Cybercrime Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Cyber Crimes Between 2000-2023

The increasing use of internet-based technologies and computer networks, which grow and develop daily, has brought problems. A new type of crime called cybercrime has emerged and is committed through computers. There are various research and studies on cyber crimes. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of studies on the keywords "Cyber Crimes", "Internet Crimes" and "Computer Crimes" indexed in Web of Science between 2000 and 2023. This study aims to reveal the scientific map of research and studies on cybercrimes, make sense of the data, understand the current situation, trends, and relationships in this field, and create a resource for future cybercrime studies. Bibliometric analyzes were performed using Bibliometrix and Microsoft Excel programs. A total of 2566 studies by 5590 different authors were determined to be used in the research. Jaishankar, K. was the most prolific writer with 21 articles. University College Dublin was the university with the most publications, with 56 articles. IEEE Access became the most-published journal with 151 articles. The most cited work is Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber Wars by Farwell, JP, and Rohozinski, R. Bibliometric analysis results such as most used keywords, including the most influential and productive countries, authors, universities and journals in the field of cybercrime are included. In studies on cybercrime, the relationships and collaborations between countries and authors are presented with visuals.

The evolution and formation mechanism of the spatial distribution of cyber fraud offenders in China

The evolution and formation mechanism of the spatial distribution of cyber fraud offenders in China

A novel cyber threat intelligence platform for evaluating the risk associated with smart agriculture

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has brought about a profound transformation in our daily lives and work environments. However, this proliferation has also given rise to significant security challenges, as cybercriminals increasingly target IoT devices to exploit vulnerabilities and gain access to sensitive data. This escalating threat landscape poses a severe issue across diverse domains where IoT is deployed, including agriculture, healthcare, and surveillance. In the realm of agriculture, where farmers have historically contended with pests and environmental challenges, a new adversary has emerged in the form of cyber criminals. The agriculture sector has witnessed a surge in cyber-attacks targeting smart agriculture solutions despite being a relatively recent addition to the industry. Farmers may not have control over the actions of cyber adversaries, but they possess the ability to make informed purchasing decisions when adopting smart farming solutions and implementing fundamental security measures, such as robust user credentials and regular system updates. In this regard, this research introduces a groundbreaking approach to addressing the cybersecurity concerns associated with smart agriculture–deception technology. Overall, deception technology involves the creation of deceptive elements, including decoys, traps, and false information, designed to divert cybercriminals away from genuine data and systems where this research presents a novel cyber threat intelligence platform that leverages deception technology to assess and mitigate the risks associated with smart agriculture as the first of its kind research. Based on the insights derived from the experimental work, actionable recommendations would be provided to relevant stakeholders on how to mitigate cyber risks and bolster the security posture of IoT-enabled smart agriculture. Overall, this innovative approach represents a significant step towards safeguarding the increasingly interconnected world of smart agriculture, offering a promising avenue for defending against the escalating cyber threats faced by this vital industry.

EDUKASI KEAMANAN SIBER DI KOMUNITAS YOUNG OZER INDONESIA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURANGI RISIKO TINDAK KEJAHATAN SIBER

The large number of cases of cyber attacks encourages the need for more substantial efforts to understand and overcome them. For this reason, education is needed to increase awareness of cybersecurity threats and reduce the risk of cybercrime. This community service activity is carried out in the Young Ozzer Indonesia community through education and discussions regarding Cyber Crime and cyber security, including email, smartphones and social media. The results of the community service activities are increased knowledge, understanding and awareness of participants regarding cyber security. The increasing knowledge is measured from the post-test results, which show an increase in the scores obtained by participants after the education was carried out; namely, 10 out of 11 (91%) of the participants got a score of 60 or more, and only 1 participant got a score of 50.

Cyber fraud (CF) in banking: a dual-layer, blockchain-enabled approach for prevention and managerial response

PurposeThis study addresses the growing cyber risks of banks by proposing an innovative, end-to-end dual-layer blockchain-based cyber fraud (CF) response system that integrates Safeguard (SG) and Block guard (BG) mechanisms. The comprehensive solution offers an actionable framework for bank managers to mitigate CFs by prioritizing fraud detection, leveraging early warning signals (EWS), and implementing tailored, need-based control measures before, during, and after a fraud event.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a multi-method approach, beginning with an extensive literature review on fraud identification, assessment, and prevention strategies. A theoretical framework is constructed to support the proposed SG and BG measures. Machine learning-based data analysis, using Artificial Neural Networks, is employed to dynamically assess the severity of CFs in real time. A managerial action plan for each phase of the fraud lifecycle is presented.FindingsThe research underscores the necessity for an adaptable, dual-layered response system that transitions from reactive to proactive and predictive mitigation strategies. The study introduces a novel approach incorporating SG and BG mitigation measures, enabling managers to detect early warning signals and implement robust post-fraud interventions.Practical implicationsThe dual-layer approach enhances the sector's resilience to CFs by providing a robust, adaptive framework for fraud prevention and mitigation. This approach helps maintain stability, SG the bank's reputation, and improve overall risk management practices.Originality/valueThis study is unique in its development of an integrated SG and BG response system, combining machine learning, blockchain technology, early warning signals, and a structured before-during-after fraud control model. The research also highlights the critical role of bank managers in implementing and overseeing this innovative response system.

Challenges Faced by the Judiciary in Implementing Cybersecurity Laws in Pakistan

Due to the inherent growth of technological elements, today’s world of governance, commerce, and societies has been revolutionized, opening new vistas of opportunity as well as new horizons of cyber security threats. Fraud such as hacking, identity theft, and ransom ware are important threats that are knowledgeable about to personal and business associations and the government. In Pakistan, law enforcement agencies and the judiciary are overwhelmed with inadequate resources lack of training, and technical knowledge. However, the institutions operating in the country still face legislative gaps and enforcement challenges even after the passing of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 means. The paper deals with Pakistan's situation concerning cyber security enhancement judicial practices and legislation and compares it to the United States’ strategic enhancement in the security domain. There are some leading projects like the National Judicial Automation Program and e-Courts, but still, it seems there are a lot more systems problems and no significant digital forensics available in the judiciary of Pakistan. The comparative analysis indicates that Pakistan needs to reform its laws, train its judges specialized in cybercrime and look for international cooperation when it comes to fighting transnational criminals engaged in cybercrimes. The importance of increasing the level of protection in cyberspace is highlighted by raising public awareness or engaging private structures. This research stresses the need to mitigate cyber security threats through legal, organizational, and social change. From best practices and international collaboration so that Pakistan can better address the issue, increase the capacity of its judicial system in combating cyber threats, and protect its critical IT assets. The actual findings of the research include ways to improve the efficiency of Courts, protect digital rights, and strengthen the governance of cyber security in the country.

Phishing Site Detection Using Machine Learning and NLP for Robust Online Security

In the respect of electronic security, phishing attacks constitute a serious hazard when creating cleaver mockup for the website from where it is easy to catch sensitive information from user's records. Traditional detection schemes, such as blacklisting and heuristics, are very weak since most of these time-honored schemes are useless to track and unfortune the berries of phisher mounds against the trial tactics that are morphing into more sophisticated approaches. Such also happen to concern the fact that, with increasing cyber crime, heuristics and blacklists are unlikely to replace or even complement one another. However, the study explains the proposed security through NLP-Machine Learning paradigm in substantial terms in order to clearly illuminate and perfect the presentation of its own publications, so to speak. Venishable bits of professional insights are cited, compared, and conferenced with key findings that were currently made available in order to sketch the questionnaire and the role of the research conducted in enhancing best phishing detection in real time and enhancing cybersecurity.

Examining the Contours and Challenges of National Cybercrime Reporting Portal in Countering Digital Financial Frauds

Digitalization and ease of financial transactions have spurted a ubiquitous rise in cybercrimes. In 2021, 60.8 per cent of reported cybercrime cases registered were for the motive of fraud. To tackle mounting digital financial fraud complaints, the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal was created by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre and the Ministry of Home Affairs. The portal is an integrated platform where stakeholders, such as law enforcement agencies, banks, financial intermediaries and others, are connected to prevent the outflow of money from the system, as money once out of the system becomes untraceable and non-retrievable. The portal enables requests to be sent to identified stakeholders by law enforcement authorities to block financial transactions or create a lien on the disputed money while the money is with them. The article has been written against the backdrop of Herbert Packer’s two models of the criminal process, describing two competing goals that underlie criminal legal regimes: the crime-control model and the due process model. As crime is committed in cyberspace and technology is developed to counter it, often the urgency of resolving the crime and the opacity surrounding the technology, blur the lines of permissible and impermissible actions. The article argues that this technical solution created for tackling digital financial frauds is far from perfect, and, at best, a quick fix while larger, looming questions remain unanswered. Through a series of high court cases, the article brings forth how due process requirements are often sidelined in favour of the more immediate goal of crime control in the guise of this PoliceTech, even as questions of the efficiency of the tech remain unaddressed. Nonetheless, the article recommends reforms to ensure the safe deployment of PoliceTech in India, minimize public harm and create accountability for misuse of harms arising from technology.

Application of Computer Technology in Martial Arts Short Weapons Training

In the era of rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technology, we should deeply integrate advanced technologies from the computer field, such as motion capture, virtual reality simulation, and intelligent assistive teaching, with martial arts short weapons training. By empowering police training with technology, we aim to comprehensively enhance their professional competence and combat capabilities. In the face of increasingly complex criminal tactics, such as high-tech cyber fraud and street violence, the police, as a solid line of defense for maintaining social stability and ensuring public safety, face a crucial and urgent need to strengthen their professional competence. Martial arts short weapons, as a martial arts combat form that combines both offensive and defensive techniques, highlight their unique value in this context. Through a comprehensive application of research methods including literature analysis, empirical research, case studies, and expert interviews, this paper delves into the characteristics, advantages, and potential value of integrating computer technology with martial arts short weapons for practical combat training in enhancing police professional competence. The study reveals that the highly intensive combative environment trains participants' mental resilience and enhances their ability to cope with various psychological pressures; it also strengthens their offensive and defensive awareness, proficiency in handling police equipment, and tactical awareness. Therefore, increasing resource investment is the foundation for improving the effectiveness of martial arts short weapons training, utilizing computer technology to optimize training methods is the key to enhancing training quality, enhancing the integration with practical combat is an important goal of martial arts short weapons training, and strengthening the application and integration of technology is a significant trend in martial arts short weapons training.

Achieving Excellence in Cyber Fraud Detection: A Hybrid ML+DL Ensemble Approach for Credit Cards

The rapid advancement of technology has increased the complexity of cyber fraud, presenting a growing challenge for the banking sector to efficiently detect fraudulent credit card transactions. Conventional detection approaches face challenges in adapting to the continuously evolving tactics of fraudsters. This study addresses these limitations by proposing an innovative hybrid model that integrates Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques through a stacking ensemble and resampling strategies. The hybrid model leverages ML techniques including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Logistic Regression (LR) alongside DL techniques such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) with attention mechanisms. By utilising the stacking ensemble method, the model consolidates predictions from multiple base models, resulting in improved predictive accuracy compared to individual models. The methodology incorporates robust data pre-processing techniques. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of the hybrid ML+DL model, particularly in handling class imbalances and achieving a high F1 score, achieving an F1 score of 94.63%. This result underscores the effectiveness of the proposed model in delivering reliable cyber fraud detection, highlighting its potential to enhance financial transaction security.

Cyber crimes and mechanisms to confront them - The United Arab Emirates as à model

Cyber crimes and mechanisms to confront them - The United Arab Emirates as à model

Lethal empowerment and electronic crime: A focus on radio-frequency interference capabilities

This article focuses on the capabilities of criminals in using radiofrequency interference (RFI) devices to target systems that use the Global Positioning System (GPS). Surveying over a 22-year period during which GPS has been widely used by many industries, it seeks to understand how the electronic threat has evolved and changed. Focusing on the accessibility, usability, effectiveness, versatility, transportability, and concealability of RFI devices, and utilising a number of sources from engineering disciplines, hacker events, and media pieces, it argues that the more reliant we are on GPS, the more threat actors’ target choices and means, ends, and, indeed, motivations for targeting systems will expand, elevating the risks to GPS users. This article finds that arguably some of the most disagreeable actors have elevated from unsophisticated to semi-sophisticated in the space of 20 years, and can target systems cheaply, easily, and effectively. In the space of two decades, the combination of war, the expansion of digitalisation, the commercialisation of military systems, and the demand and supply that feeds technological innovations, have left us with an entirely different threat picture.

An Analysis the Legal and Ethical Implications of Forensic Evidence in Pakistan

This study aims to analyses the compliance of the legal measures in Pakistan and mainly the Qanun-e-Shahadat Ordinance 1984, the Criminal procedure code (CrPc) and the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016. This is in relation to efficiency and drawbacks in the existing legal regarding the expansion admissibility, treatment, and storage of forensic evidence and challenges involved in ethical consideration of reliability of forensic technologies, experts and possibly malicious use. Employing the quantitative method of research consisting of surveys and semi-structured interviews, the study collects data from 30 legal professionals in Pakistan, including judges, lawyers and public prosecutors of Multan and Lahore divisions. The findings are therefore a comparative review with what is allowed in other countries and possible shortcomings in the current system besides giving directions for legal, ethical, and procedural changes wanted in the analysis of forensic evidence. In this regard, the research aims to contribute to improve credibility, fairness, and efficiency of the forensic practices in Pakistan. In conclusion, it is the hope of this research to add a positive anemographic value in the calls for reform and enhancement of forensic practices with the evidence to continue to be credible and properly dealt with in the legal process.

Spam and Phishing Whatsapp Message Filtering Application Using TF - IDF and Machine Learning Methods

The rapid development of communication technology has led to an increase in the number of unwanted messages, such as spam and phishing attempts. However, this progress has not been accompanied by sufficient user awareness of the basics of technology use. Additionally, the enforcement of laws regarding internet-based crimes remains unclear, further increasing the risk for users of internet technology to fall victim to such crimes. As one of the media prone to spam and phishing, WhatsApp is the focus of this research, which aims to develop an application capable of filtering spam and phishing messages. The application employs the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) method and machine learning using the Random Forest model. It is developed using the MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architecture, enabling the separation of business logic from the user interface, thereby improving development and maintenance efficiency. The research findings demonstrate that the combination of TF-IDF and Random Forest achieves high accuracy in classifying spam and phishing messages. Performance evaluation using a confusion matrix reveals an accuracy rate of 92%. For the safe message class, the precision, recall, and F1 scores are 89%, 95%, and 92%, respectively, while for the dangerous message class, the scores are 95%, 88%, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the integration of the model and application performed exceptionally well, as evidenced by black-box testing results. All test scenarios were met, successfully detecting test messages with 98% accuracy. Therefore, the developed application provides enhanced protection for WhatsApp users against digital threats.

‘To whom am I speaking?’; Public responses to crime reporting via live chat with human versus AI police operators

ABSTRACT Driven by social and technological change and the imperative to enhance efficiency, police have in recent years adopted various technologies to transform their interactions with the public. In the UK, these initiatives often fall under ‘transformation’ agendas, promoting ‘channel choice’ strategies to facilitate public interactions through various technologically mediated platforms, such as reporting crimes online using form-based or chat functions. Artificial Intelligence already plays a role in some of these interactions, which is likely only to increase in the future. In this study we examine preferences and perceptions in online crime reporting. Participants read a fictitious ‘chat’ between a victim of crime and a police operator identified as either a human or a chatbot. Although the chats were identical, we find a consistent preference for human operators over chatbots across all scenarios. Human operators were thought to provide clearer explanations, although there were no significant differences in judgements of interpersonal treatment or decision neutrality between human and chatbot operators. Participants also responded more positively to the process when (a) the crime involved was less serious and (b) when the outcome was active (police attendance) rather than passive (simple recording). Our findings underscore the importance of procedural justice and communication clarity in online crime reporting systems – and perhaps of human interaction when reporting crimes.

Electronic Fraud in the United Arab Emirates Legislations

Objective: Electronic Fraud is deemed one of the crimes that has been occurring frequently at work recently. The perpetrator uses fraudulent methods or takes false Names or incorrect data to deceive the victim through an electronic information system, pushing him to give up or hand over particular property or money. Method: This paper relied mainly on a descriptive approach to examine Electronic Crimes and Fraud crimes in addition to studying some legal frameworks that regulate the Crime of Electronic Fraud. Results and Discussion: Electronic fraud crimes have been uniquely featured in how they have been committed, and therefore, they have to be confronted with unique punitive and procedural texts. There is no doubt that Perp, detractors through the use of information technology, can quickly and conveniently reach an unlimited number of people and trick them into fraudulent traps without having any previous acquaintance with them. Besides, a Perpetrator can commit his crime from anywhere and defraud any person anywhere, as Modern Electronic means easily transcend any boundaries. Research Implications: Inns give Perpetrators Courage and a Feeling of Safety while they commit their crimes; because their Personality and Location are entirely unknown, it is difficult to establish evidence for committing the Crof their Punishment. Originality/Value: In the current Paper, we shall attempt to address Electronic Fraud Crime in terms of its Legal Structure and the prescribed Penalties by the Criminal Model as stipulated in Article No. 40 of Federal Law No. 34 of 2021, which regards the Combat of Rumors and electronic Crimes.

Fraud as Legitimate Retribution for Colonial Injustice: Neutralization Techniques in Interviews with Police and Online Romance Fraud Offenders

ABSTRACT This qualitative research examines the phenomenon of online romance fraud, exploring it from contrasting perspectives. The study engaged two distinct groups of participants: (1) fraudsters actively involved in online romance scams (commonly referred to as “Sakawa Boys”) and (2) police officers with experience in investigating and policing internet crimes. We explore the usefulness of neutralization techniques in interpreting data within the cultural context of individuals’ subjective experiences. Thematic analysis of data reveals that both offenders and police officers employ certain neutralization techniques, such as denial of responsibility, condemnation of the condemners, and appeals to higher loyalties, to justify their conduct. In particular, online romance offenders invoke higher loyalties, rationalizing their actions as reparative justice for colonial exploitation and framing their fraud as a means of reclaiming wealth unjustly taken during colonial rule. The findings suggest that participants perceive the enduring legacy of colonialism as a key factor driving the production of cybercrime. This research contributes to the scant body of direct testimonies from romance fraud offenders, which are significantly rarer than those from police officers, providing valuable insights into this global phenomenon. Methodologically and theoretically, this research contributes to understanding the global phenomenon of scammers targeting individuals worldwide.

Legal Confrontation of the Cyber Blackmail: a Comparative Study

Objective: Current Research addresses “Threats and Electronic Blackmail in the Egyptian and Emirati Laws” as a vital issue in several ways. First of importance comes from the expanding user circle via Modern Technological Means of Communication. Indeed, Sales Systems established by Service Providers are not restricted to one Social Group or Class, which can reflect many Crimes committed through these systems. Secondly, the Psychological Impact caused by the Crime of Electronic Blackmail seriously harms people, threatening the Human Right to enjoy tranquility and a sense of secure practices. Third, the Penal Legislation of different countries is not entirely consistent in confronting such crimes. Some have already designed Special Penal legislation to combat Modern Electronic Crimes, while others still rely on Traditional Texts included in the Penal Code. Methods: This paper relied mainly on a descriptive approach to examine the Crime of Electronic Blackmail in addition to studying some legal frameworks that regulate the Crime of Electronic Blackmail. The comparative perspective was also used to identify aspects of the Crime of Electronic Blackmail in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Results and disscution: This type of contradiction is embodied in the Emirati Law, a good example of the first trend, whereas Egyptian law simply represents the second trend. Research Implications: We are obliged to wonder about the adequacy of the General Penal Code in confronting this new type of Crime. Originality/Value: We are committed to addressing Criminal Confrontation Effectiveness as implemented by Legal Legislation represented in the Penalties imposed on committing these crimes, thus protecting Victims of Electronic Blackmail.

Pelatihan Cyber Security Awareness Kepada Masyarakat Menghadapi Perkembangan Kejahatan Siber

Cyber crimes are on the rise recently. The attack has been very serious and needs to be tackled at all levels of society. Cybersecurity and Digital Privacy Training The target audience for this community service initiative in the Buana Bukit Permata residential area is adolescents. Although adolescents are known for their high levels of creativity, they often engage in self-expression on social media platforms by sharing content such as images, videos, or textual posts. The accessibility of social media through mobile devices, utilizing applications like TikTok, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, and others, significantly facilitates this behavior.The objective of this initiative is to provide a comprehensive understanding and explanation of privacy, security, and the confidentiality of data and information in today’s digital landscape. The other goal is to educate participants on the legal provisions related to the Indonesian Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UUITE). Lecturers and students from Universitas Putera Batam, appointed as representatives, will deliver training and mentorship to the adolescents in Buana Bukit Permata. This initiative aims to enhance their skills in securing personal data and information to prevent misuse and its potential negative consequences. Relevant laws will also be explained to increase participants’ awareness of responsible internet usage. The training combines information technology knowledge with legal awareness, emphasizing both digital and legal literacy.

MALWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION FOR MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGIES

Malware detection is always a hot issue and a priority task in cyber crimes. Despite a lot of work in the past malware detection in Microsoft Word is being a major challenge for researchers and other practitioners. This research examines the malware and detects the malicious files with the help of structural path features and lexical based features of extracted URL from unzipped XML files of Microsoft Word. This research carried out three experiments and finally reached to a goal with 0.97% accuracy with a highest true positive rate of 0.98% and lowest false positive rate of 0.012%. It showed a somehow reduced TPR rate in detecting benign files but can be increase in future while doing more precise work upon malicious URL used in documents.