Cycle Variability Research Articles

Changes in Water-Use Efficiency of Eucalyptus Plantations and Its Driving Factors in a Small County in South China

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) has been central in revealing the variability in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. Short-rotation plantations such as Eucalyptus plantations can simultaneously impact net primary production (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ETa), components of WUE, resulting in changes in terrestrial carbon and water cycles. However, there are few detailed studies on the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the catchment scale with high spatial remote sensing imagery. Here, we present the changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations and its driving factors (i.e., NPP and ETa) using satellite-based models combined with 5-m spatial resolution RapidEye imagery in a small county in South China. The increases in ETa of Eucalyptus plantations are primarily the result of climate warming and result in low WUE of Eucalyptus plantations. The management practice used (short rotation in this study) can enhance the effect of climate warming on WUE by varying the NPP of Eucalyptus plantations. A high value of NPP leads to a high WUE of Eucalyptus plantations at the end of a short rotation, while a low value of NPP results in a low WUE at the beginning of another short rotation. Changes in the WUE of Eucalyptus plantations indicated large spatial and temporal variability, associated with climate warming and short-rotation practices.

Understanding non-equilibrium [formula omitted]/[formula omitted] chemistry in plasma-assisted low-temperature [formula omitted] oxidation

Ammonia represents one of most promising zero-carbon energy solutions to address the increasingly urgent climate change problem. However, the existing utilization of ammonia faces significant challenges from low chemical reactivity and high N2O/NOx emissions, which cause severe inefficiency issues such as cold start and cycle variability of power generation, and detrimental effects on air quality, respectively. A sustainable and energy-efficient approach to tackle the above challenges is low temperature plasma which enables non-equilibrium energy and chemical utilization of ammonia such as oxidation using renewable electricity. As such, this work, for the first time, explores plasma assisted ammonia oxidation at room temperature with a focus on unveiling non-equilibrium NOx/N2O reaction pathways by combining in-situ laser diagnostics with plasma modeling. We found that the non-equilibrium plasma controls the NOx formation by supplying O/H/N atoms via electron-impact dissociation and collisional quenching of excited species. The N2O formation follows a two-step mechanism, where electron-impact reactions first provide amine radicals which further react with NOx to generate N2O. These pathways facilitate a high-efficiency and environment-friendly operation of plasma assisted ammonia oxidation with enhanced reactivity and reduced NOx/N2O emissions through manipulating mixture compositions and plasma discharge parameters.

Microwave radiometer observations of the ozone diurnal cycle and its short-term variability over Switzerland

Abstract. In Switzerland, two ground-based ozone microwave radiometers are operated in the vicinity of each other (ca. 40 km): the GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer (GROMOS) in Bern (Institute of Applied Physics) and the Stratospheric Ozone MOnitoring RAdiometer (SOMORA) in Payerne (MeteoSwiss). Recently, their calibration and retrieval algorithms have been fully harmonized, and updated time series are now available since 2009. Using these harmonized ozone time series, we investigate and cross-validate the strato–mesospheric ozone diurnal cycle derived from the two instruments and compare it with various model-based datasets: the dedicated GEOS-GMI Diurnal Ozone Climatology (GDOC) based on the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) general circulation model, the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE) – a chemical transport model driven by ERA5 dynamics, and a set of free-running simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Overall, the two instruments show very similar ozone diurnal cycles at all seasons and pressure levels, and the models compare well with each other. There is a good agreement between the models and the measurements at most seasons and pressure levels, and the largest discrepancies can be explained by the limited vertical resolution of the microwave radiometers. However, as in a similar study over Mauna Loa, some discrepancies remain near the stratopause, at the transition region between ozone daytime accumulation and depletion. We report similar delays in the onset of the modelled ozone diurnal depletion in the lower mesosphere. Using the newly harmonized time series of GROMOS and SOMORA radiometers, we present the first observations of short-term (sub-monthly) ozone diurnal cycle variability at mid-latitudes. The short-term variability is observed in the upper stratosphere during wintertime, when the mean monthly cycle has a small amplitude and when the dynamics are more important. This is shown in the form of strong enhancements of the diurnal cycle, reaching up to 4–5 times the amplitude of the mean monthly cycle. We show that BASCOE is able to capture some of these events, and we present a case study of one such event following the minor sudden stratospheric warming of January 2015. Our analysis of this event supports the conclusions of a previous modelling study, attributing regional variability of the ozone diurnal cycle to regional anomalies in nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations. However, we also find periods with an enhanced diurnal cycle that do not show much change in NOx and where other processes might be dominant (e.g. atmospheric tides). Given its importance, we believe that the short-term variability of the ozone diurnal cycle should be further investigated over the globe, for instance using the BASCOE model.

Impact of variability in cell cycle periodicity on cell population dynamics.

The cell cycle consists of a series of orchestrated events controlled by molecular sensing and feedback networks that ultimately drive the duplication of total DNA and the subsequent division of a single parent cell into two daughter cells. The ability to block the cell cycle and synchronize cells within the same phase has helped understand factors that control cell cycle progression and the properties of each individual phase. Intriguingly, when cells are released from a synchronized state, they do not maintain synchronized cell division and rapidly become asynchronous. The rate and factors that control cellular desynchronization remain largely unknown. In this study, using a combination of experiments and simulations, we investigate the desynchronization properties in cervical cancer cells (HeLa) starting from the G1/S boundary following double-thymidine block. Propidium iodide (PI) DNA staining was used to perform flow cytometry cell cycle analysis at regular 8 hour intervals, and a custom auto-similarity function to assess the desynchronization and quantify the convergence to an asynchronous state. In parallel, we developed a single-cell phenomenological model the returns the DNA amount across the cell cycle stages and fitted the parameters using experimental data. Simulations of population of cells reveal that the cell cycle desynchronization rate is primarily sensitive to the variability of cell cycle duration within a population. To validate the model prediction, we introduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to increase cell cycle noise. Indeed, we observed an increase in cell cycle variability under LPS stimulation in HeLa cells, accompanied with an enhanced rate of cell cycle desynchronization. Our results show that the desynchronization rate of artificially synchronized in-phase cell populations can be used a proxy of the degree of variance in cell cycle periodicity, an underexplored axis in cell cycle research.

Growth variation of pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur) in comparative cultures of different origin

At the age of 16, were analysed the comparative cultures of pedunculate oak, which have as seed sources the stands from the north, center and south of the Republic of Moldova. The provenances from the center area demonstrated a high adaptation capacity in the test site from the ,,Plaiul Fagului” reservation, having a signifi cant performance of growth in height than those from the south of the country. At the provenances studied, was observed the instability of the phenotypic variability, which resulted in the change of ranking regarding their growth in different years. This fact suggests that the genetic expression of growth in height occurs gradually, stadially, in the ontogenetic process of tree development. Also, is evident a strong hereditary infl uence of the oaks of origin on the growth rate of the descendants. The use of acorns within the limits of a forest body is risky with the reduction of the genetic diversity of the natural population. Under the conditions of climate change, the transfer of reproductive forest materials within the limits of the Central Moldavian Plateau can be admitted because the pedunculate oak has a vast genetic variability in terms of traits important for adaptation. The assisted migration within the limits of the center area to the oak, a species with a long life cycle and vast genetic variability, is justifi ed by the fact that natural selection will speed up the adaptation process of trees with the prediction of climate changes.

Menstrual cycle length variation by demographic characteristics from the Apple Women’s Health Study

Menstrual characteristics are important signs of women’s health. Here we examine the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, ethnicity, and body weight using 165,668 cycles from 12,608 participants in the US using mobile menstrual tracking apps. After adjusting for all covariates, mean menstrual cycle length is shorter with older age across all age groups until age 50 and then became longer for those age 50 and older. Menstrual cycles are on average 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.0) days longer for Asian and 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4, 1.0) days longer for Hispanic participants compared to white non-Hispanic participants. Participants with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 have 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2, 1.8) days longer cycles compared to those with BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2. Cycle variability is the lowest among participants aged 35–39 but are considerably higher by 46% (95%CI: 43%, 48%) and 45% (95%CI: 41%, 49%) among those aged under 20 and between 45–49. Cycle variability increase by 200% (95%CI: 191%, 210%) among those aged above 50 compared to those in the 35–39 age group. Compared to white participants, those who are Asian and Hispanic have larger cycle variability. Participants with obesity also have higher cycle variability. Here we confirm previous observations of changes in menstrual cycle pattern with age across reproductive life span and report new evidence on the differences of menstrual variation by ethnicity and obesity status. Future studies should explore the underlying determinants of the variation in menstrual characteristics.

High-frequency sensor data capture short-term variability in Fe and Mn concentrations due to hypolimnetic oxygenation and seasonal dynamics in a drinking water reservoir

The biogeochemical cycles of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in lakes and reservoirs have predictable seasonal trends, largely governed by stratification dynamics and redox conditions in the hypolimnion. However, short-term (i.e., sub-weekly) trends in Fe and Mn cycling are less well-understood, as most monitoring efforts focus on longer-term (i.e., monthly to yearly) time scales. The potential for elevated Fe and Mn to degrade water quality and impact ecosystem functioning, coupled with increasing evidence for high spatiotemporal variability in other biogeochemical cycles, necessitates a closer evaluation of the short-term Fe and Mn dynamics in lakes and reservoirs. We adapted a UV-visible spectrophotometer coupled with a multiplexor pumping system and partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling to generate high spatiotemporal resolution predictions of Fe and Mn concentrations in a drinking water reservoir (Falling Creek Reservoir, Vinton, VA, USA) equipped with a hypolimnetic oxygenation (HOx) system. We quantified hourly Fe and Mn concentrations during two transitional periods: reservoir turnover (Fall 2020) and HOx initiation (Summer 2021). Our sensor system successfully predicted mean Fe and Mn concentrations and trends, ground-truthed by grab sampling and laboratory analysis. During fall turnover, hypolimnetic Fe and Mn concentrations began to decrease more than two weeks before complete mixing of the reservoir, with rapid equalization of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic Fe and Mn concentrations in less than 48 h after full water column mixing. During the initiation of HOx in Summer 2021, Fe and Mn displayed distinctly different responses to oxygenation, as indicated by the rapid oxidation of soluble Fe but not soluble Mn. This study demonstrates that Fe and Mn concentrations are sensitive to changes in redox conditions induced by stratification and oxygenation, although their responses to these changes differ. We also show that high spatio-temporal resolution predictions of Fe and Mn can improve drinking water monitoring programs and reservoir management practices.

Variability of Jet Streams in the Atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in Recent Decades (1980–2021)

Based on the reanalysis data quantitative estimates of the kinetic energy of the high-altitude jet streams of the Northern Hemisphere (EK JS NH) and its changes in the annual cycle and interannual variability for the period 1980–2021 were obtained under different conditions for the minimum wind speed Vm in the JS area. Adequate estimates are made for the share of the total kinetic energy of the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere associated with JS (PEк JS). The share of the volume of atmospheric layers in the JS area in the NH in the total analyzed atmospheric layer of 500–100 hPa (PV JS) was also estimated. Significant changes were noted in summer including significant weakening trends of EК, PEк and PV in July and August at Vm ≥ 20 and Vm ≥ 30 m/s. In winter significant changes were noted only for PV – a decreasing trend at Vm ≥ 20 and Vm ≥ 30 m/s. Seasonal features of JS connection with El Niño phenomena are noted which are most significantly manifested from January to April.

Label-Free Cytometric Evaluation of Mitosis via Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis.

Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a robust imaging tool for the analysis of biological systems. Here, we present a unique perspective, a label-free spatiotemporal map of mitosis, by integrating hyperspectral SRS microscopy with advanced chemometrics to assess the intrinsic biomolecular properties of an essential process of mammalian life. The application of spectral phasor analysis to multiwavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber (HWN) region of the Raman spectrum enabled the segmentation of subcellular organelles based on innate SRS spectra. Traditional imaging of DNA is primarily reliant on using fluorescent probes or stains which can affect the biophysical properties of the cell. Here, we demonstrate the label-free visualization of nuclear dynamics during mitosis coupled with an evaluation of its spectral profile in a rapid and reproducible manner. These results provide a snapshot of the cell division cycle and chemical variability between intracellular compartments in single-cell models, which is central to understanding the molecular foundations of these fundamental biological processes. The evaluation of HWN images by phasor analysis also facilitated the differentiation between cells in separate phases of the cell cycle based solely on their nuclear SRS spectral signal, which offers an interesting label-free approach in combination with flow cytometry. Therefore, this study demonstrates that SRS microscopy combined with spectral phasor analysis is a valuable method for detailed optical fingerprinting at the subcellular level.

Machine Learning in Period, Fertility and Ovulation Tracking Application

Machine learning has the potential to improve the accuracy of period tracking applications by analyzing patterns in menstrual cycle data. The ability to predict the timing of menstrual cycles is important for women's health, and can be used to provide personalized reminders and notifications, as well as to better understand and manage menstrual cycles. One of the main challenges in developing a Machine Learning algorithm for period tracking is the variability of menstrual cycles, which can be affected by a variety of factors such as stress, changes in weight, and certain medical conditions. One approach is to use time series forecasting algorithms, such as ARIMA and STL, which are designed to predict future values based on past data. These algorithms can be trained on historical menstrual cycle data to predict the timing of future cycles. Another approach is to use neural networks, which can model complex patterns in data and can be used to predict the next period date by analyzing patterns in menstrual cycle data, such as cycle length and symptoms. Random Forest and Gradient Boosting are ensemble methods used for classification and regression tasks, which can be used to predict the next period date by analyzing patterns in menstrual cycle data, such as cycle length and symptoms. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are another Machine Learning algorithm that can be used for prediction, specifically in classification problems. In addition, the accuracy of predictions can be improved by including other relevant data such as information about stress levels, weight changes, and symptoms. Furthermore, by analyzing data from multiple users, machine learning can identify trends and patterns that may be useful in understanding and managing menstrual cycles more effectively. Overall, machine learning has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy and usefulness of period tracking applications, providing women with better tools for understanding and managing their menstrual cycles..

Dynamo modelling for cycle variability and occurrence of grand minima in Sun-like stars: rotation rate dependence

ABSTRACT Like the solar cycle, stellar activity cycles are also irregular. Observations reveal that rapidly rotating (young) Sun-like stars exhibit a high level of activity with no Maunder-like grand minima and rarely display smooth regular activity cycles. On the other hand, slowly rotating old stars like the Sun have low activity levels and smooth cycles with occasional grand minima. We, for the first time, try to model these observational trends using flux transport dynamo models. Following previous works, we build kinematic dynamo models of one solar mass star with different rotation rates. Differential rotation and meridional circulation are specified with a mean-field hydrodynamic model. We include stochastic fluctuations in the Babcock–Leighton source of the poloidal field to capture the inherent fluctuations in the stellar convection. Based on extensive simulations, we find that rapidly rotating stars produce highly irregular cycles with strong magnetic fields and rarely produce Maunder-like grand minima, whereas the slowly rotating stars (with a rotation period of 10 d and longer) produce smooth cycles of weaker strength, long-term modulation in the amplitude, and occasional extended grand minima. The average duration and the frequency of grand minima increase with decreasing rotation rate. These results can be understood as the tendency of less supercritical dynamo in slower rotating stars to be more prone to produce extended grand minima.

Hormonal contraceptive use, menstrual cycle characteristics and training/nutrition related profiles of elite, sub-elite and amateur athletes and exercisers: One size is unlikely to fit all

The aim of the present study was to simultaneously audit hormonal contraceptive (HC) use, menstrual cycle characteristics and training/nutrition related profiles in pre-menopausal women from varying athletic and exercise backgrounds. Elite ( n = 51), sub-elite ( n = 118) and amateur ( n = 392) female athletes and exercisers were examined via an anonymous quantitative/qualitative survey tool. All analyses for ratio data were conducted utilising one- and two-way ANOVA/ANCOVA and odds ratio models, with ordinal data analysed via Pearson's Chi-squared tests. HC use was similar across elite, sub-elite and amateurs (34–44%). Menstrual cycle length was not different ( P = 0.08) between competitive levels (28 ± 13 days), but 66% of respondents reported cycle variability (10 ± 11 days). Training profiles were not different based on contraceptive status ( P > 0.05) yet were across competitive groups ( P < 0.05). Daily meal/snack intakes were not different between contraceptive status ( P > 0.05), though elite and sub-elite groups reported a higher daily meal consumption compared to amateurs ( P < 0.01). Forty percent of all respondents skipped meals, attributed to lack of time, schedule and alterations in appetite, with reported changes in taste preferences during pre-menses (14–35%) and menses (15–25%) towards sweet foods (60%), with cravings for chocolate and other confectionary (25%). Prevalence of dietary supplement use was not influenced by contraceptive status ( P = 0.31), though elites (76%) reported higher use ( P = 0.04) than amateurs (63%). Data demonstrates that in female athletes and exercisers, competitive level appears to affect simple markers of training and nutrition practice, yet contraceptive status does not.

Does the duration's training and menstrual cycle phase affect women’s futsal athlete performance? A critical survey perspective

The menstrual cycle phase and the duration of practice often interfere with female futsal athletes' performance during training. This study explores the relationship between exercise duration, menstrual disorder and the performance of women’s futsal athletes. This research method uses a survey. The subjects of this study were 22 female futsal athletes in the city of Cimahi. The instrument was a closed interview validated by a women's soccer expert (coach of the Indonesian women's soccer team) from STKIP Pasundan and tested on three participants who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis is presented as the mean and differences between groups were evaluated by t-test with a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. Descriptive analysis using SPSS software (version 21.0). This study reveals that the significance test with sig.0.13 <0.05 on the duration variable, which means that the exercise's duration directly affects the athlete's performance. In comparison, the menstrual cycle variable has a sig.0.91 value > 0.05, which means that the menstrual cycle does not directly affect the performance of female futsal athletes. However, the significant results showed no effect of the menstrual cycle on the performance of female futsal athletes. This study recommends that female futsal coaches pay attention to the duration of training during the menstrual period for each athlete to achieve optimal performance.

Nitrogen palaeo-isoscapes: Changing spatial gradients of faunal δ15N in late Pleistocene and early Holocene Europe.

Nitrogen isotope ratio analysis (δ15N) of animal tissue is widely used in archaeology and palaeoecology to investigate diet and ecological niche. Data interpretations require an understanding of nitrogen isotope compositions at the base of the food web (baseline δ15N). Significant variation in animal δ15N has been recognised at various spatiotemporal scales and related to changes both in baseline δ15N, linked to environmental and climatic influence on the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, and animal ecology. Isoscapes (models of isotope spatial variation) have proved a useful tool for investigating spatial variability in biogeochemical cycles in present-day marine and terrestrial ecosystems, but so far, their application to palaeo-data has been more limited. Here, we present time-sliced nitrogen isoscapes for late Pleistocene and early Holocene Europe (c. 50,000 to 10,000 years BP) using herbivore collagen δ15N data. This period covers the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition, during which significant variation in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle occurred. We use generalized linear mixed modelling approaches for interpolation and test models which both include and exclude climate covariate data. Our results show clear changes in spatial gradients of δ15N through time. Prediction of the lowest faunal δ15N values in northern latitudes after, rather than during, the Last Glacial Maximum is consistent with the Late Glacial Nitrogen Excursion (LGNE). We find that including climatic covariate data does not significantly improve model performance. These findings have implications for investigating the drivers of the LGNE, which has been linked to increased landscape moisture and permafrost thaw, and for understanding changing isotopic baselines, which are fundamental for studies investigating diets, niche partitioning, and migration of higher trophic level animals.

The Deep‐Water Plume in the Northwestern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: Mean State, Seasonal Cycle and Interannual Variability Influenced by Climate Modes

AbstractWe provide an updated estimate of the annual‐mean, seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the transports and properties of the Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) plume in the northwestern Weddell Sea. For this we used a densely instrumented mooring array deployed across the continental slope between January 2017 and January 2019. We found that the annual‐mean WSBW transport is 3.4 ± 1.5 Sv, corresponding to a cross‐section area of 35 km2 and a maximum thickness of 203 m. The annual mean transport‐weighted properties of WSBW are −0.99°C (Θ), 34.803 g/kg (SA) and 28.44 kg/m3 (γn). The WSBW is characterized by 3 bottom‐intensified velocity cores, which display seasonal variations in flow speed and transport different varieties of WSBW. The seasonal peak of WSBW transport and density is reached in May (4.7 Sv, 28.443 kg m−3) while the minimum values are observed in February (2.8 Sv, 28.435 kg m−3). The coldest WSBW is found between March and May, and the warmest between August and October. The density decrease of WSBW observed in the austral autumn of 2018 can be explained by warmer ambient waters being entrained during the formation of WSBW. This was enabled by the weakening of the along‐shore winds associated with a positive Southern Annular Mode index, reinforced by a La Niña event in early 2018. The synchronous decrease of total WSBW transport and volume between September 2018 and February 2019 indicates a reduction in the export of the dense precursors of WSBW from the Weddell Sea continental shelf.

Business cycle variability in Mexico: an empirical analysis from 1980-2017

Business cycle variability in Mexico: an empirical analysis from 1980-2017

Inversion tillage with straw incorporation affects the patterns of soil microbial co-occurrence and multi-nutrient cycling in a Hapli-Udic Cambisol

Inversion tillage with straw amendment is widely applied in northeastern China, and it can substantially increase the storage of carbon and improve multiple subsoil functions. Soil microorganisms are believed to be the key to this process, but research into their role in subsoil amelioration is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2018 in a region in northeastern China with Hapli-Udic Cambisol using four treatments: conventional tillage (CT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm with no straw incorporation), straw incorporation with conventional tillage (SCT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm), inversion tillage (IT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm) and straw incorporation with inversion tillage (SIT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm). The soils were managed by inversion to a depth of 15 or 35 cm every year after harvest. The results indicated that SIT improved soil multi-nutrient cycling variables and increased the availability of key nutrients such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in both the topsoil and subsoil. In contrast to CT and SCT, SIT created a looser microbial network structure but with highly centralized clusters by reducing the topological properties of average connectivity and node number, and by increasing the average path length and the modularity. A Random Forest analysis found that the average path length and the clustering coefficient were the main determinants of soil multi-nutrient cycling. These findings suggested that SIT can be an effective option for improving soil multi-nutrient cycling and the structure of microbial networks, and they provide crucial information about the microbial strategies that drive the decomposition of straw in Hapli-Udic Cambisol.

COVID-19 vaccination and changes in the menstrual cycle among vaccinated persons

To describe the characteristics of people who experience changes to their menstrual cycle after COVID-19 vaccination. Longitudinal study. We recruited a volunteer sample with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who enrolled in the Arizona COVID-19 Cohort (CoVHORT) study and participated in a reproductive sub-cohort who were pre-menopausal, not pregnant, and had received a COVID-19 vaccine in 2021 (n = 545). Demographic and reproductive characteristics were collected via self-reports. Information on self-reported changes in the menstrual cycle after COVID-19 vaccination was collected from May 2021 to December 2021. We looked at demographic and reproductive characteristics as predictors of menstrual cycle change. The majority of our vaccinated sample received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (58%), and were 26-35 years old (51%), non-Hispanic (84%), and White (88%). Approximately 25% of vaccinated participants reported a change in their menstrual cycle after vaccination; the majority reported changes after their second dose (56%) as compared with their first (18%) and third (14%) doses. The most commonly reported changes were irregular menstruation (43%), increased premenstrual symptoms (34%), increased menstrual pain or cramps (30%), and abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding (31%). High self-reported perceived stress levels compared with low perceived stress (OR, 2.22; 95% CI 1.12-4.37) and greater body mass index (OR, 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.07) were associated with greater odds of experiencing the menstrual cycle changes after the vaccination. Participants having a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were less likely to report changes in their menstrual cycle after vaccination compared with the participants with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR, 0.58; 95% CI 0.32-1.04). Among vaccinated participants, approximately 25% of them reported predominantly temporary changes in the menstrual cycle, however, we are unable to determine whether these changes are due to normal cycle variability. The COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective for everyone, including pregnant people and people trying to conceive; hence, these findings should not discourage vaccination.

Interannual and Seasonal Along-Shelf Current Variability and Dynamics: Seventeen Years of Observations from the Southern New England Inner Shelf

Abstract The characteristics and dynamics of depth-average along-shelf currents at monthly and longer time scales are examined using 17 years of observations from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory on the southern New England inner shelf. Monthly averages of the depth-averaged along-shelf current are almost always westward, with the largest interannual variability in winter. There is a consistent annual cycle with westward currents of 5 cm s−1 in summer decreasing to 1–2 cm s−1 in winter. Both the annual cycle and interannual variability in the depth-average along-shelf current are predominantly driven by the along-shelf wind stress. In the absence of wind forcing, there is a westward flow of ∼5 cm s−1 throughout the year. At monthly time scales, the depth-average along-shelf momentum balance is primarily between the wind stress, surface gravity wave–enhanced bottom stress, and an opposing pressure gradient that sets up along the southern New England shelf in response to the wind. Surface gravity wave enhancement of bottom stress is substantial over the inner shelf and is essential to accurately estimating the bottom stress variation across the inner shelf. Significance Statement Seventeen years of observations from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory on the inner continental shelf of southern New England reveal that the depth-average along-shelf current is almost always westward and stronger in summer than in winter. Both the annual cycle and variations around the annual cycle are primarily driven by the along-shelf wind stress. The wind stress is opposed by a pressure gradient that sets up along the southern New England shelf and a surface gravity wave–enhanced bottom stress. The surface gravity wave enhancement of bottom stress is substantial in less than 30 m of water and is essential in determining the variation of the along-shelf current across the inner shelf.

Pengaruh Operation Management Dan Cash To Cash Cycle Terhadap Financial Performance

During the Covid 19 pandemic companies must pay attention to the cash to cash cycle in order to survive and develop by continuing to innovate and improve company performance. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of operation management and the cash to cash cycle on company financial performance. The research subjects are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable in this research is financial performance and the independent variable is operation management which is proxied by inventory control and TQM, and the cash to cash cycle variable which is proxied by the average collection period and average payment period. The test analysis uses multiple linear methods and the test results show the results of data analysis using double linear regression analysis. It can be concluded that only the average payment period variable has no effect on financial performance while the inventory control, TQM and average collection period variables have a significant positive effect on financial performance.