Cyclic Factor Research Articles

Discrete symmetries, roots of unity, and lepton mixing

We investigate the possibility that the first column of the lepton mixing matrix U is given by . In a purely group-theoretical approach, based on residual symmetries in the charged-lepton and neutrino sectors and on a theorem on vanishing sums of roots of unity, we discuss the finite groups which can enforce this. Assuming that there is only one residual symmetry in the Majorana neutrino mass matrix, we find the almost unique solution where the cyclic factor with q = 1, 2, 3, … is irrelevant for obtaining u1 in U. Our discussion also provides a natural mechanism for achieving this goal. Finally, barring vacuum alignment, we realize this mechanism in a class of renormalizable models.

Experimental Study on the Cyclic Ampacity and Its Factor of 10 kV XLPE Cable

The load varies periodically, but the peak current of power cable is controlled by its continuous ampacity in China, resulting in the highest conductor temperature is much lower than90℃, the permitted long-term working temperature of XLPE. If the cable load is controlled by its cyclic ampacity, the cable transmission capacity could be used sufficiently. To study the 10 kV XLPE cable cyclic ampacity and its factor, a three-core cable cyclic ampacity calculation software is developed and the cyclic ampacity experiments of direct buried cable are undertaken in this paper. Experiments and research shows that the software calculation is correct and the circuit numbers and daily load factor have an important impact on the cyclic ampacity factor. The cyclic ampacity factor of 0.7 daily load factor is 1.20, which means the peak current is the 1.2 times of continuous ampacity. If the continuous ampacity is instead by the cyclic ampacity to control the cable load, the transmission capacity of the cable can be improved greatly without additional investment.

Transient and Steady State Regimes of Fatigue Crack Growth in High Strength Steel

This paper analyzes the propagation of fatigue cracks in pearlitic steel in two forms, hot rolled bar and cold drawn wire. The experimental procedure consisted of fatigue tests on bars under tensile loading, using steps with decreasing amplitude of stress and constant stress range during each step. The curves plotting cyclic crack growth rate versus stress intensity factor range show a main steady-state regime preceded by transient paths. The steady-state regime is associated with the curves of the Paris regime. The cold drawing process improves the fatigue behaviour of steel by retarding the cyclic crack growth rate, and the propagation rate is not dependent on theR-ratio. The transient branches allow one to calculate the plastic zone size, considering that they are a consequence of the overload retardation effect at each step change, and a unique expression is fitted as a function ofKmaxΔKproduct and of the conventional mechanical properties.

Factor-Graph-Based Soft-Input Soft-Output Detection for Frequency-Selective MIMO Channels

In this letter we consider a MIMO communication system with iterative detection over a frequency-selective MIMO channel. We present a soft-input soft-output MIMO detector based on a cyclic factor graph representation and the sum-product algorithm with two different message schedules (serial and parallel). Computer simulations show that both schedules provide near-optimum performance in terms of bit error rate, while achieving a remarkable reduction in complexity compared to the optimal MAP detector.

Su1603 Cyclic AMP-Gaunine Exchange Factor Dependent Attenuation of Fatty Acid Induced Apoptosis in Rat Hepatocytes

Su1603 Cyclic AMP-Gaunine Exchange Factor Dependent Attenuation of Fatty Acid Induced Apoptosis in Rat Hepatocytes

On the subgroup index problem in finite groups

We address the subgroup index problem in a given finite subgroup lattice L = l(G) which is P-indecomposable and determine out of the structure of L the existence in G of a subgroup \(\tilde D\) invariant for all automorphisms of L, with a cyclic complement R in G and where for any pair X ≤ Y of subgroups of \(\tilde D\) the index |Y: X| can be computed using only structural properties of L. As a consequence, we show that in such an L all the terms of the Fitting series of G can be determined, as well as an upper bound of the order of G can be computed out of L as long as G has no cyclic Hall direct factor.

Chotosan (Diaoteng San)-induced improvement of cognitive deficits in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) involves the amelioration of angiogenic/neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity systems in the brain

BackgroundChotosan (CTS, Diaoteng San), a Kampo medicine (ie Chinese medicine) formula, is reportedly effective in the treatment of patients with cerebral ischemic insults. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CTS in cognitive deficits and investigates the effects and molecular mechanism(s) of CTS on learning and memory deficits and emotional abnormality in an animal aging model, namely 20-week-old senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8), with and without a transient ischemic insult (T2VO).MethodsAge-matched senescence-resistant inbred strain mice (SAMR1) were used as control. SAMP8 received T2VO (T2VO-SAMP8) or sham operation (sham-SAMP8) at day 0. These SAMP8 groups were administered CTS (750 mg/kg, p.o.) or water daily for three weeks from day 3.ResultsCompared with the control group, both sham-SAMP8 and T2VO-SAMP8 groups exhibited cognitive deficits in the object discrimination and water maze tests and emotional abnormality in the elevated plus maze test. T2VO significantly exacerbated spatial cognitive deficits of SAMP8 elucidated by the water maze test. CTS administration ameliorated the cognitive deficits and emotional abnormality of sham- and T2VO-SAMP8 groups. Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies revealed a marked decrease in the levels of phosphorylated forms of neuroplasticity-related proteins, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the frontal cortices of sham-SAMP8 and T2VO-SAMP8. Moreover, these animal groups showed significantly reduced levels of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα). CTS treatment reversed the expression levels of these factors down-regulated in the brains of sham- and T2VO-SAMP8.ConclusionRecovery of impaired neuroplasticity system and VEGF/PDGF systems may play a role in the ameliorative effects of CTS on cognitive dysfunction caused by aging and ischemic insult.

Analytical fragility curves for typical Algerian reinforced concrete bridge piers

This paper illustrates the results of a seismic vulnerability study aimed to derive the fragility curves for typical Algerian reinforced concrete bridge piers using an analytical approach. Fragility curves express the probability of exceeding a certain damage state for a given ground motion intensity (e.g., PGA). In this respect, a set of 41 worldwide accelerometer records from which, 21 Algerian strong motion records are included, have been used in a non-linear dynamic response analyses to assess the damage indices expressed in terms of the bridge displacement ductility, the ultimate ductility, the cyclic loading factor and the cumulative energy ductility. Combining the damage indices defined for 5 damage rank with the ground motion indices, the fragility curves for the bridge piers were derived assuming a lognormal distribution.

Clinical Images: Bone sarcoidosis mimicking multiple metastases

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Zeta functions, heat kernels, and spectral asymptotics on degenerating families of discrete tori

AbstractBy a discrete torus we mean the Cayley graph associated to a finite product of finite cycle groups with the generating set given by choosing a generator for each cyclic factor. In this article we examine the spectral theory of the combinatorial Laplacian for sequences of discrete tori when the orders of the cyclic factors tend to infinity at comparable rates. First, we show that the sequence of heat kernels corresponding to the degenerating family converges, after rescaling, to the heat kernel on an associated real torus. We then establish an asymptotic expansion, in the degeneration parameter, of the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian. The zeta-regularized determinant of the Laplacian of the limiting real torus appears as the constant term in this expansion. On the other hand, using a classical theorem by Kirchhoff, the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian of a finite graph divided by the number of vertices equals the number of spanning trees, called the complexity, of the graph. As a result, we establish a precise connection between the complexity of the Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups and heights of real tori. It is also known that spectral determinants on discrete tori can be expressed using trigonometric functions and that spectral determinants on real tori can be expressed using modular forms on general linear groups. Another interpretation of our analysis is thus to establish a link between limiting values of certain products of trigonometric functions and modular forms. The heat kernel analysis which we employ uses a careful study of I-Bessel functions. Our methods extend to prove the asymptotic behavior of other spectral invariants through degeneration, such as special values of spectral zeta functions and Epstein-Hurwitz–type zeta functions.

Zeta functions, heat kernels, and spectral asymptotics on degenerating families of discrete tori

AbstractBy a discrete torus we mean the Cayley graph associated to a finite product of finite cycle groups with the generating set given by choosing a generator for each cyclic factor. In this article we examine the spectral theory of the combinatorial Laplacian for sequences of discrete tori when the orders of the cyclic factors tend to infinity at comparable rates. First, we show that the sequence of heat kernels corresponding to the degenerating family converges, after rescaling, to the heat kernel on an associated real torus. We then establish an asymptotic expansion, in the degeneration parameter, of the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian. The zeta-regularized determinant of the Laplacian of the limiting real torus appears as the constant term in this expansion. On the other hand, using a classical theorem by Kirchhoff, the determinant of the combinatorial Laplacian of a finite graph divided by the number of vertices equals the number of spanning trees, called thecomplexity, of the graph. As a result, we establish a precise connection between the complexity of the Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups and heights of real tori. It is also known that spectral determinants on discrete tori can be expressed using trigonometric functions and that spectral determinants on real tori can be expressed using modular forms on general linear groups. Another interpretation of our analysis is thus to establish a link between limiting values of certain products of trigonometric functions and modular forms. The heat kernel analysis which we employ uses a careful study ofI-Bessel functions. Our methods extend to prove the asymptotic behavior of other spectral invariants through degeneration, such as special values of spectral zeta functions and Epstein-Hurwitz–type zeta functions.

Predicting Fatigue Initiation Life of Sn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu Solder using Endochronic Cyclic Damage-Coupled Viscoplastic Theory

AbstractThis paper studied cyclic behavior Sn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu solder with dendritic microstructure. A cyclic damage factor D under constant strain amplitude fatigue tests, was defined by using the reducing rate of maximum cyclic tensile stress σa. The critical cyclic damage DC and it's fatigue initiation life NI were determined very consistently by using separately the experimental σavs. N curves and the percolation theory. The endochronic cyclic damage-coupled viscoplastic theory proposed by the 1st author was used to simulate cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loops with damage under strain amplitude (εa) 0.8% at 298K. The results were in very good agreement with data. Combining the evolution equation of intrinsic damage and the computed cyclic stress-inelastic strain relation, a modified Coffin-Manson relationship was derived. By setting DC = 0.3, it predicted very effectively the NI data under σa from 0.2% to 1.0%.

The far carboxy-terminus of the viral encoded chemokine receptor US28 binds to the sorting protein GASP-1 in vitro

US28 is a chemokine receptor encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and seems to be crucial for viral propagation. It is a constitutively active receptor. For instance it was shown that US28 signals via Gq/PLC and activates the transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NFκB), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Hence, the receptor may play a key role in the early reprogramming of the host cells. Interestingly, US28 is constitutively phosphorylated and endocytosed. It has also been suggested that, during viral propagation, US28 is integrated into the viral envelope in the lysosomes of host cells. A candidate protein for sorting many G protein-coupled receptors to lysosomes is the G protein-coupled receptor-associated protein-1 (GASP-1). Here, we show that GASP-1 and the C-terminal part of GASP-1 (cGASP-1) interact with the far C-terminal end of US28 in vitro. We assessed this by using in vitro translated, [35S]methionine-radiolabelled GASP-1 and cGASP-1 and several different US28 C-terminal mutations and truncations in a GST pull-down assay.

Finite Heisenberg groups from non-Abelian orbifold quiver gauge theories

A large class of orbifold quiver gauge theories admits the action of finite Heisenberg groups of the form ∏ i Heis ( Z q i × Z q i ) . For an Abelian orbifold generated by Γ, the Z q i shift generator in each Heisenberg group is one cyclic factor of the Abelian group Γ. For general non-Abelian Γ, however, we find that the shift generators are the cyclic factors in the Abelianization of Γ. We explicitly show this for the case Γ = Δ ( 27 ) , where we construct the finite Heisenberg group symmetries of the field theory. These symmetries are dual to brane number operators counting branes on homological torsion cycles. These brane number operators therefore do not commute. We compare our field theory results with string theory states and find perfect agreement.

P47 Comparative analysis of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor (IgM RF isotype) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients

P47 Comparative analysis of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor (IgM RF isotype) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients

Generalising the GHS Attack on the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem

AbstractThe Weil descent construction of the GHS attack on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) is generalised in this paper, to arbitrary Artin-Schreier extensions. A formula is given for the characteristic polynomial of Frobenius for the curves thus obtained, as well as a proof that the large cyclic factor of the input elliptic curve is not contained in the kernel of the composition of the conorm and norm maps. As an application, the number of elliptic curves that succumb to the basic GHS attack is considerably increased, thereby further weakening curves over GF2155.Other possible extensions or variations of the GHS attack are discussed, leading to the conclusion that they are unlikely to yield further improvements.

EFFICIENT QUANTUM ALGORITHMS FOR SOME INSTANCES OF THE NON-ABELIAN HIDDEN SUBGROUP PROBLEM

In this paper we show that certain special cases of the hidden subgroup problem can be solved in polynomial time by a quantum algorithm. These special cases involve finding hidden normal subgroups of solvable groups and permutation groups, finding hidden subgroups of groups with small commutator subgroup and of groups admitting an elementary Abelian normal 2-subgroup of small index or with cyclic factor group.

On the factors affecting the propagation of long fatigue cracks in thin-sheet wrought aluminium alloys

The paper deals with the propagation of long fatigue cracks in commercial heat-treatable thin-sheet wrought aluminium alloys with focus on the mid-region of the cyclic stress intensity factor. The experimental observations support the distinction of two groups of alloy conditions according to the degree of coherency of the strength-controlling precipitates. A model explaining the observations for the first group, which is characterized by predominantly incoherent precipitates, is proposed. These precipitates cannot be cut by dislocations and both a homogeneous slip distribution and a continuum-mechanics dominated crack path are favoured. The reasons why the alloys with a high degree of coherency of the strength-controlling precipitates deviate from the fatigue crack growth behaviour common of the representatives of the first group are analysed.

Detecting topology in a nearly flat spherical universe

When the density parameter is close to unity, the universe has a large curvature radius independent of its being hyperbolic or spherical, or in the limiting case of an infinite curvature radius, flat. Whatever the curvature, the universe may have either a simply connected or a multiply connected topology. In the flat case, the topology scale is arbitrary, and there is no a priori reason for this scale to be of the same order as the size of the observable universe. In the hyperbolic case, any nontrivial topology would almost surely be on a length scale too large to detect. In the spherical case, in contrast, the topology could easily occur on a detectable scale. The present paper shows how, in the spherical case, the assumption of a nearly flat universe simplifies the algorithms for detecting a multiply connected topology, but also reduces the amount of topology that can be seen. This is of primary importance for the upcoming cosmic microwave background data analysis.This paper shows that for spherical spaces one may restrict the search to diametrically opposite pairs of circles in the circles-in-the-sky method and still detect the cyclic factor in the standard factorization of the holonomy group. This vastly decreases the algorithm's run time. If the search is widened to include pairs of candidate circles whose centres are almost opposite and whose relative twist varies slightly, then the cyclic factor along with a cyclic subgroup of the general factor may also be detected. Unfortunately, the full holonomy group is, in general, unobservable in a nearly flat spherical universe, and so a full six-parameter search is unnecessary. Crystallographic methods could also potentially detect the cyclic factor and a cyclic subgroup of the general factor, but nothing else.

β-AR Recruits a Ras Activator

Pak et al. report that the COOH-terminal (Ser-X-Val or Leu) SkV motif of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 -AR) interacts with the cyclic nucleotide Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (CN-RasGEF) to stimulate Ras and to cause activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The receptor and GEF colocalize in transfected cells and cells in which the two proteins are endogenously coexpressed, They can also be coprecipitated and interact in glutathione S -transferase pull-down experiments. Futhermore, disruption of their interaction through expression of β 1 -ARs with mutations in the SkV motif block activation of Ras. Activation of Ras by the β 1 -AR requires the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain and the CDC25 domain of the CN-RasGEF and requires the activity of the Gα s subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, but not the activity of the Gβγ subunits. Thus, it appears that the β 1 -AR recruits the CN-RasGEF to the membrane where the Gα s stimulates local production of cAMP, allowing the CN-RasGEF to be activated and stimulate Ras. Y. Pak, N. Pham, D. Rotin, Direct binding of the β1adrenergic receptor to the cyclic AMP-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor CNrasGEF leads to Ras activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 , 7942-7952 (2002). [Abstract] [Full Text]