Cybernetic Model Research Articles

Avaliação da comunicação do posicionamento estratégico: medição do impacto de uma marreta ou análise do envolvimento de uma neblina?

Considering the evaluation of communication of strategic positioning in organizations, given the complexity of the present day, is it feasible to continue using the traditional models of effects hierarchy? The effects of positioning communication can not be compared to the impact of a sledgehammer blow, but to a haze involving its potential customers. However, the models traditionally used to measure the effects of communication have linearity and unidirectionality, thus approaching the measurement of the impact of a sledgehammer, but not assessing the nuances of a mist. In this sense, based on the systemic view on communication, one can search in cybernetics the alternative models for the task of analyzing the involvement of the fog of the communication of the positioning. However, in terms of strategy, cybernetic models are closer to the configuration school than to the positioning school led by Porter. But considering that the first school sees the formation of strategy as a process of transformation, if the organization is in motion its positioning would also not be changeable? However, the present essay does not aim to find definitive answers to this or other questions that will arise during the text, but rather to allow in-depth reflections on the subject under discussion. In the end it will be up to the reader to decide whether it is better to continue measuring the impact of a sledgehammer or venturing into the mysteries of a fog.

Nonlinear analysis of cybernetic model for aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor. Static bifurcations

This article presents a nonlinear steady-state analysis of a continuous stirred tank bioreactor. The process of bioethanol production under aerobic conditions was analyzed. The kinetics of the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae microorganisms was described by the cybernetic model. This model includes metabolic reactions taking place in the biomass cells, which are a response to changes in the extracellular process environment. The dilution rate and the glucose concentration in the feed stream were used as bifurcation parameters. In both cases the performed analysis revealed the existence of multiple steady states areas and Hopf bifurcation points. The continuation of steady states, relative to the concentration of glucose in the feed stream, showed the presence of a rarely detected steady state branch, which was an isola. The numerical investigation was summerized in the form of a map which contains areas with biochemical reactions favoured by biomass cells. The map is made in a coordinate system of bifurcation parameters and illustrates perfectly the complexity of the model. In the opinion of the authors, it can be a very useful tool in planning the implementation of the process. It enables its proper targeting in the direction of activation of a specific metabolic reaction in the cells of microorganisms.

A cybernetic model of work-life balance through time

Answering a call for a more fully developed concept of work-life balance (WLB), we use person-environment fit and control theories to develop a model of WLB incorporating the work, family, and personal domains. We propose a cybernetic model which recognizes that individuals have a desired balance among the three domains that serves as a standard against which they compare their perceptions of WLB at any given point in time. Our cybernetic model suggests that individuals will seek to restore balance when a negative imbalance is perceived. Further we propose that role senders and resources in the domains, as well as anticipated future WLB and retrospective perceptions of WLB also affect desired balance and actions. We discuss the implications of the proposed model for future research and practice.

Analysis of Consumption on the Goods and Services Market in the Cybernetic Model of Selected Country

The paper analyses the consumption on the goods and services market in the cybernetic model of Czechia. The theoretical basis is given by the consumption function in the short-term, the macroeconomic multiplier of the two-sector economy and the cybernetic model with the goods and services market. All the above-mentioned theory is applied to the real conditions of the selected country, which is the Czech Republic.

Analysing Effect of Vehicle Lean Using Cybernetic Model of Motion Sickness

Objective and quantitative evaluation of ride comfort can be achieved owing to recent advances in cybernetic models. Therefore, we developed a mathematical model for analyzing motion sickness and utilized it to evaluate comfort in vehicle riding. It is known that the inclination of the head toward the gravito-inertial force (GIF) decreases the severity of motion sickness; this research focused on the motion sickness incidence (MSI) as an evaluation index for ride comfort. Thus, we hypothesized that those vehicles that have a function to tilt driver/passenger seats toward the GIF direction, which is called the lean function, decrease motion sickness and increase comfort. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the comfort of a four-wheeled vehicle with a lean function. It was revealed that by adding the lean function, the head could be tilted in the GIF direction; the MSI was calculated using the mathematical model and subjective motion sickness decreased. The correlation analysis of head-roll angular velocity and vehicle centrifugal acceleration suggested that drivers tilted their heads before the occurrence of the vehicle lateral acceleration.

The association between conative functioning of adolescents exposed to intimate partner violence and family dimensions of cohesion and adaptibility

B?ckground/Aim. Childhood exposure to various types of emotional, physical and sexual abuse in intimate partner violence (IPV) families is associated with difficulties in emotional and social adjustment, including conduct problems, internalized and externalized symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and: family system functioning (cohesion and adaptability), conative functioning of adolescents and risk of psychopathological symptomatology development. The specific aim of this study was to establish the mental hygiene and preventive measures in order to reduce the negative consequences of growing up in the IPV families. Methods. The study was done on a sample of 308 adolescents, aged 15?18 years, divided into the IPV group (n = 68 adolescents growing up in families with the IPV and exposed to IPV in which the violence was reported and processed), and the control group (n = 240 adolescents coming from families in which there was not found any type of violence or psychosocial pathology on the basis of the results obtained on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale?Revised (CPRS-R) Questionnaire. The Faces III scale of measurement was used for measuring the dimensions of family functioning, and Cybernetic model of conative dimensions of personality (CON-6) for conative functioning of adolescents. The data was processed by using the discriminate and linear regressive analysis. Results. The adolescents growing up in the families with the IPV and exposed to IPV showed the statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in conative functioning: psychosomatic ? = -.509, anxiety ? = -.393, aggressive ? = -.398, dissociative ? = -.509 and adaptive personality reactions ? = -.455, as compared to the control group. There was 32.35% of adolescents exposed to IPV who showed the pronounced pathological values regarding social-adaption reaction, 23.53% regarding pathological anxiety and 23.53% dissociative reactions. The greatest negative relationship was found between intimate partner violence and family dimension of cohesion (? = -0.605, p < 0.01). Conclusion. Adolescents growing up and being exposed to the intimate partner violence were significantly associated with changes in the conative functioning and risk of externalized and internalized symptoms development in socially-adaptive, anxiety and dissociative reactions and the need to introduce the preventive mental-hygienic measures. The mediator between IPV and conative functioning of adolescents was family cohesion.

FORMATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP MARKETING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF VIABLE SYSTEMS

The article deals with the main tools for managing the marketing interaction of the enterprise with different partners. The research of relationship marketing management at enterprises is important both in the theoretical and in practical terms. The purpose of the research is to improve the theoretical foundations of the formation of a general management system for relationship marketing for the enterprise and the main groups of subjects of the relationship, which takes into account the relationship with all groups of partners of the enterprise. The model of the relationship marketing management system of the enterprise is proposed based on the metodynamic apparatus of cybernetic modeling of viable systems. The management system for the enterprise’s marketing relationships is presented as a subject (metasystem) and an object of management (operating element), which is proposed as a management process of marketing interaction with major groups of partners. The system of inter-firm interaction, which reflects the formation of individual relationships with a specific partner, is presented. It allows us to coordinate the relationship between the company and each partner group, it also provides viable means of development and helps support long-term business relations and obtain synergistic effects from cooperation with partners. The system of total management of relationship marketing can be applied to any enterprises and organizations. This allows us to coordinate the relationship between the company and each partner group, it also provides viable means of development and helps support long-term business relations and obtain synergistic effects from cooperation with partners.

Development of the Viable System Model of Partner Relationship Management of the Company

This paper considers the main instruments for relationship management between the company and different partners. The purpose of the study is to improve the theoretical foundations of the development of a system of total relationship management of the company with the main groups of interaction actors, taking into account relationships with all groups of partners of the company. The model of the relationship management system of the company on the basis of methodical apparatus of cybernetic modeling of viable systems is proposed. The model of the relationship management system of the company is presented as an entity (a metasystem) and an object of management (operating element), which is proposed in the form of relationship management processes with main groups of partners. The system of inter-company interactions, which reflects the development of individual relationship with a certain partner, is presented. Based on the structural-level and metasystem approaches, key levels and structure of enterprise relationships are identified. Five levels of relationship between the company and its partners – element, component, subsystem, system-wide, and metasystem levels are identified. These levels are presented in the form of recursive structure of the viable model of relationship management system of the enterprise.

A Cybernetic Approach to Modeling Lipid Metabolism in Mammalian Cells

The goal-oriented control policies of cybernetic models have been used to predict metabolic phenomena such as the behavior of gene knockout strains, complex substrate uptake patterns, and dynamic metabolic flux distributions. Cybernetic theory builds on the principle that metabolic regulation is driven towards attaining goals that correspond to an organism’s survival or displaying a specific phenotype in response to a stimulus. Here, we have modeled the prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in mouse bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) cells stimulated by Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), using cybernetic control variables. Prostaglandins are a well characterized set of inflammatory lipids derived from arachidonic acid. The transcriptomic and lipidomic data for prostaglandin biosynthesis and conversion were obtained from the LIPID MAPS database. The model parameters were estimated using a two-step hybrid optimization approach. A genetic algorithm was used to determine the population of near optimal parameter values, and a generalized constrained non-linear optimization employing a gradient search method was used to further refine the parameters. We validated our model by predicting an independent data set, the prostaglandin response of KLA primed ATP stimulated BMDM cells. We show that the cybernetic model captures the complex regulation of PG metabolism and provides a reliable description of PG formation.

On Messages

In this paper, I discuss the concept of a ‘message’ as applied to the different forms of communication: between man and machine, between machine and machine and between man and man. The term ‘message’ can refer to a relatively simple cause and effect interaction. An example is the transmission of a mechanical signal that, when decoded by a receiving system, triggers a standard response. It can also refer to the much more subtle and complex case where recipients construct meanings on the basis of the messages they receive. I contend that it is only in this latter case that we can properly refer to the interaction as a ‘conversation’. In the paper I present cybernetic models of these two usages. I relate the abstract discussion to current developments concerned with man-machine interaction and the development of a ‘global brain’.

Consistency of cybernetic variables with gene expression profiles: A more rigorous test.

Diauxic growth of Escherichia coli is driven by a host of internal, complex regulatory actions. In this classic scenario of cellular control, the cell employs a rational algorithm to modulate its metabolism in a competitive fashion. Cybernetic models of metabolism, whose development now spans three decades, were first formulated to describe regulation of cells in complex, multi-substrate environments. They modeled this scenario using the hypothesis that the formation of the enzymatic machinery is regulated to maximize a return on investment. While this assumption is made on the basis of logical arguments rooted in evolutionary principles, little effort has been taken to validate if enzymes are truly synthesized in the same fashion that is predicted by cybernetic variables. This work revisits the original cybernetic models describing diauxic growth and compares their predictions of enzyme synthesis control with time series gene expression data in microarray and qRT-PCR formats. Three separate studies are made for two different strains of E. coli. The first is for the growth of E. coli BW25113 on a mixture of glucose and acetate, whose gene expression changes are metered by microarray. Another is also for the sequential consumption of glucose and acetate but involves strain MG1655 and employs qRT-PCR. The final is for E. coli MG1655 on glucose and lactose. By demonstrating how cybernetic variables for induced enzyme synthesis mimic the behavior of transcriptional data, a strong argument for using cybernetic models is made. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:858-867, 2018.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN MECHANISTIC AND CYBERNETIC CONCEPTS OF HUMAN BEING

There are discussed two models of human reactions to stimuli from the environment. In the mechanistic model, the decision-making process is determined and triggered by internal power, and this is fueled by the acquisition of external goods. In the cybernetic model, man is an autonomous system, i.e. equipped with so-called homeostat, which regulates the processing of information from outside, according to his own purpose to influence the environment. Both models are compared in terms of the effect of the decision. While the man-machine regulates the state of the environment in overcoming conflict in it, the man-autonom has a wider field of action to modify the state of the environment, according to his own goal. In both models, however, there is no room for a value system that motivates the decision-making process.

Optimal design of dynamic experiments in the development of cybernetic models for bioreactors

Cybernetic models of bioreactors are appealing due to their capacity to account for regulatory mechanisms in cell metabolism by modeling the synthesis of enzymes and their activities. For a given objective of interest, experimental data used to fit the cybernetic model parameters should be maximally informative. To excite purposefully the most relevant metabolic pathways, a dynamic experiment is designed by accounting for the sensitivity of the chosen objective to time-varying operating conditions. In this work, the bioreactor feeding profile and sampling times are designed to maximize the information content. A Bayesian optimization approach is proposed to solve the resulting mathematical program. As a case study, biomass production is used as the objective to be maximized in fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing on glucose as a carbon source. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach helps to iteratively improve a cybernetic model by designing experiments that maximize the information content.

Academia and the World Brain

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the role of academia in broader society. What is academia’s role beyond being a business and providing qualified professionals to other businesses? What kind of organization and ethos is consistent with academia’s proper role in society, considered as a higher-order cognitive system?Design/methodology/approachSociety as a whole is modeled as a viable system, with subsystems dedicated to self-production in the here and now (systems 1-3) and subsystems engaged in exploring the outside and future of the system and in consolidating an identity and an ethos (systems 4 and 5). The role, ethos and proper organization of academia are derived from this model and from cybernetic considerations on the proper architecture of system 4 and system 5 cognitive systems.FindingsTo fulfill its role as part of society’s system 4 and system 5, academia must include areas that are sometimes considered redundant or an expensive luxury, such as the humanities or basic research. The humanities must strive to catalyze broad community participation as part of their contribution to system 5 and must strive to produce bridge languages between communities and disciplines to increase the connectivity of the World Brain. The publish-or-perish ethos of academia must be replaced by an erotic spirituality, understood as desire for otherness.Originality/valueThis paper integrates broad philosophical considerations on the role of academia with the use of cybernetic models of viable systems and of distributed cognition, yielding practical guidelines for the organization of academia.

Имитационная модель прогноза поведения субъектов взаимодействия социума

The paper presents the methods of functional modeling of the forecasted vital activity of social systems. The approach that uses cybernetic models (at the stages of pairing intersubjective associations of the perception cycle), hypothesis formation methods, and methods of formalizing the behavior of a social system in the form of feedback control models is proposed. The proposed method provides new opportunities for conducting simulation experiments in a wide range of changes in various areas of society (administrative, environmental, social, political): taking into account the simulated estimates of variables, and those characterizing them, one can get useful information about the integrated state of the system in conditions of information uncertainty, establish the dynamics of their change. The sphere of social interaction of the subjects of relations (power, society, individual) is structured and the basic areas for studying the social stability of society are identified.

Effect of cosubstrate on xylitol production by Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413: A cybernetic modelling approach

Abstract The growth of Debaryomyces nepalensis on mixed substrates in batch culture follows diauxic pattern of completely utilizing glucose during the first exponential growth phase, followed by an intermediate lag phase and a second exponential growth phase consuming xylose. The present study deals with the development of a cybernetic mathematical model for prediction of xylitol production in the presence of co-substrate. To experimentally validate the model, defined media supplemented with different concentration of co-substrate were tested and compared with production on single carbon source. High xylitol yield of 0.73 g g−1 was achieved when supplemented with 10 g L−1 of glucose in the xylose-rich media. The proposed model could adequately describe the diauxic growth, sequential utilization of substrates and production of xylitol under various ratio of co-substrate. The model could be used as a tool to assess the influence of co-substrate (glucose) concentration added to the media on xylitol production.

The Methodological Basis of Ontological Documentary Information Modeling

This article discusses some ontological properties that determine the possibilities of structural representation and processing of the meaning of documentary information. The concept frameworks for constructing a typified taxonomy of objects and top-level ontology relationships are proposed on the basis of analyzing object lifecycle processes and using the functional cybernetic model of an elementary process.

CSR activities of a Japanese company operating in India - strong or weak sustainability: a theory testing of a Cybernetic model

The first objective of the study is to shed light on why Toyota in India achieves a high ranking in CSR ratings. We analyse this by applying the cybernetics model to Toyota's CSR activities. The second objective is to determine whether Toyota adopts a strong or weak approach to sustainability; this objective is studied using in-depth interviews and a structured questionnaire of Toyota's CSR stakeholders. The results indicate that Toyota takes a holistic approach, as opposed to a stakeholder approach, to its CSR and adopts strong sustainable business practices. Toyota is found to follow most of the components of the cybernetic model. Rather than placing the company at the centre of the stakeholder model, the management of Toyota responds to the requirements of its environment by placing societal development at the top of its list of objectives. Whilst this study indicates that Toyota adopts a strong approach to sustainability, we cannot unequivocally claim that the cybernetic approach furnishes a better management model than the stakeholder approach. However, this paper provides a framework for illustrating the way in which a company might grow in terms of CSR and sustainable development.

CSR activities of a Japanese company operating in India - strong or weak sustainability: a theory testing of a Cybernetic model

The first objective of the study is to shed light on why Toyota in India achieves a high ranking in CSR ratings. We analyse this by applying the cybernetics model to Toyota's CSR activities. The second objective is to determine whether Toyota adopts a strong or weak approach to sustainability; this objective is studied using in-depth interviews and a structured questionnaire of Toyota's CSR stakeholders. The results indicate that Toyota takes a holistic approach, as opposed to a stakeholder approach, to its CSR and adopts strong sustainable business practices. Toyota is found to follow most of the components of the cybernetic model. Rather than placing the company at the centre of the stakeholder model, the management of Toyota responds to the requirements of its environment by placing societal development at the top of its list of objectives. Whilst this study indicates that Toyota adopts a strong approach to sustainability, we cannot unequivocally claim that the cybernetic approach furnishes a better management model than the stakeholder approach. However, this paper provides a framework for illustrating the way in which a company might grow in terms of CSR and sustainable development.

Model-based State Estimation Based on Hybrid Cybernetic Models

Biotechnological processes still represent a challenge for process optimization and automation as the data landscape consists of unavailable, inaccurate, delayed or missing measurement information. As a first step towards automation of biotechnological processes, methods have to be refined for estimating the unknown states with an acceptable precision, using a mathematical model of the system. Due to the technological advances, knowledge and computational powers are constantly increasing so that models of a higher complexity and predictive quality are now available. Hybrid cybernetic models offer a flexible, yet detailed description of the biotechnological process under consideration. They connect the nonlinear system dynamics to the metabolic information of the organism and allow to consider cell internal regulations. In this work we explore if this class of models can be successfully applied for realtime process monitoring. We do this by evaluating the performance of two commonly used state estimators, an unscented Kalman filter and a moving horizon estimator, which both use a hybrid cybernetic model to observe the non-linear process of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production in the organism Cupriavidus necator. To our knowledge this is the first time that this class of models is used for model-based process observation.