Internet users’ cybersecurity psychology and cognition play an important role in their cybersecurity behavior. Taking 347 Chinese undergraduate students for example, this study assessed internet users’ cybersecurity judgment and its effect on cybersecurity behavior in the Eastern countries. Results showed that the average percentage correct of cybersecurity judgment was 63.62%, cybersecurity judgment had positive impact on cybersecurity behavior. Furthermore, gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between cybersecurity judgment and cybersecurity behavior, compared with female, cybersecurity judgment had more positive influence on male’ cybersecurity behavior.