Cycle Repetition Research Articles

Effect of neural firing pattern on NbOx/Al2O3 memristor-based reservoir computing system

The implementation of reservoir computing using resistive random-access memory as a physical reservoir has attracted attention due to its low training cost and high energy efficiency during parallel data processing. In this work, a NbOx/Al2O3-based memristor device was fabricated through a sputter and atomic layer deposition process to realize reservoir computing. The proposed device exhibits favorable resistive switching properties (>103 cycle endurance) and demonstrates short-term memory characteristics with current decay. Utilizing the controllability of the resistance state and its variability during cycle repetition, electrical pulses are applied to investigate the synapse-emulating properties of the device. The results showcase the functions of potentiation and depression, the coexistence of short-term and long-term plasticity, excitatory post-synaptic current, and spike-rate dependent plasticity. Building upon the functionalities of an artificial synapse, pulse spikes are categorized into three distinct neural firing patterns (normal, adapt, and boost) to implement 4-bit reservoir computing, enabling a significant distinction between “0” and “1.”

Present/absent futures: waiting in the aftermath of a defeated revolution

ABSTRACT This article explores time and temporality in the wake of the defeat of the Syrian 2011 revolution. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Syrian revolutionaries in Gaziantep, Turkey; it argues that waiting for detainees to be freed, for return to the homeland or for the revolutionary cycle's repetition and closure, deeply modifies displaced Syrians' relation to present, past and future. Syrians' waiting thus appears reversed - directed to the past and awaiting a different repetition of the past - for, in this context, the temporality of displacement is simultaneously a temporality of the aftermath of defeat.

Effects of base frequency, duty cycle, and waveform repetition on transient electromagnetic responses: Insights from models of a deep-buried conductor

In transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods, the recorded data for the magnetic field and its time derivative are influenced by the waveforms of the transmitting current. These waveforms are characterized by parameters such as the durations of the turn-on, steady, and turn-off stages as well as the base frequency, duty cycle, and waveform repetition. The full-waveform effects encompass all counteracting effects observed in TEM responses that arise from using a waveform other than a step-off or step-on waveform. To address these complexities, a 3D forward-modeling solver is developed for TEM methods, capable of calculating TEM responses while considering realistic waveforms with considerations for base frequency, duty cycle, and waveform repetition. The effects of these parameters on the magnetic field and its time derivative are investigated through numerical experiments using models involving deep-buried horizontal and vertical conductors. The results indicate that as the waveform period increases, there is a significant improvement in the detection and discrimination capability of the magnetic field for perfect conductors with a conductivity of 1000 S/m or higher in the models presented in this study. However, the improvement in the time derivative of the magnetic field is minimal. Interestingly, the improvement in the magnetic field and its time derivative does not indicate a consistent trend as the conductor conductivity increases. In addition, a novel equivalence phenomenon is uncovered in the magnetic field and its time derivative data. The results also suggest that as the number of waveform repetitions increases or the duty cycle decreases, the discrepancies between the recorded TEM responses at the two off-time stages within a single period gradually diminish. However, the influence of the full waveform on the TEM responses becomes more pronounced with an increasing number of waveform repetitions or a decrease in the duty cycle, especially in terms of the magnetic field.

Analysis of physical and mechanical properties of granite under different cooling methods under high-temperatures thermal cycles

This study explores the impact of external pressure and high-temperature erosion on the physical and mechanical properties of granite, the geothermal well storage medium, during geothermal exploitation. Objectives include evaluating the effects of repeated heating and cooling cycles at different temperatures on porosity, permeability and mechanical performance, with a focus on confining pressure's influence on permeability. The results indicate that under water-cooling and ambient conditions, porosity and permeability increase with cycle repetition, whereas compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease. Notably, Group B's (water-cooled) mechanical performance surpasses that of Group A (room temperature cooling) when porosity is below 1.5%. However, with increasing porosity owing to thermal cycling, Group B's granite becomes inferior to that of Group A. Micro-computed tomography scans reveal a post-cycling granite pore structure dominated by horizontal cracks, with primary uniaxial compression damage in the vertical direction. Thermal cycling reduces crack paths and load-bearing capacity, diminishing granite's mechanical performance. This study offers insights into subtle interactions between cooling methods and porosity during geothermal energy exploitation. It provides valuable guidance for optimizing geothermal energy use and mitigating potential adverse impacts on rock integrity, laying a foundation for further research and practical applications in geothermal energy exploitation.

How to design a low-cost pilot scale magnetic bioseparation process for protein separation from complex mixtures using in-line process analytics

Magnetic separation is a powerful tool for the integrated capture and purification of biomolecules and cells directly from complex feed media without the need for prior clarification and without the risk of equipment blockage. In this study, we equipped a commercially available rotor–stator high-gradient magnetic separator (RS-HGMS) with in-line analytics of hygienic design (absorbance, conductivity, pH, and flow) and used it for a systematic characterization of the equipment. By combining particle agglomeration and separation studies with residence time analysis, magnetic filter capacity, and particle retention experiments for bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs), we developed a generic RS-HGMS operation protocol optimized for minimal particle carry-over and efficient buffer exchange. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we customized this operation protocol for the challenging task of lactoferrin separation from crude acid whey, which serves as an illustrative example in this paper. The modifications involved simple adjustments of pump speed, step duration, and cycle repetition without altering the fundamental principles of our generic approach. In this proof-of-concept, a BIONs carry-over of less than 0.037 g L-1 was achieved in the elution fractions, and the in-line sensors enabled continuous monitoring and documentation of the process, providing valuable data for process optimization and validation. This paper demonstrates how a magnetic separation process can be effortlessly tailored for challenging bioseparation tasks, while emphasizing the importance of implementing continuous in-line process monitoring and data logging. We believe this is an essential step toward the wider adoption of this promising technique in the industry.

Numerical simulation study of firing threshold of STN neuron stimulated by focused ultrasound.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the functional brain imaging techniques to effectively measure neuronal activity, but its low spatial resolution makes it difficult to localize evoked excitatory neurons or areas of abnormal firing. Multimodal imaging techniques are expected to combine the high spatial resolution (mm level) of focused ultrasound (FUS) with the high temporal resolution (ms level) of EEG. The technique must be performed under the premise that ultrasound stimulation does not affect neuronal firing, and there is an urgent need to determine the threshold of this ultrasound stimulation parameter. In this paper, the subthalamic nucleus neuronal firing model and the bilayer sonophore model are combined to numerically simulate the neuronal firing rhythm under the conditions of different stimulation parameters. The correlation and frequency differences of neuronal firing rhythms with and without ultrasound stimulation were compared and used as an index to evaluate the degree of change, and the final range of effective threshold parameters for ultrasound stimulation of neurons but not inducing neuronal firing was obtained. The results showed that the correlation of neuronal firing rhythms in both conditions with and without stimulation decreased and the frequency difference increased with increasing ultrasound parameters such as duty cycle, intensity, center frequency and pulse repetition frequency. An effective range of stimulation threshold parameters can be obtained based on the correlation coefficients and frequency difference matrices under different parameter combinations. The threshold can further promote the safe and effective application of FUS for multimodal electrophysiological imaging.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of PS/F-PANI/PNT films for visible-light-induced hydrogen production

This study aims to develop polystyrene/polyaniline/Pt/N-TiO2 (PS/PANI/PNT) photocatalytic films for hydrogen production under simulated sunlight to improve the efficiency of photocatalyst recycling. The effects of the molar ratio of aniline monomer (AN) to oxidizing reagent (ammonium peroxydisulfate, APS) and the weight ratio of AN to PNT on the conductivity of synthesized nanofiber PANI (F-PANI) materials were investigated. PS/PANI/PNT with F-PANI/PNT were synthesized for photocatalytic hydrogen production. An AN/APS molar ratio of 1:2 in F-PANI/PNT was suitable for AN oxidation. The conductive pathway of PANI chains was enhanced by PNT addition at a AN/PNT weight ratio of 1:0.25, which was favorable for enhancing conductivity, facilitating the faster migration of electron–hole pairs to the photocatalyst surface to improve the hydrogen production rate. The F-PANI/PNT photocatalyst effectively separates its electron–hole pairs and has strong electron reduction and hole oxidation abilities, which is suitable for improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity. The contact angle of PS/F-PANI/PNT-2–0.25 was lower than that of PS/PNT, indicating that the hydrophilicity and active sites of PS/F-PANI/PNT-2–0.25 increased. The optimal photocatalytic hydrogen production of F-PS/PANI/PNT (28,580 μmol h-1 g-1) was reached when the polymerization temperature, AN/APS molar ratio, and AN/PNT weight ratio were 5 °C, 1:2, and 1:0.25, respectively. The PS/F-PANI/PNT film showed excellent recyclability, with comparable photocatalytic activity even after five cycle repetition tests. This approach provides a promising alternative to traditional photocatalytic systems and contribute to a more efficient photocatalyst recycling process.

Influence of cycle repetition on stack voltage degradation during fuel cell stress tests

AbstractA voltage decrease in the long‐term operation of hydrogen fuel cell (FC) electric cars under steady settings under constant load and dynamic operating conditions is a performance constraint of concern. Although accelerated stress test (AST) procedures have been sought to diagnose degradation, the AST results of FC stacks have not been reported extensively. The purpose of this article is to discuss the generation of AST of FC stacks based on real load profiles and the consequences of load changes and start‐stop circumstances, which are mostly generated by common driven cycles in urban regions with high driving speeds and traffic jams. The highlight of this study is to analyze the effects of cycle repetition on the aging FC stack, especially the voltage degradation factor, degradation kinetics, and energy consumption. The relation between actual system temperatures in side cells assembled in the FC stacks and material degradation was also analyzed. The results presented high heat accumulation, related to chemical degradation, that occurred during load cycling and may result in membrane thinning and pinholes in the membrane. Temperature cycling corresponded to mechanical degradation generated during the start‐stop cycling test, which may lead to membrane degradations—cracking, tearing, and pinholes.

О возможной природе сталактитоподобных образований в агатах Ольского плато (Северо-Восток России)

The features of the stalactite-like formations relationship with onyxes in the geodes of the Ola basalt plateau agates are considered. It is shown that such formations are formed from the gel in the arc parts of cavities and flow down in the shape of icicles under the influence of gravity. "Stalactites" intersect previously formed layers of opal, chalcedony, quartz. The onyx layers. consisting of the silica group (SiO2,) minerals, can be dissolved only with the participation of F or HF. This is especially important in the case of poured basalts, since they contain no silica (SiO2) minerals, and silicon crystallizes in a different coordination (SiO4, Si3O8) in feldspars, olivine, etc. Geode filling with silica can be explained by the passage of gaseous HF and F from volcanic emanations through the thickness of silicon-containing rocks, with partial Si dissolution and formation of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4), which fills cavities (bubbles) in basalt lavas. Subsequently, when meteoric water seeps into the cavity, silicon tetrafluoride is hydrolyzed to form orthosilicic acid, which is transformed into silica gel; the latter polymerizes to form chalcedony. Simultaneously, the remains of F either evaporate through cracks or accumulate in the cavity arch, again dissolving basalt in the vault of the geode (cycle repetition), with the formation of a viscous gel-like substance containing fluorine, which flows down in jets and polymerizes, thus creating stalactite-like structures. The author uses the photographs of agates found by B. M. Sedov in his numerous hikes to the Ola basalt plateau. The photographs were published in the wonderful book, "Agates from Upstream of the Ola River (Russia)" by B. M. Sedov.

Technology efficiency and promotion mechanism on the response output performance of a biomimetic gelatinous polymer actuator based on different process approaches

AbstractIn this paper, from different aspects of internal material composition, biomass modification method and assembly process factor of the biomimetic gelatinous polymer actuator (BGPA), its three process approaches including ionic liquid (IL, [EMIm]BF4) doping amount, sodium alginate (SA) ‐ carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) crosslinking ratio and casting assembly temperature were comprehensively compared, and accordingly their technology efficiency and promotion mechanism on response output performance of the BGPA had also been fully researched. The results suggested that under monotonic work cycle, when the IL doping amount was 4 ml, operating life of BGPA reached the maximum of 1720 s and its smallest tremor amplitude was 8.51%. When the SA‐CMCS crosslinking ratio was 5:5, all three evaluation indexes of the duty cycle, internal resistance and elastic modulus of BGPA achieved the minima around 0.97%, 1.61 Ω and 0.207 MPa, respectively. When the casting assembly temperature was 50°C, specific capacitance and output force density of the BGPA separately obtained the largest values of 551.34 mF/g and 16.249 mN/g. Within the cycle repetition period, the best stable output force of the BGPA was approximately 2.877 mN with 4 ml ionic liquid, and its optimal electron current was 12.771 mA at 50°C.

Ceramic-Coated Separator to Enhance Cycling Performance of Lithium-ion Batteries at High Current Density

Given the global demand for green energy, the battery industry is positioned to be an important future technology. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are the most widely used battery in the market, are the focus of various research and development efforts, from materials to systems, that seek to improve their performance. The separator is one of the core materials in LIBs and is a significant factor in the lifespan of high-performance batteries. To improve the performance of present LIBs, electrochemical testing and related surface analyses of the separator is essential. In this paper, we prepared a ceramic (Boehmite, γ-AlOOH) coated polypropylene separator and a porous polyimide separator to compare their electrochemical properties with a commercialized polypropylene (PP) separator. The prepared separators were assembled into nickelmanganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode half-cell and full-cell lithium-ion batteries. Their cycling performances were evaluated using differential capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with ethylene carbonate:dimethylcarbonate (EC:DMC) electrolyte. The ceramic coated polypropylene separator exhibited the best cycle performance at a high 5 C rate, with high ionic conductivity and less resistive solid electrolyte interphase. Also, it was confirmed that a separator solid electrolyte interface (SSEI) layer formed on the separator with cycle repetition, and it was also confirmed that this phenomenon determined the cycle life of the battery depending on the electrolyte.

Desain Model Pembelajaran Simulasi Untuk Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Islami Di SMPT Manahijul Huda Tasikmalaya

The learning process of dance is now avoided by some schools, because the learning objectives are not comprehensively understood by all parties. But there are some schools in Tasikmalaya that teach dance in their learning process even by applying Islamic values. Islamic values ??are an important value implanted in the learners to form a good character. By analyzing two schools conducting dance lessons to apply Islamic values, researchers designed a simulated learning model for simulation development conducted at other schools in Tasikmalaya District. The Islamic values ??applied are derived from the characteristics of Prophet Muhammad SAW, namely sidiq, tabligh, amanah and fatonah. Researchers used the story stimulus of heroes of Islam to turn the story's ideas into motion while the idea of ??motion developed the motion of Ibing Pencak. Theories used in this research that is koneksionis theory, theory of adolescent development, education theory and others. This research uses Design Based Research method with qualitative approach. This research is done gradually with cycle repetition. There are 4 cycles with 6 meetings to get the design of the appropriate learning model. Based on the process that has been done got a design of learning model which is a combination of learning component in two schools, but gave new thing in the form of psychomotor aspect which is raised to apply Islamic values. Once implemented, there are changes in the behavior of learners in their daily life and the increased aspects of cognitive, affective and psychomot learners in the subject matter.

LUE-200 Accelerator—A Photo-neutron Generator For The Pulsed Neutron Source “IREN”

This article reports about the construction and status of the accelerator facility at the Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna), the driver of an intense pulsed resonance neutron source. The general scheme of the electron linear accelerator and features of its basic systems are presented. LUE-200 consists of two accelerating sections on a traveling wave with an operating frequency of 2856 MHz with RF power compression systems of the SLED type. The pulse current of the beam at the output of the accelerator reaches 2 A with a pulse duration of 80–100 ns. At the average energy of beam particles from 60–65 MeV and a cycle repetition rate of 50 Hz, the average beam power reaches ≈ 600 W. The integral neutron flux from the non-multiplying target reaches ∼ 1012 s−1.

VOLUME CHANGE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED LATERITIC SOIL UNDER DRYING-WETTING CYCLE REPETITION

This study was conducted to investigate volume changes and compressive strength behavior of compacted high expansive soils from lateritic soils (60%) and bentonite (40%) mixture under drying-wetting cycle repetition as a construction materials alternatives. Lateritic soil obtained from waste Nickel mining site in East Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia. Laboratory tests of physical properties using ASTM standard test were conducted to lateritic soil, bentonite, and mixture soil, while SEM test for lateritic and mixture soil. The soil samples have optimum moisture content based on Proctor standard compaction test results (28%). Then, samples were treated drying-wetting cycle and repeating four cycles with 25, 50, 75, and 100% series path. The soil suction measurement used the Whatman #42 filter paper placed at the top, middle, and bottom of each sample, and after that, the unconfined compression strength test was performed based on the ASTM standard. The experimental results showed that the drying-wetting cycle repetition has a significant effect on volume change, suction, and compressive strength of the soil. The increasing number of cycle causing void ratio decrease and degree of saturation increase, and soil suction tend to decrease at the certain void ratio; likewise, soil compressive strength decreases at particular water content. Decreasing soil compressive strength causes a decrease in elastic modulus so that soil failure behavior is more brittle and work-softening. Therefore, the study results provide important geotechnical characteristics data of lateritic soil with high swell-shrink potential. Henceforth, some soil improvement innovations can perform to generate high-quality construction materials more effectively and efficiently.

MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MELALUI PENGGUNAAN PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 KECAMATAN KELAYANG KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU

The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the implementation of teaching activities of teachers by using Snowball Throwing models for eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency, 2) To find out the implementation of student activity learning using Snowball Throwing models for VIII grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang Regency of Indragiri Hulu, 3) To find out the extent of the success of teaching and learning by using Snowball Throwing models in class VIII students of SMPN 1 Kelayang Regency of Indragiri Hulu. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. The subjects in this study were all students of class VIII1 of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency, amounting to 33 people. The data analysis technique in this research uses descriptive quantitative. The results showed that student learning outcomes have increased with the average daily cycle repetition is 68.63% and increased on the daily cycle II replications by obtaining an average value of 72.87%. Then it can be concluded that by using the Snowball Throwing model can be the results of learning history subjects of eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Kelayang, Indragiri Hulu Regency.

Behavior of Swelling Pressure of Expansive Soil within The Active Zone of Surabaya Citraland

The ability of expansive soils to swell and shrink causes damage to the structures, especially for light buildings and pavements. Generally, swells and shrinks this expansive soil due to changes in water content in the active zone. This paper is a study about behavior of swelling pressure of expansive soil within the active zone. This research using undisturbed samples of soil that was taken from Surabaya Citraland. The experiment of swelling pressure was started from the samples with natural water content, furthermore a series of swelling pressure experiments is performed for a series of samples that was added or subtracted by some water to increase or decrease its water content. Repeated swelling pressure experiments were also performed for a sample that has undergone a drying-wetting cycle repetition. The experiment shows that swelling pressure decrease with increasing of water content of soil, in other side the swelling pressure of expansive soil remain constant after sixth repetition of swelling pressure experiment.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СМАРТФОН-ЗАСТОСУНКІВ В УМОВАХ ПСИХОТРАВМАТИЗАЦІЇ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

Розглянуто можливості використання едукативних смартфон-застосунків для опрацювання психотравматичного досвіду населення, отриманого внаслідок подій АТО та ООС в Україні. Підкреслюється, що мобільні застосунки є економним та швидким способом належного психологічного інформування. Виокремлено типові функції застосунків, прийнятних для едукативного опрацювання психотравматичного досвіду: (1) інформувальна (текстова, ілюстративна чи аудіо-відео інформація про посттравматичні стани та центри очної допомоги); (2) діагностична (інструменти для самооцінювання симптомів); (3) моніторингова («щоденпсихоедукаціяники» і статистичні сервіси для відстежування змін у станах); (4) супровідна (вправи та ігри для відпрацювання конструктивних навичок); (5) нагадувальна (повторення бажаних видів активності); (6) комунікативна («чати», відео- чи аудіозв’язок). Наведено приклади та описано контент електронних сервісів, які мають відповідні функції, зокрема «PFA Mobile Ukraine», «Мобільна психологічна допомога», «Соціально-психологічна підтримка адаптації ветеранів», «PTSD Coach», «Daylio», «Woebot» тощо. Запропоновано стратегію інкорпорації психоедукативних застосунків до традиційної соціально-психологічної роботи з психотравмою: структуризація інформації (просвітницький етап), автоматизація оцінювання симптомів (діагностичний етап), урізноманітнення інструментів комунікування та моніторингу змін (базисний етап), часткове заміщення процедур супроводу (підтримувальний етап). Елементи стратегії представлено як внутрішньо пов’язані один з одним та послідовні із повторенням циклу за потреби. Визначено умови забезпечення ефективності використання психоедукативних застосунків при подоланні наслідків психотравматизації: (1) етичні гарантії щодо нерозголошення персональної інформації; (2) наявність надійної теоретичної бази та емпіричної перевірки; (3) простий та інтуїтивний інтерфейс; (4) гейміфікація контенту.

Fast pulsed amperometric waveform for miniaturised flow-through electrochemical detection: Application in monitoring graphene oxide reduction

A fast pulsed waveform (2-steps at +400 mV and −400 mV, 10 ms each, 50 Hz cycle repetition) was developed incorporated within a miniaturised EC detector, and used to demonstrate the pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) of hydrazine in a flow-based analytical system. In contrast to standard amperometric detection (AD), a subsequent surface oxide reduction step was applied within the PAD waveform. The PAD applied within a simple flow-injection analysis (FIA) method provided a limit of detection (LOD) just as low as 0.8 nM of hydrazine (RSD 5%, n = 9, linearity r2 = 0.99 for 1 nM-100 μM), which is one order of magnitude lower than the lowest LOD reported todate. Significantly, the LOD was obtained using 5–20 times lower electrode surface area, flow rate, and sample volume, than in previous methods, with 15 times faster cycle repetition frequency than alternative PAD based studies reported in literature. Practical application of the PAD waveform was demonstrated by monitoring the temporal consumption of reducing agents during graphene oxide reduction experiments, separated using chromatographic methods (hydrazine in IC and ascorbic acid in HPLC).

PLANNING THE ACTIVITIES OF INTELLECTUAL AGENTS IN THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SYSTEMS

Context. Today, e-commerce is one of the most active and promising segments of the global economy, characterized by steady growth of volumes and active improvement of tools and technologies. Intellectualization of e-commerce systems today is one of the main trends in their development and effective functioning in a competitive environment. One of the most promising means of solving this task category is the use of intellectual agents (IAs). The modern approach to modeling the decision support process, in particular, in e-commerce, uses the Boyd’s loop principle, which involves repeated cycle repetition of four successive interrelated processes (stages): observation – orientation – decision-making – action. According to Boyd’s hypothesis, the higher speed of the cycle and the accuracy of the evaluation of the stages of the cycle provide an advantage over the competitor. Objective of the research is to develop tools for effective planning of actions of intellectual agents of e-commerce systems in a competitive environment based on ontologies, and to set the task of planning the actions of intellectual agents to the problem of dynamic programming. Method. The mathematical support and method of action planning of IA based on adaptive ontologies are developed. This method can be used to effectively operate IA in a competitive environment of the SEC, which is modeled by Boyd’s loop. Adaptive ontology is used to plan IA actions. To this end, we have added two scalar quantities (the importance of concepts and relationships) that are used to find an effective way to implement the IA plan in a generally accepted three-element tuple that defines ontology (a set of concepts, relationships, and their interpretation). Such an assessment of the ontology elements allows reducing the task of planning IA actions in a competitive environment to the task of dynamic programming. Results. In the article the model of planning of actions of intellectual agents of electronic commerce systems using an ontological approach is constructed. The method of evaluation of actions of intellectual agents on the basis of adaptive ontologies is developed. Such an assessment makes it possible to reduce the task of scheduling actions to the task of dynamic programming. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of IA actions can determine the causes of the formation of the target audience by a set of characteristics of the functioning of the SEC. By regulating the content, its uniqueness, the efficiency of its formation and its adequate management according to the individual needs of a regular user, one can model the boundaries of the target social audience and the number of unique visitors from search engines. In fig. 5–6 the results of the work of the developed systems in the form of charts are presented, from which it follows that in the presence of all types of IA significantly increases the volume of visits and unique users.

A retrospective study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy on curative effect for treatment of patients with N3 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for N3 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsThis study included 44 N3 stage NPC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy doses were planning target volume (PTV) 70–72 Gy for gross disease in the nasopharynx and 66–70 Gy for positive lymph nodes. The doses for high-risk- and low-risk region PTV were 60–62 and 54–56 Gy in 31–33 fractions. All patients received a concurrent chemotherapy program consisting of cisplatin 100 mg/m2, day 1, and the cycle repetition was every 21 days. The adjuvant chemotherapy program consisted of 4 cycles of S-1. The dose of S-1 was determined according to the body surface area (BSA): 40 mg twice a day for BSA <1.25 m2; 50 mg twice a day for 1.25 m2≤BSA<1.5 m2; and 60 mg twice a day for BSA ≥1.5 m2. S-1 was given on days 1–28, given 6 weeks apart.ResultsAll 44 patients completed at least 2 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy and 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The total efficiency of therapy was 100.0%. The 3-year overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), local-regional control, and progression-free survival rates were 86.4%, 84.1%, 97.7%, and 81.8%, respectively. There were no differences in the OS, DMFS, and efficiency between fast-fading group (reaching partial response before the second cycle of concurrent chemotherapy) and general-fading group (the rest of the group). The incidence of rash in the entire group was low, and there was also no association with prognosis.ConclusionIn patients with N3 stage NPC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy yielded an excellent survival benefit, and the toxicities were mild and tolerable. Distant metastasis was the main cause of treatment failure.