Cyber Communication Research Articles

Cyberbullying, student nurses' ethical awareness and the Covid-19 pandemic.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased cyber communication, causing nursing students' clinical practice to be held in cyberspace. Thus, it is essential to ensure that nursing students develop comprehensive cyber ethics awareness. Moreover, cyberbullying is becoming more widespread and is an increasingly relevant new concept. This study aimed to assess the experiences of cyberbullying among nursing students during clinical practice and determine the effects of cyberbullying victimization and cyber environments on their cyber ethics awareness. Data for this descriptive cross-sectional study were collected in July 2020 using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using hierarchical regression. The study included data from 291 nursing students with more than 6 months of clinical experience who were enrolled in two nursing universities in two cities in South Korea. This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board of G University. Written, informed consent was obtained from all participants. Cyberbullying victimization experiences during clinical practice were few. The most common cyberbullies of work- and person-related cyberbullying were nurses and classmates, respectively. Cyber ethics awareness was affected by cyber anonymity and the perceived seriousness of cyberbullying; cyberbullying related to clinical practices was a new factor that significantly affected cyber ethics awareness. Hospitals and nursing universities should develop a multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and effective nursing intervention education program to be integrated into the nursing curriculum to enhance cyber ethics awareness and reduce cyberbullying of nursing students.

The relationship between social media use and mental health among A'Sharqiyah University students

Social media have rapidly become a dominant communication platform worldwide. However, it is thought that people are losing some of their mental health when overusing cyber communication. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to reveal the relationship between the use of social media and mental health among A’Sharqiyah University students in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample was 528 students: 76 male and 452 females. The researcher sent the tools via emails to all university students; however, only 528 participated. The results indicated social media use was 48%, while the mental health level was 71%. The results also indicated there were differences in social media use due to gender in favor of males. The study found the degree of social media use was correlated, not necessarily causational, to the level of mental health. The simple linear regression analysis has indicated that social media use contributed to explaining 32% of the variance in mental health. The correlation coefficient was found at -57% which indicated an inverse correlation between social media and mental health. Keywords: Social media, mental health, psychological disorders, university students.

Cyber Corporate Social Responsibility Communication: Content Analysis on The Official Website of AQUA Group Company

The importance of extensive CSR communication is maintained to create a reputation and maintain long-term corporate sustainability. Thus, CSR communication needs to be maintained optimally and comprehensive in a sustainable way to help corporations increase its reputation in the stakeholder's perception and avoid the crisis. Development of cyber information technology makes it easier for stakeholders to gain access to CSR communication, including the use of official websites as accurate as CSR incomes. The study aims to find out how the CSR cyber-communications company AQUA Group activity through official websites. The study studied CSR message content analysis, CSR information presentation, and CSR communication patterns formed by AQUA Group through official websites. The study employed qualitative method of content analysis with a post positivism paradigm. Data collection was done with documentation study techniques that fit the research purposes. The results shows that the content of the CSR's cyber message has been communicated not to refer to the principle of transparency to the content of the internal group's message on employment issues. The CSR's cyber information presentation suggests the AQUA Group has a high level of interactivity on the information fulfillments facility, but it has a low rate of accessibility. The CSR's cyber communication pattern that AQUA Group used a symmetrical two-way communication pattern (the two way symmetrical) by building on stakeholder relationships.

Sosialisasi Pentingnya Menguasai Bahasa Inggris Bagi Mahasiswa

English is a language that has generally been used as a forum for communication with an international scope, so that English can be said to be universal, where its use is not only a communication bridge in everyday life in the international world but has also penetrated cyber communication. Especially in the current era of globalization, the very fast exchange of information related to scientific developments requires students to have proficiency in mastering English. English proficiency is not only a requirement for students to study abroad, but also for exploring more global knowledge, where available materials such as those in international journals are generally available in English. The problem that arises is that students are constrained in mastering English as a compulsory skill that must be possessed at this time. Therefore, this activity aims to motivate and provide awareness regarding the importance of mastering English among students. This activity was carried out at the FKIP Syiah Kuala University Auditorium which was attended by approximately 120 students. This activity aims to make students more motivated and motivated to hone their mastery of English, so that they have international insights and are useful as a tool to answer the challenges of scientific development in the era of globalization.

Students' perceptions of the concepts of “trolling” and “flaming” as predictors of the occurrence of aggression cyber communications

Students' perceptions of the concepts of “trolling” and “flaming” as predictors of the occurrence of aggression cyber communications

Category of courtesy in the context of cyber communication

Category of courtesy in the context of cyber communication

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID'19 PANDEMIC ON STUDENTS STUDENTS AT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY "LVIV POLYTECHNIC"

Today, in the era of the Covid’19 pandemic, people need to plan their future taking into account the specifics of new relationships - the new specifics of communications, work organization, and so on. Each industry has both common problems and its own specifics. This paper examines the specifics of the education sector (higher education in Ukraine) in the field of information technology. In particular, the influence of distance learning on job search and possible change of priorities that may have arisen during distance learning and distance communication with classmates is studied. The research is based on a survey of 3rd year computer science students at NU LP. The survey contains 15 questions, grouped into three subgroups: subjective feeling of the learning process, subjective feeling of choosing a profession, subjective feeling of Internet security. The survey was conducted in the target group of the most active part of society. The answers in the study group show the level of student satisfaction with the learning process and confidence in the quality of learning. Answers in the group: employment indicates the level of how the market sees the prospects of studying in the specialty of computer science. Answers in the group cyber security The attitude of young people (computer science students) to the provision of cyber communication at the state level. No research has been conducted on the provision of the Internet at the university level. The results of the work are visualized and presented both in graphs and in absolute and relative values. The study can assess the level of resilience of computer science specialties to the problems caused by the pandemic, including distance learning and distance work in IT firms. To enhance the results, the dynamics of recruitment of applicants over several years was analyzed. In the report for 2021, we see that the number of freshmen has increased in ICNI, this year received 1,130 students. 100% of the surveyed students who worked during the pandemic in the private IT sector of information technology worked remotely and received a full salary, which also shows the resistance of the specialty to the challenges of the pandemic (this mode reduces risks and the spread of risks).

Fault tolerant control of islanded AC microgrids under sensor and communication link faults using online recursive reduced-order estimation

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have become an inseparable part of the new industrial era referred to as Industry 4.0 the quintessential example of which are smart grids. With a cyber communication level integrated with the physical components, besides considerable merits came along some reliability and security concerns. To address these issues, there ought to be a supervisory level monitoring and control system to identify any faults within the system and balance out their potential damaging impacts. In this paper, we consider fault tolerant control (FTC) problem in one of the building blocks of smart grids i.e. microgrids. The FTC method is based on online recursive reduced-order model estimation and Klaman Filter (KF) residual generation. Then, two-sided cumulative sum (CUSUM) sequential change detection algorithm is employed for sensor fault or communication link failure detection. Lastly, a fault-tolerant logic is constructed to switch between actual data and the internal model for the control system.

Consensus‐based operational framework for self‐healing in multi‐microgrid systems

Recently, microgrids (MGs) present a vital role in the transformation of the existing power networks to the smart grids. Connecting MGs to construct the multi-microgrid (MMG) system enhances the robustness of the system against disturbances and upgrades overall network performance. In this paper, the MMG, as a source of self-healing support to the distribution networks, is analysed extensively. In fact, the MMG strengthens the self-healing of the network by participating in the restoration of disturbed loads. In this study, an operational framework is proposed for the self-healing problem in radial interconnected MGs based on two-stage cyber communication network architecture. In the first stage, the local control system (LCS) within each MG, schedules the accessible resources according to the local power consumption target. In the second stage, a number of LCSs are communicated globally to perform self-healing action. The communication of LCSs is accomplished using a consensus algorithm. Nevertheless, when a fault takes place in MG and a line is eliminated, the healthy MGs, due to demand and supply information in the first stage, supply the on-outage loads as far as possible. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, two benchmark distribution networks (the 33-bus and the 119-bus) are employed.

The Linguistic Perspectives on Computer Mediated Communication

This paper aims to explore the role of production and perception constraints in computer mediated communication. I review Lindblom's (1990) theory of phonetic variation and propose a new model of linguistic production in Computer Mediated Communication. Cyber citizens use cyber communication as conceptually oral, medially written. The reason to use chat-mode is that it saves time and space (the principle of least effort); here sound, not spelling, is the first thing to be considered. With respect to production in the proposed model, effort is no longer equated with articulatory movement, but rather with the number of keystrokes involved in typing an utterance. On discussing online, discussants show paralinguistic actions such as smile, frown, screaming, etc., and they also reduplicate writings, capitalize all the sentences, and use emoticons; net-communication is headed toward less grammatical and more telegraphic type. The production of hyper-and hypo-forms such as reduplication, punctuation and capitalization will vary according to the sender's estimation of signal-complementary processes and his attempts to compensate for the restricted context.We discuss online and off line on the issues; why we like cyber communication and how we classify the phenomena. The more computer mediated communications we use, the moreissues we have to review beyond words and linguistic principles.

Emojis and Law: contextualized flexibility of meaning in cyber communication

ABSTRACTBecause some sentiments simply cannot be verbalized, the written message lacks rendered intonation and the embodied dynamics of expressed feeling. With the rise of emails and other means of digital communication, the emotive shortcomings of new communication channels are even more acute even while they become emotively more expansive. The color, form, and context of emojis in visual communication may lead to more kinds of (mis)interpretation. Although emojis might be presented as a tool for clarification of the communicative intent, it is still unknown whether visual add-ons also introduce more uncertainty or flexibility in language. As a result, emojis contribute to a digital cultural shift in message transmission that also reflects an evolving hermeneutic of legal communication and communicative intention. In a growing number of legal cases, emojis serve as evidence, or as facts which reveal asserted, yet unsaid information and implied meaning. This study depicts the flexible nature of emojis in e-communication, and so analyzes applications in various legal cases to demonstrate the way emojis, as negative emotional influencers, affect the understanding of online communication and decision-making in courts.

False Data Injection and Detection in LQG Systems: A Game Theoretic Approach

Cyber-physical systems are vulnerable to false data injection by adversaries who compromise cyber communication links. In this paper, an infinite horizon linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) system is considered wherein the control inputs transmitted over cyber links are vulnerable to compromise and false data injection by adversaries. The adversarial cyber-attack is driven to minimize the performance of the LQG system, and the controller is equipped with an intrusion detection system that monitors the sequence of internal physical states to detect adversarial input modification. The problem is formulated as a two-player zero-sum game with the false alarm probability as the reward, wherein the attacker aims to achieve a target increase in controller cost while maximizing the false alarm probability, and a detector who wishes to minimize the false alarm probability while remaining consistent. It is shown that in such a game, an ε-equilibrium exists. The equilibrium attacker strategy is the one that minimizes the Kullback-Leibler distance between legitimate and falsified state dynamics, and the equilibrium detector strategy is the corresponding likelihood-ratio test. Numerical simulations are presented that showcase the equilibrium strategy pair and the intuitive strategies comparisons.

Distributed Consensus Tracking of Networked Agent Systems Under Denial-of-Service Attacks

Distributed consensus tracking problem of networked agent systems with directed topologies under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is investigated. The considered networked agent network consists of a physical layer with fixed physical links and a cyber layer with cyber control units. Both the communication network connecting these two layers and the cyber communication network within the cyber layer may subject to malicious DoS attacks. These two types of attacks have different impacts on the networked system; the former one affects the timely update of control inputs, and the latter influences the connection weights of the cyber communication graph. First, for DoS signals occurring in the communication network which transmits the state and control input information between the two layers, the distributed control protocol based on the event-triggered scheme and locally deployed estimators are designed. Efficient algorithms for selecting event-triggered control parameters and Zeno-free triggered parameters are given to ensure the mean-square consensus. The relationships between the system's parameters and the features of DoS attacks are successfully revealed. Second, corresponding theoretical analysis is derived for consensus tracking of the networked systems when DoS attacks are launched within the cyber layer. Conditions concerning the length of repairing time and indexes of DoS attacks are given by utilizing hybrid control theory. At last, the effectiveness of the obtained results is demonstrated by performing simulations on multirobot systems.

Combining textual features to detect cyberbullying in social media posts

Abstract Cyberbullying has become prevalent in social media communication. To create a safe space for cyber communication, an effective cyberbullying detection method is needed. This study focuses on using combination of textual features to detect cyberbullying across social media platforms. Lexicon enhanced rule-based method was applied to detect cyberbullying on Facebook comments. The resulting algorithm was evaluated using performance measures of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score, and showed promising performance with average recall of 95.981%.

Resilient Distributed Field Estimation

We study resilient distributed field estimation under measurement attacks. A network of agents or devices measures a large, spatially distributed physical field parameter. An adversary arbitrarily manipulates the measurements of some of the agents. Each agent's goal is to process its measurements and information received from its neighbors to estimate only a few specific components of the field. We present $\mathbf{SAFE}$, the Saturating Adaptive Field Estimator, a consensus+innovations distributed field estimator that is resilient to measurement attacks. Under sufficient conditions on the compromised measurement streams, the physical coupling between the field and the agents' measurements, and the connectivity of the cyber communication network, $\mathbf{SAFE}$ guarantees that each agent's estimate converges almost surely to the true value of the components of the parameter in which the agent is interested. Finally, we illustrate the performance of $\mathbf{SAFE}$ through numerical examples.

Quantitative Assessment of Stochastic Property of Network-Induced Time Delay in Smart Substation Cyber Communications

Smart substation, in which various types of information are being exchanged on a communication network, is regarded as a typical cyber-physical system (CPS). The network-induced time delay, inherently stochastic, makes the performance of power system operation and protection unpredictable. This paper attempts to study the stochastic properties of end-to-end network-induced time delay in a time-critical smart substation CPS environment. The components in a smart substation CPS, including data flow, communication network, and intelligent electronic device (IED), are modeled. The data flow on the network is categorized into two different stochastic types according to their source: Poisson and Pareto data flow. The numerical simulation of the hybrid data sources on substation network is implemented to evaluate the stochastic property, by combining Monte Carlo method and queueing theory. The obtained distribution results are identified by using chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. It is identified that Normal distribution can best characterize the delay in smart substation, meanwhile, the proposed model is verified with the experiment. A typical 220kV smart substation is studied under various scenarios.

Enhancing Integrated Energy Distribution System Resilience through a Hierarchical Management Strategy in District Multi-Energy Systems

The requirement for energy sustainability drives the development of integrated energy distribution systems (IEDSs). In this paper, considering the coordination of district multi-energy systems (DMESs), a hierarchical management strategy is proposed to enhance IEDS resilience. The proposed strategy is divided into three modes: the normal operation mode, the preventive operation mode and the resilient operation mode. In the normal operation mode, the objective of DEMSs is to minimize the operation costs. In the preventive operation mode, the objective of DEMSs is to maximize the stored energy for mitigating outage. The resilient operation mode consists of two stages. DMESs schedule their available resources and broadcast excess generation capacities or unserved loads to neighboring DMESs through the cyber communication network in the first stage. In the second stage, DMESs interchange electricity and natural gas with each other through the physical common bus for global optimization. A consensus algorithm was applied to determine the allocated proportions of exported or imported electricity and natural gas for each DMES in a distributed way. An IEDS including five DMESs was used as a test system. The results of the case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical management strategy and algorithm.

Analysis of configuration data errors in Communication-based Train Control systems

Communication-based Train Control (CBTC) systems combining intelligent instruments and wireless communications are increasingly used in modern metros and other railway systems, because they can help optimizing railway traffic management and minimizing headways between running trains. Despite the potential benefits, CBTC systems functionality and availability can be affected by their configuration data errors, induced by human errors, instruments physical degradations and cyber communication interventions. In this paper, we identify and classify configuration data errors in CBTC systems, and propose a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation-based exploration approach, with safety margins estimation, for the primary purpose of verifying and assessing the data error effects on system functionality. The approach is illustrated with reference to a CBTC model prototyped from a Beijing Mass Transit Railway (MTR) operation system. Potentially risk-significant data errors of random magnitudes and running positions are injected by a Monte Carlo-driven engine and the system functional response is assessed.

A complex network theory analytical approach to power system cascading failure-From a cyber-physical perspective.

The modern electric power grid is evolving rapidly into such a state that distributed controllers and two-way energy and information flow are replacing the traditional paradigm of electricity distribution and energy management. Therefore, a power grid coupled with a communication network is playing a pivotal role in establishing modern electric power systems. Previous cascading failure analysis in power systems focused more on the physical network, while falling short of investigations on the coupling effect of interdependency of the integrated electricity and communication networks, i.e., cyber-physical power systems. To address such a pressing issue, this study introduces a novel stochastic cascading failure model, considering the interdependency between the cyber network and power network. A multiagent system and a novel protection relay model are incorporated into the proposed model. To apply the proposed analytical method, a test power system, the IEEE 68-bs power system, is used to study the impacts of a range of interdependencies and cyber network topological structures on the cascading failure. Simulation results show the necessity and effects of consideration of cyber communication network when investigating power system cascading failures. The study also provides useful information on robustness and vulnerability of a particular power grid, given different communication topologies and interdependencies.

Security Assessment for Cyber Physical Distribution Power System Under Intrusion Attacks

A cyber physical distribution power system (CPDS) is a large and complex infrastructure that coordinates the cyber communication system and the physical distribution power system. Because of the increasingly advanced information communication technology, the development of cyber physical distribution power system has caused key cyber security issues related to system operation. This paper is focused on realizing a unified system attack modeling and security assessment of an active distribution power system. In this paper, first we present an overview of the system operation from the fusion system perspective. The significant effects of network intrusion attacks on operational security are evaluated. A new unified cyber physical network model is established using a limited stochastic Petri net graph theory that considers refined firewalls and password components. Then, a security effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to analyze channel throughput variation and system robustness. Overall CPDS security risk values are determined based on physical influence coefficients. Finally, simulations of an improved IEEE-33 bus distribution power system and security assessment under intrusion attacks are described. The research work could raise awareness of the cyber intrusion threats and provide the basis for security defense.