Cycle Diagram Research Articles

PHANTOM CHAINS TONTOR OF BIONIC OBJECT'S MOVEMENTS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS. Part 1

This presented work results provides an understanding of how phantom life cycle diagrams of abstract objects can be formed based on the conditions of their existence. Thus, an essential feature of the action of these objects is their possibility of application in automated systems, which is an important aspect of the development of technical bionic means and systems. The problem of using a phantom for modeling actions, movements of objects in space, features of the obtained results is quite widely used in various fields of scientific research. However, there remain tasks related to understanding how the main actions of robotic working bodies of automated systems take place. Thus, it becomes possible to create formalized models of the processes of performing actions of experimental objects in medicine, industry, astronomy, based on phantom constituents of chain and step geometric elements. Thus, it is possible to present similar bionic objects in medical automated systems, which refers to the design of bionic prostheses, exoskeleton systems, as well as systems for scientific research of biomechanical properties of objects. At the same time, we analyze the peculiarities of motor movements, for which we create and analyze phantom models of TONTOR steps and their combination into phantom chains. Prospects for further research, which will be presented in the next part of this work, are the creation of analytical models of phantom features of the existence of various bionic technical means in view of their connection between the volume of the abstract object and the phantom. Similar analytical approaches make it possible to determine the phantom matrix model of the life cycle of a bionic abstract object in automated systems.

Redesign of a Life Cycle Figure Improves Student Conceptions of Ecology and Evolution

Life cycle diagrams communicate the developmental life stages of an organism. Design choices may inadvertently communicate additional information about survivorship rates, genetic variation, and microevolutionary change. In this controlled experiment, we randomly assigned one of three life cycle diagrams to 684 college students. Each figure included identical life stages of a fictitious organism’s development but differed in (1) the number of offspring (single or multiple) and (2) layout (cyclical or linear). Each participant could reference the figure when answering questions about organism survival, variation among offspring, and variation between generations. Students scored 28–30% higher on questions about survivorship when the available diagram included multiple offspring. Students scored 19–30% higher on questions about microevolution when the diagram layout was linear. Overall, students who received the figure with a linear layout and multiple offspring earned the highest average score (54.5%, or 3.3 of six questions) on the assessment, while students with the traditional figure (cyclical layout with single offspring) scored the lowest average (26.1%, or 1.6 of six questions). These results suggest that figure design affects student interpretations and may assist student learning about ecology and evolution concepts and common misconceptions.

Water circles—a tool to assess and communicate the water cycle

‘Water circles’ are presented as flexible water cycle diagrams aggregating the flows through a system for a specific region and time period, categorized by flow type and organized by magnitude. Water circles for an entire system and separate storage components can be interpreted as water cycle speedometers and can help compare and communicate different climate and human impacts on different regions, time periods, and storage components. Water circles can facilitate comparisons between hydrological models and other methods for deriving water balances.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ДИЗАЙНУ ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЖИТТЄВОГО ЦИКЛУ СИСТЕМИ

The article substantiates the need to apply an organizational and information approach to the design of a higher educational institution in the context of the system's life cycle. This was determined by an analysis of existing approaches and methods to determining the effectiveness of the provision of educational services by higher education institutions. It has been proven that, despite all their classical completeness, there are significant drawbacks. These include: the educational services market introduced in Ukraine is not taken into account; application of methods for monitoring and assessing knowledge based on the final result. All this does not allow us to analyze many factors at intermediate stages that influence the quality of educational services. A model of a typical system life cycle with stages is presented: system design; system development; production system; system operation/support; decommissioning (disposal) of the system. According to the definition of the organizational and information design of a university as a complex system, its levels and components are defined: level zero – the target system, that is, the university under study; the first level is the strategic peak; second level – midline; the third level is the operating core; auxiliary structure. It has been established that universities have their own specifics, based on the analysis of which, a new type of design has been developed, namely organizational and information design and its model, which provides a systematic organization in accordance with the specifics of an individual university. In order to eliminate shortcomings in assessing the quality of functioning of a higher educational institution, a process approach to determining the quality of educational services is proposed. During the study, a process model of the quality of organizational and information design of a higher educational institution was developed, a life cycle diagram of the target system was presented in accordance with ISO 24748-1 and a visualization of the process model of the artificial system in the form of a general V-model was presented, a hierarchical system of quality indicators that form the structure of the model was presented.

Design, Configuration Synthesis, and Experimental Study of Side-Rolling Metamorphic Mechanism for Metal Additive Manufacturing

Arc additive manufacturing (AAM) has the advantages of fast deposition speed and good surfacing quality. It is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) method. However, arc additive manufacturing is difficult to use widely in industry due to its poor deformation, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Since the mechanical properties of materials can be greatly improved by rolling, a method for configuration synthesis of the side-rolling mechanism by using metamorphic mechanism theory is presented in this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the operational demands of the side-rolling mechanism, we obtained the motion cycle diagram for the metamorphic mechanism in addition to the corresponding equivalent resistance gradient matrix. Secondly, according to the motion cycle diagram and equivalent resistance gradient matrix of the metamorphic mechanism, the structure and constraint form of the metamorphic joints were established, and the relationship between the force variation and the structure and the constraint form of the metamorphic joints was also obtained. Then, the structures of all 12 corresponding constrained metamorphic mechanisms were synthesized. Ultimately, one among the twelve mechanisms was chosen as the side-rolling metamorphic mechanism. The topological transformation of its working configuration was examined. The results confirmed the feasibility and practicality of the proposed structural synthesis method in this study.

Effect of clearance position of torque link structure on nose landing gear shimmy

The clearance of the torque link will affect the stability of landing gear shimmy. In this paper, a six-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of dual-wheel nose landing gear shimmy including longitudinal bending and axial displacement of the strut is established. The shimmy characteristics of five different positions of clearance at the central connecting pin of the lower torque link and connection between the lower torque link and the inner cylinder of the strut are analyzed by bifurcation diagram, limit cycle and time history diagram. The results show that: there is a clearance on both sides of the head of the lower torque link, compared with the clearance exists only on one side (left or right), the range of the torsional shimmy of the nose landing gear is larger; when there is a clearance on one side (left or right) near 2 mm at the connection between the lower torque link and the inner cylinder of the strut, the torsional shimmy appears a period doubling phenomenon.

MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE CYCLE DIAGRAMS OF LIVING THINGS FOR CLASS IV PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract In science learning material on animal life cycles in class IV SDN Tarokan 3, the teacher has not used learning media. In the learning process the teacher uses the lecture method which causes students to be less active. This has an impact on students' lack of understanding of animal life cycle material which results in more than 50% of students getting learning outcomes below the KKM. This research aims to (1) determine the validity of life cycle material diagram media products for living creatures for fourth grade elementary school students, (2) determine the effectiveness of living creature life cycle material diagram media products for fourth grade elementary school students, and (3) determine the practicality media product diagram material on the life cycle of living things for fourth grade elementary school students. The research model used is research and development (R&D). Based on this research, the results were: (1) the life cycle diagram media for living creatures was declared very valid with a percentage of 92.05%; (2) the life cycle diagram media for living creatures was declared very effective with a classical completion percentage of 90% in limited trials and 95% in extensive trials; and (3) the media for life cycle diagrams of living things is stated to be very practical with a teacher response percentage of 98.6%, student percentage gains in limited trials of 99.5% and student responses in extensive trials of 99.5%, so that the media can be said to be valid , effective, complete, and influential in improving student learning outcomes. Based on the results of this research, it was concluded that the media for life cycle diagrams of living creatures is valid and suitable for use as learning media for fourth grade elementary school students. Abstrak Pada pembelajaran IPA materi siklus hidup hewan kelas IV SDN Tarokan 3 guru belum menggunakan media pembelajaran. Dalam proses pembelajaran guru menggunakan metode ceramah yang menyebabkan siswa kurang aktif. Hal ini berdampak pada pemahaman siswa kurang terhadap materi siklus hidup hewan yang mengakibatkan lebih dari 50% siswa mendapatkan hasil belajar di bawah KKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui kevalidan produk media diagram materi siklus hidup makhluk hidup untuk siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, (2) mengetahui keefektifan produk media diagram materi siklus hidup makhluk hidup untuk siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, dan (3) mengetahui kepraktisan produk media diagram materi siklus hidup makhluk hidup untuk siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Model penelitian yang gunakan yaitu penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D). Berdasarkanpenelitian ini mendapatkan hasil (1) media diagram siklus hidup makhluk hidup dinyatakan sangat valid dengan presentase 92,05%; (2) media diagram siklus hidup makhluk hidup dinyatakan sangat efektif dengan presentase ketuntasan klasikal 90% pada uji coba terbatas dan 95% pada uji coba luas; dan (3) media diagram siklus hidup makhluk hidup dinyatakan sangat praktis dengan presentase respon guru 98,6%, perolehan presentase siswa pada uji coba terbatas 99,5% dan respon siswa pada uji coba luas 99,5%, sehingga media dapat dikatakan valid, efektif, tuntas, dan berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa media diagram siklus hidup makhluk hidup valid dan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar.Kata kunci:Pengembangan, Media Diagram Siklus Hidup Makhluk Hidup, Pembelajaran IPA

Analysis of pulse combustion processes and thermodynamic cycles in pulse combustors

This study explores the dynamic behavior of pulsating combustors during stable operation, examining pressure characteristics, flame dynamics, and thermodynamic cycles. Through analysis of pressure signal derivatives and high-speed photography, it unveils a distinctive counterclockwise thermodynamic cycle in these combustors, diverging from prior research. Crucial points in the combustion process, including zero-pressure points, valve timings, and flame ignition dynamics, were successfully identified. The research introduces a novel clockwise thermal cycle diagram based on ignition events and valve operations, providing real-time insights into combustion processes. Key findings include the identification of critical combustion process points, immediate flame ignition upon valve opening, and the introduction of an innovative thermal cycle diagram. The study's comprehensive approach, integrating pressure analysis, flame dynamics, and derivative curves, offers profound insights into the dynamics of pulsating combustors, furthering our understanding and providing avenues for optimization. Our comprehensive approach enhances the understanding of pulsating combustor dynamics and provides valuable insights for system improvement. The unconventional thermodynamic cycle underscores the novelty of our work. These findings are pivotal for enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing emissions, emphasizing the significance of further research and development in this field.

CYCLE DIAGRAM OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Link for citation: Yankovsky S.A., Lavrinenko S.V., Tsibulskiy S.A., Yankovskaya N.S., Gamov D.L. Cycle diagram of geothermal energy. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 122-136. In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to develop alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources in conditions of global warming. The development of geothermal energy will make it possible to produce thermal and electric energy without emissions of CO2 into the environment and reduce the dependence of the energy sector on hydrocarbon raw materials. The main aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the features of geothermal power plants, including the existing technologies for converting geothermal energy to provide consumers of electric and thermal energy. Objects: diagrams of geothermal power plants operating in different geographical and climatic conditions, as well as their working fluids. Methods: analytical review of thematic publications using the materials of the databases of the RSCI, Scopus and Web of Science, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of geothermal power plants for various indicators. Results. Currently, there are about 400 geothermal power plants in the world. The active development of geothermal energy is caused by environmental friendliness, low cost of energy produced, minimal operating costs, lack of dependence on atmospheric influences, and the absence of the need to burn fuel, etc. At the same time, most of the world's geothermal power plants use the energy of a geothermal source with a water temperature of 100–200 °C. Among the main thermodynamic cycles and thermal schemes implemented, it is possible to single out direct cycle geothermal power plants with one-stage and two-stage separation of a geothermal source, with direct supply of dry steam to the turbine, binary and combined versions. The analysis shows that direct cycle geothermal power plants have the lowest cost of installed electrical power due to the relative simplicity and high thermal efficiency, but require high parameters of a geothermal source. On the other hand, binary geothermal power plants have the highest unit cost, but can be implemented on geothermal sources with relatively low water parameters, which was the main reason for their greatest spread in the world. At the same time, the implementation of a binary geothermal power plant with a Organic Rankine сycle has a number of advantages compared to the thermodynamic cycles of Kalina, Stirling and Brighton, among which the main ones are relative ease of adaptation and application, as well as low maintenance costs.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Wall Chart Terhadap Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih

Wall charts are printed materials that show a location, usually in the form of a diagram or process cycle diagram. So that the wall chart looks more attractive to students or teachers, the wall chart is designed using a good color arrangement and proportion settings. The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of using wall chart media on student achievement and to find out how much influence the use of wall chart media has on increasing student achievement in science subjects. This study uses quantitative research using product moment correlation. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of wall chart media on increasing learning achievement, this is based on the results of data analysis obtained from respondents using the questionnaire method by applying it to the product moment correlation formula and the media wall chart has a large effect on learning achievement, this is based on the results of data analysis after consulting the r value interpretation table which states the value of r work is 0.751 in the range 0.600 to 0.800 with a high interpretation.

Facile synthesis of elemental sulfur-mediated fluorine-containing covalent triazine frameworks and their performance in lithium–sulfur batteries

The structure diagram of SFN-CTFs and the cycle diagram of SFN-CTF(1 : 2)-1 are presented.

THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MULTICOMPONENT OZONE-SAFE REFRIGERANTS

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the use of multi-component working bodies in throttle cooling systems of an open or closed cycle using the Joule-Thompson effect (cryocoolers). The use of multicomponent refrigerants makes it possible to obtain the required thermodynamic efficiency of the cooling cycle at low throttling pressure values of 1.5...2.0 MPa. This effect becomes possible due to the introduction of components with a higher boiling point into the composition of the working fluid. In order to obtain higher operational characteristics, irreversible losses in J-T cryocoolers must be analyzed and ways of their reduction determined. The thermodynamic analysis of the installation cycle and subsequent design of the heat exchange equipment of cryocoolers formulates the conclusion that in order to optimize the design of the heat exchange equipment of the installation, which consists in solving hydrodynamic and thermal problems, a careful determination of the thermophysical properties of mixed working bodies is necessary. It should be taken into account that the principle of additivity is not always possible to apply for different compositions. By choosing certain components of the working body and changing their mass composition, it is possible to obtain the necessary properties. On the basis of experimental studies conducted at Ltd «DNIPRO MTV», the main components of the refrigerant were determined. When using mixed refrigerants, their thermophysical and calorific properties are determined taking into account the polarity of the molecules and the mass amount of the components of the mixture. Methods for determining thermophysical properties were analyzed, proposed by generalizing dependencies for determining the caloric properties of mixed refrigerants. the main components of the refrigerant are determined, namely: methane CH4, ethylene С2Н4, propane С3Н8 and isobutane С4Н10. The peculiarity of these substances is that they belong to hydrocarbons of the alkane series and are characterized by different values of thermophysical parameters. When calculating the parameters of the throttling and heat exchange processes, it is necessary to determine not only the integral characteristics, but also their values ​​at certain parameters at the characteristic points of the process on the cycle diagram. Therefore, there is a need for obtained generalized dependencies both for individual components and for the mixture as a whole. With a significant number of options for parameters and components of the mixture, when determining the thermophysical properties of refrigerants, it is advisable to use empirical dependencies, where the values ​​of the coefficients are obtained by processing experimental data. Bibl. 15, Fig. 1, Tab. 1.

Global Recharge Data Set Indicates Strengthened Groundwater Connection to Surface Fluxes

AbstractGroundwater is an invaluable global resource, but its long‐term viability as a resource for consumption, agriculture, and ecosystems depends on precipitation recharging aquifers. How much precipitation recharges groundwaters varies enormously across Earth's surface, yet recharge rates often remain uncertain. Here we use a global synthesis of field‐estimated recharge across six continents to show that globally recharge first‐order follows a simple function of climatic aridity. We use this relationship to estimate long‐term recharge in energy‐limited systems outside of permafrost regions. Our aridity‐based recharge estimates are consistent with the global field data but, on average, double previous estimates of global models. Our higher recharge estimates are likely caused by preferential groundwater recharge and discharge occurring at grid scales finer than global models. The higher recharge estimates suggest that more groundwater contributes to evapotranspiration and streamflow than previously represented by global hydrological models and global water cycle diagrams.

Not Your Childhood Water Cycle

The USGS just debuted a complete remaking of the water cycle diagram—with humans as headliners.

Not Your Childhood Water Cycle

The USGS just debuted a complete remaking of the water cycle diagram—with humans as headliners.

Liquid Air Energy Storage Model for Scheduling Purposes in Island Power Systems

Moving towards clean energy generation seems essential. To do so, renewable energy penetration is growing in the power systems. Although energy sources such as wind and solar are clean, they are not available consistently. Using energy storage will help to tackle variability. Liquid air energy storage is gaining attention among different energy storage technologies, as it is a promising option for grid-scale energy storage. This paper presents a detailed mixed integer linear model of liquid air energy storage to be used in scheduling and planning problems. A comprehensive cycle diagram of different processes of liquid air energy storage is presented, and a model has been developed accordingly. Simulations of the proposed model are carried out for the power system of Tenerife island and compared with the basic models. Basic models overlook specific characteristics of liquid air energy storage systems, such as charging and discharging start energy. Results confirm that the use of simple models will lead to misleading conclusions and overestimate the economic benefits of liquid air energy storage.

The study of structural, optical and electrochromic properties of WO3:Co:Ni thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis

In this study, WO3:Ni (0 at.%, 10 at.%, 20 at.%, and 30 at.%) and WO3:Co20 at.%: Ni (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pyrolysis spray technique and then annealed at T = 500 °C. For the preparation of thin films, the initial solution of 0.1 M tungsten oxide and the precursors of nickel sulfate and 6-hydrate cobalt chloride were used. After preparing thin films, the effect of the presence of Ni impurities on the structural, morphology, optical and electrochromic properties of WO3:Ni and WO3:Co 20 at.%–Ni thin films was studied. The results of the X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of thin films after annealing has a polycrystalline structure with the combined phases of CoWO4, NiWO4, and W17O49 with monoclinic and hexagonal structures. As the amount of Ni impurities increases, the grain size of the WO3:Ni thin films increases and ranges from 8 to 36 nm. Also, for WO3 thin films:Co20 at.%:Ni, the CoWO4 and NiWO4 phases have been seen and the grain size was in the range from 35 to 39 nm. The voltametric cycle diagrams of WO3:Ni and WO3:Co20 at.%:Ni thin films showed that the electrochromic behavior improves with increasing nickel impurity. The morphology of the thin films was studied by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM). Also, the energy band gap of thin films with the addition of nickel and cobalt impurities was calculated using UV–Vis diagrams. The energy gap is decreased for both WO3:Ni and WO3:Co (20%):Ni thin films.

Unknotted Cycles

Noting that cycle diagrams of permutations visually resemble grid diagrams used to depict knots and links in topology, we consider the knot (or link) obtained from the cycle diagram of a permutation. We show that the permutations which correspond in this way to an unknot are enumerated by the Schröder numbers, and also enumerate the permutations corresponding to an unlink. The proof uses Bennequin's inequality.

The Analysis of the Use of Intercooler on a Multi Stage Cold Storage Simulator Toward the Compressor Work

Multistage type cold storage is a refrigeration machine required in an industry because it functions to store food products for a long time. Bali, as a world tourist destination, will rely heavily on this cooling system in preparing services for tourists, especially in the food and beverage sector. Multistage type cold storage is designed to reach the evaporator temperature below -30oC thus the used compressor performance must be able to produce maximum refrigeration effect. Two compressors placed in succession or connected in series complete this cold storage system, which is expected to achieve higher operating pressures. The temperature occurring due to the pressure increase on the second compressor will be anticipated by installing an intercooler aiming at preventing excessive heat or over heat during the compression. The extent to which the important role of the intercooler as a stabilizer of operating temperature in this cooling cycle will be shown in its working cycle with a Mollier diagram (P-h diagram). The data obtained during the operation of the multistage type cold storage is then transferred to the P-h diagram of R134A to determine the cycle diagram and the enthalpy which then determines the amount of COP, the maximum temperature achieved by the system, and its energy requirements. The calculation results obtained using the intercooler COP is 1.83, and the maximum temperature achieved is 67oC, and the energy consumption seen from the total entalphy difference due to compression work is 81 kJ/kg. Without using the intercooler, the system’s COP is 1.72 and the maximum temperature achieved is 94.9oC and 86 kJ/kg of energy consumption. The energy required for the operational becomes more eficient and the heat released to the environment is much less, therefore the multistage cold storage with intercooler can be categorized as an eco-friendly technology.

Learning-driven construction productivity prediction for prefabricated external insulation wall system

The recent shortage of young skilled laborers is one of the impending issues facing the global construction industry. To address these issues, the prefabricated external insulation system (PEIS) can be suggested as an alternative. However, before applying it to construction projects, a construction productivity analysis is difficult due to the complexity of simulation modeling and the absence of real data. Thus, this paper aims to develop a learning-based productivity prediction model for PEIS using machine learning. This describes a learning-based productivity prediction model for PEIS using machine learning and consists of three steps: (i) Establishment of data, (ii) Development of activity cycle diagram for PEIS, and (iii) Prediction model for productivity analysis. The prediction model has a precision rate of 99.09%. This paper contributes to the literature by developing the possibility of a quick analysis of construction productivity without real data through a machine learning approach.