-negative goats and results of Map-ELISA were adjusted accordingly. Map-negative sera from Cp-positive goats turned out to have significantly higher optical densities than Map-negative sera from Cp-negative goats (p < 0.001). After the adjustment, the herd-level apparent seroprevalence of PTB was 41.9 % (36/86 herds) so it still fell within the 95 % CrI of HTP of PTB calculated before the adjustment. Concluding, CLA appears to be widespread in the Polish goat population. In many of them it may be subclinical at the moment, however will likely emerge in the future as the disease follows cyclic pattern in Poland. On the other hand, given the total lack of clinical PTB in Polish goats, an explanation for a high HTP of PTB remains unclear and warrants further studies using tests of higher analytical specificity than ELISA.

Hard Ticks as Vectors: The Emerging Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in India.

Hard ticks (Ixodidae) play a critical role in transmitting various tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant global threats to human and animal health. Climatic factors influence the abundance, diversity, and vectorial capacity of tick vectors. It is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of hard ticks, pathogens, eco-epidemiology, and the impact of climatic changes on the transmission dynamics of TBDs. The distribution and life cycle patterns of hard ticks are influenced by diverse ecological factors that, in turn, can be impacted by changes in climate, leading to the expansion of the tick vector's range and geographical distribution. Vector competence, a pivotal aspect of vectorial capacity, involves the tick's ability to acquire, maintain, and transmit pathogens. Hard ticks, by efficiently feeding on diverse hosts and manipulating their immunity through their saliva, emerge as competent vectors for various pathogens, such as viruses, parasites and bacteria. This ability significantly influences the success of pathogen transmission. Further exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and hybrid tick vectors is crucial, as they play a substantial role in influencing vector competence and complicating the dynamics of TBDs. This comprehensive review deals with important TBDs in India and delves into a profound understanding of hard ticks as vectors, their biology, and the factors influencing their vector competence. Given that TBDs continue to pose a substantial threat to global health, the review emphasizes the urgency of investigating tick control strategies and advancing vaccine development. Special attention is given to the pivotal role of population genetics in comprehending the genetic diversity of tick populations and providing essential insights into their adaptability to environmental changes.

New insights into the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Malay Basin using 3D seismic data: Implications for regional carbon capture and storage potential

AbstractThe Malay Basin is a mature hydrocarbon province currently being re‐assessed for CO2 storage. Selecting an appropriate storage site requires a comprehensive understanding of the structural and stratigraphic history of the basin. However, previous studies have been limited to observations from either regional 2D seismic lines or individual 3D seismic volumes. In this study, we access and utilise a basin‐wide (ca. 36,000 km2) 3D seismic and well database to describe the structural and stratigraphic features of the basin, particularly those within the uppermost ca. 4 km (Oligocene to Recent) and gain new insights into the basin's evolution. E–W transtensional rift basins first developed due to sinistral shear across an NW‐SE strike‐slip zone. The NW‐SE basin morphology seen today was generated during the late Oligocene–early Miocene, during which time dextral motion across marginal hinge zones created en‐echelon antithetic, extensional faults and pull‐apart basins, especially well preserved along the western margin of the basin. Collisional forces to the southeast during the early to middle Miocene resulted in the shallowing of the basin, intermittent connection to the South China Sea and a cyclic depositional pattern. Around 8 Ma (late Miocene), a significant uplift of the basin resulted in a major unconformity with up to 4.2 km of erosion and exhumation in the southeast. In the centre and northwest of the basin, the inversion of deeper E–W rifts resulted in the folding of Miocene sequences and the formation of large anticlines parallel to the rift‐bounding faults. The Pliocene to Pleistocene history is more tectonically quiescent, but some extensional faulting continued to affect the northwest part of the basin. Larger glacio‐eustatic sea‐level fluctuations during this time resulted in major changes in sedimentation and erosion on the Sunda Shelf, including the formation of a middle‐Pliocene unconformity. These structural events have created a variety of hydrocarbon traps across the basin of different ages, including transpressional anticlines, rollover anticlines and tilted fault blocks. Each of these has discrete and distinct trap elements with important implications for their CO2 storage potential.

Modeling the HIV Cascade of Care Using Routinely Collected Clinical Data to Guide Programmatic Interventions and Policy Decisions.

The HIV care cascade is a framework to examine effectiveness of HIV programs and progress toward global targets to end the epidemic but has been conceptualized as a unidirectional process that ignores cyclical care patterns. We present a dynamic cascade that accounts for patient "churn" and apply novel analytic techniques to readily available clinical data to robustly estimate program outcomes and efficiently assess progress toward global targets. Data were assessed for 35,649 people living with HIV and receiving care at 78 clinics in East Africa between 2014 and 2020. Patients were aged ≥15 years and had ≥1 viral load measurements. We used multi-state models to estimate the probability of being in 1 of 5 states of a dynamic HIV cascade: (1) in HIV care but not on antiretroviral therapy (ART), (2) on ART, (3) virally suppressed, (4) in a gap-in-care, and (5) deceased and compared these among subgroups. To assess progress toward global targets, we summed those probabilities across patients and generated population-level proportions of patients on ART and virally suppressed in mid-2020. One year after enrollment, 2.8% of patients had not initiated ART, 86.7% were receiving ART, 57.4% were virally suppressed, 10.2% were disengaged from care, and 0.3% had died. At 5 years, the proportion on ART remained steady but viral suppression increased to 77.2%. Of those aged 15-25, >20% had disengaged from care and <60% were virally suppressed. In mid-2020, 90.1% of the cohort was on ART, 90.7% of whom had suppressed virus. Novel analytic approaches can characterize patient movement through a dynamic HIV cascade and, importantly, by capitalizing on readily available data from clinical cohorts, offer an efficient approach to estimate population-level proportions of patients on ART and virally suppressed. Significant progress toward global targets was observed in our cohort but challenges remain among younger patients.

Analysis of Thermal and Dielectric Loss Features of Lunar Regolith Considering Real‐Time Effect Solar Irradiance

AbstractSolar irradiance received at the lunar surface is crucial for interpreting brightness temperatures detected by orbiters and for understanding the thermal, physical, and dielectric properties of the lunar regolith. We developed a real‐time effect solar irradiance (ESI) model that accounts for the influence of surface relief and terrain shading. This model was integrated with a standard thermal model to examine ESI fluctuations and their impacts on the diurnal physical temperature variations. To assess the effects of spatial resolution, we selected four locations with significant ESI disparities for simulation, then compared lunar surface temperatures at various spatial scales, ranging from 20 m to 25 km. Utilizing brightness temperature data obtained from the Chang'E‐2 (CE‐2) microwave radiometer (MRM), we integrated the shallow physical temperature profiles with the radiative transfer equation to simulate brightness temperatures and determine dielectric loss at different frequencies. In the Von Kármán crater, the received ESI exhibits a cyclical pattern of approximately 18 years and areas with rugged topography may exhibit larger ESI variations (∼7%). We found that the spatial resolution of ESI has a minimal effect on the physical and brightness temperatures at resolutions of 10 km or coarser. At the shallow layer, the average dielectric loss values are 0.0128–0.0170, 0.0083–0.0110, 0.0055–0.0073, and 0.0061–0.0081 for the CE‐2 frequencies of 3, 7.8, 19.35, and 37 GHz, respectively. The integration of real‐time ESI modeling, thermal dynamics, radiative transfer equations, and observational data enhances our comprehension of the physical temperature profile and thermal characteristics of shallow regolith.

Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Patterns of Reproductive-age Women: A Multi-centric Observational Study.

The study was conducted to know the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual cycle patterns and pre- and post-menstrual symptoms in women aged 18-45 years. COVID-19 vaccination was introduced to combat the dreadful impacts of human coronavirus infection. The two indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in India are COVISHIELD and COVAXIN. To investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle, pre- and post-menstrual symptoms and to establish the correlation with the type of vaccine received. Multi-centric observational study conducted in six institutes of national importance in different states of India over one year. A total of 5709 female participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data about the impact of vaccines (COVISHIELD and COVAXIN) and prior COVID-19 infection on the menstrual cycle and its associated symptoms were obtained using all participants' online and offline interviews. Of 5709 participants, 78.2% received COVISHIELD and 21.8% COVAXIN. Of the total 5709 participants, 333 (5.8%) developed post-vaccination menstrual disturbances, with 32.7% having frequent cycles, 63.7% prolonged cycles, and 3.6% inter-menstrual bleeding. A total of 301 participants noticed changes in the amount of bleeding, with 50.2% excessive, 48.8% scanty, and 0.99% amenorrhea followed by heavy bleeding. Furthermore, the irregularities of the menstrual cycle (p = 0.011) and length (0.001) were significantly higher in the COVAXIN group (7.2%) as compared to the COVISHIELD (5.3%) group. A total of 721 participants complained of newly developed/worsening pre- and post-menstrual symptoms. These symptoms were significantly higher in the COVISHIELD group (p = 0.031), with generalized weakness and body pains as the main complaints (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of COVID-19 infection with these vaccines. No significant associations were observed when comparing menstrual abnormalities among those with COVID-19 infection (p > 0.05). COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines were associated with menstrual cycle disturbances and pre-and post-menstrual symptoms in a small proportion of participants, with 94.7% having no change in the amount of bleeding during menstruation post-vaccination. The menstrual irregularities observed were significantly higher with the COVAXIN vaccine. Others: Further, long-term studies are required to confirm that the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle may be short-lasting, with no severe effects on women's menstrual health.

Evaluating the Societal Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: Heat-Related Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Vulnerable Populations

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant threat to mental health, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. This study investigates the impact of climate change-induced heat on mental health outcomes, focusing on stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, qualitative interviews provided in-depth insights into the lived experiences of individuals coping with heat-related stress. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between rising temperatures and increased instances of anxiety and depression, with marginalized communities, such as the elderly, low-income individuals, and those with pre-existing health conditions, exhibiting heightened vulnerability. The physiological strain of heat, compounded by socioeconomic and environmental factors, exacerbates mental health issues, leading to a cyclical pattern of distress. The study highlights the necessity for targeted public health interventions, emphasizing the development of adaptive strategies to mitigate the mental health impacts of heat. Furthermore, integrating mental health support into climate adaptation strategies is crucial for building resilience and ensuring that vulnerable populations receive the necessary resources to manage both the psychological and physical impacts of heatwaves By addressing the intersection of environmental and mental health crises, we advocate for comprehensive support systems to enhance resilience in vulnerable populations. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the far-reaching effects of climate change, advocating for proactive measures to safeguard mental well-being in an era of escalating environmental challenges.

К вопросу о междисциплинарном изучении традиционного черкесского празднества Созереш

The article discusses issues related to the interdisciplinary study of the traditional Circassian winter holiday Sozeresh. The main historiographical versions and information are given, which describe the plot and compositional features of the rite. Attention is paid to its ideological components, where traditional ideas about the world order, its patterns, and cycles are transmitted through certain sequences of traditional actions and through a system of a number of cultural symbols. The question is raised about the need for further cultural and special ethnographic analysis of the functional aspects of the festival. For the first time, a philosophical and cultural understanding of the Sozeresh holiday is proposed, its vision as one of the most important components of the specific socio-cultural self-organization of traditional Circassian society. The author&amp;#x27;s vision of the essence of the main artifact of the ritual - the “fetish of Sozeresh” as a symbol of fertility and orderliness of the world is substantiated, and the fact of the gradual re-actualization of the archaic festive culture is shown. It is determined that the mytho-epic image of Sozeresh is inextricably linked with the cyclical pattern characteristic of the archaic worldview.

Reakcje foraminiferałów na zmiany poziomu morza na granicy środkowego karbonu w środkowych Taurydach (Turcja)

The response of benthic foraminiferal assemblages to relative sea-level changes during the mid-Carboniferous succession of the Yarıcak Formation in the Central Taurides is assessed with respect to sedimentary cyclicity and sequence stratigraphy by quantitative analysis. The data derived from the relative abundances of foraminifera have critical significance in the understanding of cyclic patterns and sea level changes in carbonate deposits. Calcareous foraminiferal groups including archaediscids, eostaffellids, irregularly coiled bilocular forms, unilocular forms, paleotextularids, biseriamminids, endothyrids, and pseudoendothyrids have been counted and analysed in this study. The mid-Carboniferous boundary succession predominantly covering uniform lithology of carbonates alternated with sandstone layers involves shallowing upward cycles used for the revealing of sea-level fluctuations. The relative abundances of these foraminiferal groups reveal a striking response to cyclicity with the reductions in the abundances towards the upper part of the cycles. Conversely, the abundances of pseudoendothyrids and endothyrids do not exhibit any considerable variations within the studied interval.

New perspectives on South Atlantic storm track through an automatic method for detecting extratropical cyclones' lifecycle

AbstractThis study introduces new insights into the climatology of South Atlantic (SAt) cyclones by employing a novel cyclone life cycle detection method, the CycloPhaser. Utilizing the minimum relative vorticity series and its derivative at the cyclone centre, the program effectively identifies distinct phases in the cyclone life cycle. Cyclone tracks are obtained through the analysis of relative vorticity at 850 hPa, using the ERA5 dataset. The study identified six main cyclone life cycle patterns from the analysis of 28,458 systems. The predominant cyclone type, accounting for approximately 60% of the analysed systems, exhibited a four‐phase configuration: incipient, intensification, mature and decay. Detailed statistics for each developmental phase and the overall life cycle are presented, offering valuable comparisons and new insights while corroborating previous research findings. Key genesis regions in the SAt are identified, along with track density maps that reveal distinct preferences in cyclone developmental cycle. The main outcome of this study is the demonstration that the automated classification procedure enables the analysis of cyclones' life cycles to be conducted promptly and with low computing costs, facilitating the comprehensive study of cyclone behaviour with high efficiency.

Did COVID‐19 induce a reallocation wave?

AbstractWe critically examine the hypothesis that COVID‐19 has ushered in a large reallocation shock in the USA, beyond typical business cycle patterns. We take a broad perspective, and first consider data from the CPS and JOLTS; there is no noticeable uptick in occupation or sector switches, either at the aggregate level or in the cross‐section. The dispersion of sectoral growth rates over the three years before the pandemic was similar to the previous period. The recovery from the initial shock was characterized by very high quits and low layoffs, patterns indicative of a strong labour market, not excessively high reallocation relative to previous business cycles. High growth of small employers in the recovery, and larger ones once the labour market tightened, is also a common cyclical pattern. We then examine whether mismatch unemployment rose as a result of the pandemic; using an off‐the‐shelf multisector search and matching model, there is little evidence for an important role for mismatch in driving the unemployment rate during the pandemic. Finally, we employ a novel Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregression framework with sign restrictions to identify a reallocation shock; we find that it has played a relatively minor role in explaining labour market patterns in the pandemic, at least relative to earlier episodes.

Long-term dynamics of organic matter inputs in sediments of Lake Balkhash, arid Central Asia: Coupled climate and anthropogenic influences

Lake sediments as reservoirs of organic matter (OM) play crucial roles in the carbon burial and carbon cycle on the regional and global scales. However, the long-term history and patterns of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) inputs from various sources and its response to multiple drivers are not well constrained. Here, we demonstrated variations in the source and composition of SOM and the potential regulating factors using the multi-biomarker (n-alkanes, fatty acids, and alcohols) signatures in a core span the last ∼ 250 years from Lake Balkhash. The highest Paq (proportions of aquatic macrophytes) and relatively low short-chain lipid contents in sediments before 1860 CE indicate the dominant OM inputs from aquatic macrophytes and minor inputs from microalgae. This can be attributed to the humid conditions during the late Little Ice Age (LIA). The decreased Paq and the highest CPIH (carbon preference index for high molecular weight) in sediments deposited in 1860 ∼ 1930 CE revealed considerably elevated OM inputs from emergent plants coeval with declined aquatic macrophytes contributions. This pattern of OM inputs was likely caused by large variables of water levels during the climate transition period, promoting the growth of emergent plants and inhibited aquatic macrophytes. In sediments from 1930 ∼ 2016 CE, much higher terrestrial OM inputs and prevailing microalgal OM inputs were reflected by the highest principal components of each source, whereas the lowest Paq indicates minimal OM inputs from aquatic macrophytes. These changes were probably caused by intensification of anthropogenic perturbations, e.g., land reclamation, promoting more terrestrial OM and nutrients transported into the lake. These findings suggested that SOM inputs are highly linked to lake environmental changes and can be profoundly influenced by climate variability and anthropogenic activities, which provides insights into patterns of carbon burial and carbon cycle in lake-catchment systems in arid regions.