Cybersickness Symptoms Research Articles

Immersive educational environments: psychophysiological aspect

This article is dedicated the discussion of possible psychophysiological and physiological responses of the child's body being in the immersive environment. The authors substantiate the feasibility of incorporating the technologies of virtual and augmented reality into a single immersive approach, which allows viewing these technologies from the perspective their potential impact upon sensory systems of the body (modalities) and the resulting physiological response. The environment itself should be interpreted as immersive, i.e. multimodal. Attention is given to the psychophysiological substantiation of the presence effect created by the immersive environment, as a mechanism for integration of sensory systems. The article analyzes the negative psychophysiological responses of the body as a possible manifestation of the symptoms of cybersickness. The article introduces the two main theories of this phenomenon and their potential contribution to the discussion of cybersickness, including its manifestation in in the educational process, and restrictions. The author describes a number of factors, which may be the cause for cybersickness among children. Particular attention is paid to the role of technical equipment (first and foremost, the image output devices) and software characteristics, which can affect the possible psychophysiological responses of the body.

Profiling of cybersickness and balance disturbance induced by virtual ship motion immersion combined with galvanic vestibular stimulation

Profile of cybersickness and balance disturbance induced by virtual ship motion alone and in combination with galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) remained unclear. Subjects were exposed to a ship deck vision scene under simulated Degree 5 or 3 sea condition using a head-mounted virtual reality display with or without GVS. Virtual ship motion at Degree 5 induced significant cybersickness with symptom profile: nausea syndrome > central (headache and dizziness) > peripheral (cold sweating) > increased salivation. During a single session of virtual ship motion exposure, GVS aggravated balance disturbance but did not affect most cybersickness symptoms except cold sweating. Repeated exposure induced cybersickness habituation which was delayed by GVS, while the temporal change of balance disturbance was unaffected. These results suggested that vestibular inputs play different roles in cybersickness and balance disturbance during virtual reality exposure. GVS might not serve as a potential countermeasure against cybersickness induced by virtual ship motion.

Analysis of Human Factors and Workloads in Earthquake Disaster Evacuation Simulations Using Virtual Reality Technology

Natural disasters are disasters caused by a series of events caused by nature. An earthquake is an earthquake or event that shakes the earth caused by a collision between the earth’s plates, volcanic activity, or the collapse of rocks in a mining area. In a disaster situation, evacuation of knowledge or procedures is very important to optimize the chances of disaster survivors while trying to save themselves. How many migration efforts have been made, for example through direct simulations, as well as print media facilities such as disaster response books, videos, etc. One technology that can make a scenario as if real is virtual reality (VR). VR can be used as a technology when carrying out disaster evacuation simulations to avoid or reduce risk when conducting live simulations. In this study will calculate the workload when using simulations using the SIM-TLX method with several conditions, cybersickness symptoms felt by participants, usability, and immersive in simulation applications. This research was conducted on participants who are experts in disaster response and amateur participants. the results of this study can be seen that the workload does not affect in all five conditions, about 60.42% of participants experienced headaches due to the use of VR, the SUS score obtained was 68.39 out of 100 and a PQ score of 3.95 out of 5.00 which means above average.

Quantitative measures of the visually evoked sensation of body movement in space (Vection) using Electrovestibulography (EVestG)

Vection is defined as an illusory self-motion sensation induced in stationary observers that can be experienced in a real/virtual world. Vection, as a result of immersion in virtual reality (VR) environments, can subsequently lead to a sense of inability to maintain postural control and cause cybersickness symptoms. The multisensory integration of visual and vestibular (balance) information plays a vital role in vection. The etiology of vection perception, as well as, the vestibular response change while experiencing vection is poorly understood. This study explores vestibular response change following vection in 20 individuals (10 females, 26.45 ± 4.40 (SD) years). Vection was induced in participants using an immersive VR roller-coaster. The vestibular response was measured simultaneously using a noninvasive method called Electrovestibulography (EVestG). The detected field potentials and the time intervals between the field potentials were extracted from the recorded EVestG signals corresponding to four segments of the VR roller-coaster trajectory namely Stationary, Up movement, Down movement, and slopes and turns (Mix). The results show that the Stationary segment is significantly different (P < 0.05) from other dynamic segments when the average field potential of the right and left ear are subtracted. Furthermore, the Stationary segment shows longer time intervals between field potentials compared to those of the other segments in the right ear. These observations suggest that the combined effect of the visually induced sensation of self-motion together with a concurrent/co-occurring stress/anxiety factor can affect the vestibular activity in an excitatory way. Increased excitatory vestibular activity implies increased feeling of imbalance and more likelihood of experiencing cybersickness by the participants.

Presence Promotes Performance on a Virtual Spatial Cognition Task: Impact of Human Factors on Virtual Reality Assessment

The use of virtual reality in spatial cognition evaluation has been growing rapidly, mainly because of its potential applications in the training and diagnosis of cognitive impairment and its ability to blend experimental control and ecological validity. However, there are still many grey areas on virtual reality, notably on the sense of presence and its complex relationship to task performance. Performance in VR is often suggested to be influenced by other human factors amongst which cybersickness, gender, video game experience and field dependence. Would an individual experiencing more presence systematically show better performance? This study aimed to be part of a framework of virtual reality as this question is fundamental for rigorous assessment and diagnostic, and particularly in the spatial cognition field. 48 healthy young subjects were recruited to take part in a virtual spatial cognition evaluation. Spatial cognition performance, along with their level of presence, cybersickness, video game experience, gender and field dependence, were measured. Matrix correlations were used, along with linear regressions and mediation analysis. Results show that presence promoted performance on the spatial cognition evaluation, while cybersickness symptoms hindered it, notably among women. The presence – performance relationship was not mediated by other human factors. Video game experience significantly predicted both sense of presence and cybersickness, the latter two being negatively correlated. Even if women experienced more negative symptoms than men, gender appears less informative than cybersickness and video game experience. Field dependence was not associated with any other variable. Results are discussed by confronting two theories of cognition (representational versus ecological), highlighting that virtual reality is not a simple transposition of reality but truly a new paradigm with its own biases favoring some individual more than others, and that some human factors have to be controlled for rigorous uses of virtual environments, particularly for spatial cognition evaluation.

Evaluating the Factors Affecting QoE of 360-Degree Videos and Cybersickness Levels Predictions in Virtual Reality

360-degree Virtual Reality (VR) videos have already taken up viewers’ attention by storm. Despite the immense attractiveness and hype, VR conveys a loathsome side effect called “cybersickness” that often creates significant discomfort to the viewers. It is of great importance to evaluate the factors that induce cybersickness symptoms and its deterioration on the end user’s Quality-of-Experience (QoE) when visualizing 360-degree videos in VR. This manuscript’s intent is to subjectively investigate factors of high priority that affect a user’s QoE in terms of perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. The content type (fast, medium, and slow), the effect of camera motion (fixed, horizontal, and vertical), and the number of moving targets (none, single, and multiple) in a video can be the factors that may affect the QoE. The significant effect of such factors on end-user QoE under various stalling events (none, single, and multiple) is evaluated in a subjective experiment. The results from subjective experiments show a notable impact of these factors on end-user QoE. Finally, to label the viewing safety concern in VR, we propose a neural network-based QoE prediction method that can predict the degree of cybersickness influenced by 360-degree videos under various stalling events in VR. The performance accuracy of the proposed method is then compared against well-known Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and existing QoE prediction models. The proposed method achieved a 90% prediction accuracy rate and performed well against existing models and other ML methods.

Clinical application of virtual reality to alleviate anxiety during oral surgery under local anesthesia

PurposeMany patients are frightened or anxious about outpatient oral surgery under local anesthesia. This anxiety is further heightened by the fact that their view is obscured by a cloth during the procedure. This study investigated whether the use of virtual reality (VR) alleviated the anxiety felt by patients who required oral surgery other than extractions under local anesthesia. Materials and methodsWe used VR to alleviate anxiety concerning surgical operation for patients undergoing oral surgery under local anesthesia. A questionnaire survey, including the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), was carried out to compare patients who used VR with those who did not. ResultsIn the VR group (50 patients, mean age 56.5 ± 14.2 years), the reported VAS score for intraoperative and preoperative anxiety significantly decreased by –20.4 ± 24.1 mm, whereas in the non-VR group (53 patients, mean age 51.8 ± 9.2 years), it increased by 12.6 ± 28.4 mm (p < 0.0001). On the five-point scale of the postoperative questionnaire, 80 % of patients in the VR group reported a reduction in anxiety, and 82 % stated that they were satisfied. No patient exhibited any symptoms of cybersickness. ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate that the use of VR significantly alleviated intraoperative anxiety during a variety of oral surgical procedures under local anesthesia. Since the majority of patients in this study were middle-aged and older, the results also confirmed that VR provides a sufficient anxiolytic effect in patients of this age.

Identifying Cybersickness When Wearing a Head-Mounted Display through Heart Rate Variability Data

Cybersickness is one of the common problems related to Virtual Reality (VR). The symptoms are classified into three categories: nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation. The purpose of this study is to identify cybersickness symptoms based on simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and physiological signal using heart rate variability (HRV) when wearing a head-mounted display. Fifteen participants performed a 15-min driving simulation task using head-mounted display. From the SSQ results, the most dominant category of cybersickness symptoms induced by participants are nausea and disorientation. The results showed a correlation between the nausea score and the high frequency (HF)/component of HRV (r=0.618, p=0.032) as well as the ratio of low and high frequency component (LF/HF) (r=-0.718, p=0.009). These findings confirm that the occurrence of nausea when wearing a head-mounted display is influenced by the activation of sympathetic nervous system.

The impact of different navigation speeds on cybersickness and stress level in VR

The aim of this research was to determine if the speed of movement in virtual environments has an impact on cybersickness as potentially experienced by an end user of the system. Cybersickness is a common side effect in virtual reality (VR) systems, shown to have a negative influence on user experience. It can be described as a mismatch between vestibular and oculomotor sensors, where a person has a feeling of movement even though there is none. In this research, we study the impact of different navigation speeds in VR on cybersickness, relying on both subjective ratings indicating cybersickness symptoms, and objective measures of stress level. We wanted to find out if there is a correlation between objective and subjective metrics used. For test purposes, we used the HTC Vive VR headset and scenery from the Talos Principle VR game (where subjects can easily shift between three different movement speeds). Subjective ratings were collected using a questionnaire involving 11 questions used to evaluate cybersickness symptoms. Objective metrics were collected using the Pip Biosensor. A total of 28 participants took part in the study, while 2 participants withdrew due to physical discomfort. Results obtained from the Pip device show no statistically significant difference between navigation speeds for relaxed, stressed, and steady states. Some statistically significant correlations were found between gender and stomach ache, need to vomit, and physical discomfort while wearing HMD. Furthermore, correlation was found between age and variables of nausea in transport vehicles and vertigo. Other correlations found are described in the results section of the paper.

Evaluating and redesigning virtual reality 'underwater tourism' application based on heuristic method

This study aimed at evaluating the application of VR e-Bahari in terms of the usability aspects. The method used to evaluate the usability of the semi-immersive VR applications was using the 12 heuristic rules proposed by Sutcliffe and Gault (2004) in order to provide suggestions and recommendations for improvements of the application, with considerations in the positions that would cause cyber-sickness symptoms. The study revealed that the application of VR e-Bahari had successfully represent underwater environment with excellent completeness of 3D objects that were needed well, such as coral reef, fish, underwater effect and lighting. However, the interaction between the users and applications was shown to be less natural, while sound effects and narrative information were inadequate and there was a lack of use of the navigation buttons on the application. The study thus recommend improving the application by improving the VR environment boundary, adding more navigation buttons, providing more information on each object and intensifying air bubble and impact effects. Further, test on positions of the head indicated that a quick up, down and rotating movements of the head would trigger symptoms of cyber-sickness, while users felt more comfortable using ANTVR compared to Google Cardboard.

EXPLORING OLDER ADULTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PRESENCE AND IMMERSION IN DIVERSE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

Virtual Reality (VR) holds great promise for enhancing the health, well-being, and skills of older adults. However, VR solutions must consider the age-related “digital divide;”many older adults have less experience and proficiency with a number of newer technologies, which may serve as a barrier. Older adults especially have less experience with virtual environments, an experience many younger adults have acquired through video gaming. This study compared younger and older adults’ perceptions of immersion and presence in a series of diverse virtual environments using the HTC Vive. Participants experienced a VR meditation task, “indoor" and “outdoor” navigation tasks, and a fast-paced action game. Importantly, younger and older adults reported similarly high experiences of immersion and presence within virtual environments, and contrary to expectations, older adults reported fewer symptoms of cybersickness. Results suggest VR as a promising tool to promote the health and well-being of older adults.

Camera Stabilization in 360° Videos and Its Impact on Cyber Sickness, Environmental Perceptions, and Psychophysiological Responses to a Simulated Nature Walk: A Single-Blinded Randomized Trial.

Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) technology has emerged as a valuable tool to environmental psychology research in general, and specifically to studies of human–nature interactions. However, virtual reality is known to induce cyber sickness, which limits its application and highlights the need for scientific strategies to optimize virtual experiences. In this study, we assessed the impact of improved camera stability on cyber sickness, presence, and psychophysiological responses to a simulated nature walk. In a single-blinded trial, 50 participants were assigned to watch, using a head-mounted display, one of two 10-min 360° videos showing a first-person nature walk: one video contained small-magnitude scene oscillations associated with cameraman locomotion, while in the other video, the oscillations were drastically reduced thanks to an electric stabilizer and a dolly. Measurements of cyber sickness (in terms of both occurrence and severity of symptoms), perceptions of the IVE (presence and perceived environmental restorativeness), and indicators of psychophysiological responses [affect, enjoyment, and heart rate (HR)] were collected before and/or after the exposure. Compared to the low-stability (LS) condition, in the high-stability (HS) condition, participants reported lower severity of cyber sickness symptoms. The delta values for pre–post changes in affect for the LS video revealed a deterioration of participants’ affect profile with a significant increase in ratings of negative affect and fatigue, and decrease in ratings of positive affect. In contrast, there were no pre–post changes in affect for the HS video. No differences were found between the HS and LS conditions with respect to presence, perceived environmental restorativeness, enjoyment, and HR. Cyber sickness was significantly correlated with all components of affect and enjoyment, but not with presence, perceived environmental restorativeness, or HR. These findings demonstrate that improved camera stability in 360° videos is crucial to reduce cyber sickness symptoms and negative affective responses in IVE users. The lack of associations between improved stability and presence, perceived environmental restorativeness, and HR suggests that other aspects of IVE technology must be taken into account in order to improve virtual experiences of nature.

Psychometric evaluation of Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and its variants as a measure of cybersickness in consumer virtual environments

Cybersickness, i.e. visually induced motion sickness, remains as a negative effect that is detrimental to the user experience of VEs (virtual environments) developed for VR (virtual reality) consumers. As the VR technology evolves, it is rather triggered by application aspects rather than hardware limitations. For this reason, there is still a need for a measurement method to assess and compare VEs for cybersickness effects.SSQ (Simulation Sickness Questionnaire) is used for measuring users’ level of sickness symptoms and is highly appreciated in VR research. However, it is criticized for its psychometric qualities and applicability in VR, as a measure of cybersickness. Recently, two variants of SSQ were offered for measuring cybersickness, CSQ (Cybersickness Questionnaire) and VRSQ (Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire). There is also another variant with a different factor structure, which we call FSSQ, that is based on French translation of SSQ.Our study compares SSQ and these variants for their psychometric qualities; construct validity, discriminant validity, internal reliability, test-retest reliability and sensitivity to distinguish application aspects of VEs that are related to cybersickness. Using a within-subjects experiment design, we evaluated 7 different VEs with 32 participants through 9 sessions, resulting with 288 responses to the 16-item SSQ. Results suggested that both VRSQ and CSQ were valid and reliable measures of cybersickness, as well as being sensitive to application aspects such as translational and rotational movements required by users for navigation in VEs. Compared to SSQ and FSSQ; the cybersickness questionnaires, CSQ and VRSQ, revealed better indicators of validity. On the other hand, we assume that the development of the two cybersickness scales had limitations in sample size to represent VR consumers and limitations in stimuli to represent the applications aspects of consumer VEs. We suggest further evaluation of cybersickness symptoms with larger samples and broader range of applications to identify the symptoms and the construct of a subjective measurement tool.

A study of cybersickness and sensory conflict theory using a motion-coupled virtual reality system

Sensory conflict theory explains that motion sickness in virtual reality (VR) systems can be caused due to the mismatch between visual and vestibular senses. This study examines whether coupling physical motions to visual stimuli in VR could reduce this discomfort. A motion-coupled VR system developed on a motion platform, providing vestibular cues to supplement visual roll from a head-mounted display (HMD), was used. Three conditions were tested: visual rotation only (stationary), visual-physical motion synchronised (synchronous), and vestibular motion with a self-referenced visual environment. Results show that when users are placed under a visual-vestibular synchronised condition, their subjective miserable score of cybersickness decreased while their comfort level of the overall experience increased. This indicates that a motion-coupled system, if integrated seamlessly in VR, could mitigate cybersickness symptoms.

Effect of economically friendly acustimulation approach against cybersickness in video-watching tasks using consumer virtual reality devices

BackgroundConsumer virtual reality (VR) devices are becoming more prevalent in the market, but cybersickness induced by VR devices limits their potential application and promotion. Acustimulation has been found effective in reducing cybersickness symptoms. However, in previous forms, the more effective way of acustimulation is either intrusive or electrical which is hard to be applied to daily VR use. PurposeIn this study, we aimed to find a both simple and more effective acustimulation approach, acupressure plus acupaste (AcP+) to reducing the adverse effects caused by cybersickness from VR applications. MethodIn this study, we set three conditions: acupressure plus acupaste (AcP+) (main condition of interest), acupressure with fake acupaste (AcP), and a no acustimulation condition (NoAcP). In AcP and AcP + conditions, we applied acupressure or acupressure with true acupaste on P6 point before conducting video-watching tasks using VR headsets, while in NoAcP condition, participants received no special treatment before video-watching tasks. We used questionnaires to measure symptoms of cybersickness and compared the results between these 3 conditions, especially between acupressure plus acupaste (AcP+) and acupressure (AcP) to examine the effect of AcP+, and compared AcP and AcP+ with NoAcP to confirm the effect of acustimulation. ResultParticipants reported significant fewer symptoms of cybersickness nausea feelings in both acustimulation methods, compared with NoAcP; and AcP+ was more effective than AcP against cybersickness on visual oculomotor aspect, and facilitated cybersickness recovery. ImplicationIt would be promising to develop acupressure equipment and apply stimulation before VR application to reduce cybersickness.

Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment.

BackgroundIn recent years, many studies have associated sedentary behavior in front of screens with health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Yet options for exergaming—playing video games that require rigorous physical exercise—seem to fall short of the physical activity levels recommended by the World Health Organization.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR)-based training system on cardiovascular and muscular parameters of young adults.MethodsA cross-sectional experiment design was used to analyze muscle activity (surface electromyography), heart rate, perceived exertion (RPE), cybersickness symptoms, perceived workload, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) in 33 participants performing two 5-minute flights on a new training device.ResultsParticipants’ performance of the planking position required to play the game resulted in moderate aerobic intensity (108 [SD 18.69] bpm). Due to the mainly isometric contraction of the dorsal muscle chain (with a mean activation between 20.6% [SD 10.57] and 26.7% [SD 17.39] maximum voluntary isometric contraction), participants described the exercise as a moderate to vigorous activity (RPE 14.6 [SD 1.82]). The majority reported that they enjoyed the exercise (PACES 3.74 [SD 0.16]). However, six participants had to drop out because of cybersickness symptoms and two because of muscle pain due to prior injuries.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that fully immersive VR training systems can contribute to muscle-strengthening activities for healthy users. However, the dropout rate highlights the need for technological improvements in both software and hardware. In prevention and therapy, movement quality is a fundamental part of providing effective resistance training that benefits health. Exergaming on a regular basis has the potential to develop strong muscles and a healthy back. It is essential that future VR-based training systems take into account the recommendations of sport and exercise science.

Don’t make me sick: investigating the incidence of cybersickness in commercial virtual reality headsets

The resurgence of interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for research and entertainment purposes has led to an increase in concerns about human factor issues inherent in VR technology. One issue that has received a great deal of attention from researchers and end users is cybersickness, which refers to a constellation of unpleasant physiological symptoms, such as nausea and dizziness, experienced as result of exposure to a virtual environment. While cybersickness is not a new issue, it is expected to become even more prevalent with the recent proliferation of commercially available VR headsets, such as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, underscoring the importance of investigating the prevalence of cybersickness while using these headsets. Accordingly, in two experiments, the current study examined whether cybersickness was a persistent issue in the state-of-the-art commercial-grade VR headsets and compared the incidence and severity of cybersickness across Oculus Rift CV1, HTC Vive and a desktop display. Consistent with prior work into head-mounted displays and cybersickness, results indicated that participants in the Oculus Rift CV1 and HTC Vive conditions experienced more severe cybersickness symptoms, when compared to those in the desktop display condition. Oculus Rift CV1 and HTC Vive did not significantly differ from each other and were comparable in the severity of cybersickness symptoms they induce. The current study demonstrated that cybersickness was still a prevalent human factor issue in such modern VR headsets as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, highlighting the importance of devising strategies to mitigate cybersickness in VEs.

Effects of displays on a direct reaching task: A comparative study of head mounted display and stereoscopic widescreen display

This study was conducted to investigate the virtual display effects on direct interaction performance metrics such as accuracy, task completion time, and comfort. Eighteen participants performed tapping (pointing) tasks in the coronal plane by directly reaching for tapping targets at three egocentric distance levels, with three indices of difficulty at each egocentric distance. The position data and severity of cybersickness symptoms were collected with a motion system and a symptom questionnaire, respectively. The results indicated that accuracy was higher with the stereoscopic widescreen display than with the head mounted display. However, no significant differences in task completion time, throughput, and cybersickness were observed between the two VR displays. In addition, increasing the egocentric distance improved accuracy and lengthened the task completion time, whereas increasing the task difficulty lengthened the task completion time but did not affect the accuracy. The findings are important and informative for users in choosing between the two virtual reality displays. Generally, the stereoscopic widescreen display can be recommended for tasks requiring high egocentric distance accuracy in the coronal plane. Furthermore, developers may refer to these findings in designing interfaces that allow a more natural way of interaction for users.

A comprehensive study of the affective and physiological responses induced by dynamic virtual reality environments

AbstractPrevious studies showed that virtual reality (VR) environments can affect emotional state and cause significant changes in physiological responses. Aside from these effects, inadvertently induced cybersickness is a notorious problem faced in VR. In this study, to further investigate the effects of virtual environments (VEs) with different context, three dynamic VEs were created. Each VE had a particular purpose: evoking no emotion in Campfire (CF), unpleasant emotions in Hospital (HH), and cybersickness symptoms in Roller Coaster (RC). We made use of objective measurements of physiological responses such as pupil dilation, blinks, fixations, saccades, and heart rate, as well as subjective self‐assessments via pre‐ and post‐VE session questionnaires. While previous studies investigate different subsets of these measures, our study makes a comprehensive analysis of them jointly in dynamic VEs. The results of the study indicate that cybersickness produced higher saccade mean speed, whereas unpleasant context caused higher fixation count, saccade rate, and pupil dilation. Moreover, CF decreased anxiety, whereas HH and RC increased it and they also decreased comfort. Participants felt cybersickness in all VEs even in CF which is designed to minimize the effects.

The Effect of Cybersickness of an Immersive Wheelchair Simulator

A key challenge that Immersive applications have to overcome is cybersickness. Cybersickness is particularly prevalent in dynamic applications such as vehicles simulators. The work presented here aims to understand the cause of cybersickness symptoms in an assistive technology (AT) application, the virtual wheelchair training simulator. This evaluation is performed in terms of errors made during experience and post-experience Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The performance metrics analyzed are time to complete the proposal task and number of collisions (errors/mistakes). The post-experience questionnaires (subjective measurements) collected the user’s experience in terms of simulator sickness by applying the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and immersion questions. The experiments were conducted with 10 participants. In terms of results, analysis of human factors reveals that the average cybersickness score is slightly higher for women compared to men. However, these differences were not statistically significant. There was an inverse correlation between cybersickness symptoms and task performance as well as between cybersickness symptoms and immersion.