Cyanoacrylate Monomer Research Articles

Stabilizing Liquid in Precise Nonequilibrium Shapes via Fast Interfacial Polymerization.

Due to the minimization of interface area caused by surface tension, the stabilization of liquid in complex and precise nonequilibrium shapes is challenging. In this work, a simple, surfactant-free, and covalent strategy to stabilize liquid in precise nonequilibrium shapes via fast interfacial polymerization (FIP) of highly reactive n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA) monomer triggered by water-soluble nucleophilesis described. Full interfacial coverage can be achieved instantly, and the resultant polyBCA film anchored at the interface can support the unequal interface stress, which allows the production of non-spherical droplets with complex shapes. Notably, the formulation of internal aqueous phase is nearly unaffected since no specific additive is required. Moreover, considering the excellent biocompatibility of BCA and polyBCA, the produced droplets can be used as micro-bioreactor for enzyme catalysis and even bacterial culture, which well mimic the morphology of cells and bacteria to achieve the biochemical reaction in non-spherical droplets. The present work not only opens a new sight for the stabilization of liquid in nonequilibrium shapes, but may also promote the development of synthetic biology based on non-spherical droplets, and tremendous potential applications are anticipated.

Venous Leak Embolization in Patients with Venogenic Erectile Dysfunction via Deep Dorsal Penile Vein Access: Safety and Early Efficacy

PurposeThis all-comers registry aimed to assess safety and early efficacy of venous embolization in patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction due to venous leak in an unselected cohort.MethodsBetween October 2019 and September 2022, patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction resistant to phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors were treated with venous embolization using ultrasound-guided anterograde access via a deep dorsal penile vein in a single center. A mix of ethiodized oil and modified cyanoacrylate-based glue n-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate (NBCA) monomer plus methacryloxy-sulpholane monomer (Glubran-2, GEM, Italy) was used as liquid embolic agent. Prior to embolization, venous leak had been verified based on penile duplex sonography and computed tomography cavernosography. Procedural success was defined as technically successful and complete target vein embolization. The primary safety outcome measure was any major adverse event 6 weeks after the procedure. The primary feasibility outcome measure was IIEF-15 (International Index of Erectile Function-15) score improvement ≥ 4 points in ≥ 50% of subjects on 6 weeks follow-up post intervention.ResultsFifty consecutive patients (mean age 61.8 ± 10.0 years) with severe erectile dysfunction due to venous leak underwent venous embolization. Procedural success was achieved in 49/50 (98%) of patients with no major adverse events on follow-up. The primary feasibility outcome measure at 6 weeks was reached by 34/50 (68%) of patients.ConclusionVenous leak embolization via deep dorsal penile vein access using a liquid embolic agent was safe for all and efficacious in the majority of patients with severe venogenic erectile dysfunction on 6 weeks follow-up.

A cyanoacrylate/triethyl citrate/nanosilica-based closure glue with wet-adhesion capability for treatment of superficial varicose veins.

Varicose veins in legs are common in clinics. Currently, medical adhesive-based, minimally invasive endovenous occlusion is used to treat them. However, the most common cyanoacrylate medical adhesives do not perform well when used under blood/wet conditions. In particular, poor adhesion, short curing time, and high heat release greatly limit their clinical use. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a composite system composed of butyl-cyanoacrylate, triethyl citrate, and nanosilica that exhibits a blood/wet-adhesion capability to serve as a new sealing glue. Hydrophobic triethyl citrate groups displace boundary waters while also protecting cyanoacrylate monomers from undergoing rapid polymerization. Nanosilica increases viscosity, which contributes to in situ extrusion molding and retention. An optimal formulation, FAL-006, exhibited good physical and chemical properties in vitro. The performed additional safety assays indicated that FAL-006 has good biocompatibility. The closure efficiency of FAL-006 in vivo was evaluated in both a rat abdominal aortic closure model and in a sheep lower limb venous closure model. Taken together, these results indicate that FAL-006 exhibits promising potential for use in clinical applications. Furthermore, this study provides a new strategy for designing underwater adhesive agents for additional clinical applications, and a strategy for constructing other biomaterials needed for use under wet conditions.

Identification of novel cyanoacrylate monomers for use in nanoparticle drug delivery systems prepared by miniemulsion polymerisation – A multistep screening approach

Poly (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are promising drug carriers in drug delivery. However, the selection of commercially available alkyl cyanoacrylate (ACA) monomers is limited, because most monomers were designed for use in medical and industrial glues and later repurposed for drug encapsulation. This study therefore aimed to seek out novel ACA materials for use in NP systems using a toxicity led screening approach. A multistep strategy, including cytotoxicity screening of alcohols as degradation products of PACA (44 alcohols), NPs (14 polymers), and a final in vivo study (2 polymers) gave poly (2-ethylhexyl cyanoacrylate) PEHCA as a promising novel PACA candidate. For the first time, this work presents cytotoxicity data on several novel ACAs, PEHCA in vivo toxicity data, and miniemulsion polymerisation-based encapsulation of the cabazitaxel and NR688 in novel PACA candidates. Furthermore, several of the ACA candidates were compatible with a wider selection of lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) versus commercially available controls. Combined, this work demonstrates the potential benefits of expanding the array of available ACA materials in drug delivery. Novel ACAs have the potential to encapsulate a wider range of APIs in miniemulsion polymerisation processes and may also broaden PACA applicability in other fields.

UV-Blocking, Transparent, and Antioxidant Polycyanoacrylate Films.

Applications of cyanoacrylate monomers are generally limited to adhesives/glues (instant or superglues) and forensic sciences. They tend to polymerize rapidly into rigid structures when exposed to trace amounts of moisture. Transforming cyanoacrylate monomers into transparent polymeric films or coatings can open up several new applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and have surgical uses. Like other acrylics, cyanoacrylate polymers are glassy and rigid. To circumvent this, we prepared transparent cyanoacrylate films by solvent casting from a readily biodegrade solvent, cyclopentanone. To improve the ductility of the films, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) biopolymer was used as an additive (maximum 5 wt.%) while maintaining transparency. Additionally, ductile films were functionalized with caffeic acid (maximum 2 wt.%), with no loss of transparency while establishing highly effective double functionality, i.e., antioxidant effect and effective UV-absorbing capability. Less than 25 mg antioxidant caffeic acid release per gram film was achieved within a 24-h period, conforming to food safety regulations. Within 2 h, films achieved 100% radical inhibition levels. Films displayed zero UVC (100–280 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), and ~15% UVA (315–400 nm) radiation transmittance comparable to advanced sunscreen materials containing ZnO nanoparticles or quantum dots. Transparent films also exhibited promising water vapor and oxygen barrier properties, outperforming low-density polyethylene (LPDE) films. Several potential applications can be envisioned such as films for fatty food preservation, biofilms for sun screening, and biomedical films for free-radical inhibition.

Ethyl cyanoacrylate ordered porous films prepared via in‐situ polymerization and static breath figures process

Ordered microporous films were fabricated via static breath figure process and in situ polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) monomers. The influences of various parameters including solvent type (dichloromethane and chloroform), ECA concentration (0.2 and 1 wt%), temperature (17°C and 26°C), and substrate (glass, mica, PE, PP, and PET) were investigated on the structure of breath Figure (BF) films. Highly ordered porous films were generally formed at lower concentration of ECA and at 17°C for dichloromethane (DCM) and at 26°C for chloroform (CLF). The pores average diameter (D̅) of the films were in the range of 1 to 5 μm. The formation of regular porous structures were elucidated using the Marangoni (thermocapillary) convection flow and the rate of the polymer precipitation around the water droplets. There were an optimum ΔT (the temperature difference between the air and the solution surface) to create ordered BF film, regardless of solvent type. The prepared films have potential for templating applications.

Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy with Vaginal Prosthetic Adhesive: Multicenter Prospective Study of 45 Patients

Study Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using a liquid adhesive solution for prosthetic bonding during laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Design Multicenter observational prospective study conducted in three French gynecological surgery centers between June 2015 and February 2017. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by means of validated symptom and quality of life questionnaires (PFDI-20 including POPDI-6, CRADI-8 & UDI-6, and PISQ-12) and a clinical examination one year after surgery. Setting The medical device used was a compound of pure, fluid, translucent and sterile n-hexyl cyanoacrylate monomers (IFABOND, Peters Chirurgical, France). The glue is applied by means of a cannula. Patients or Participants 45 patients were included from June 2015 to February 2017, with stage 2-4 genital prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) classification. Interventions A modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy using a liquid adhesive solution to fix the prosthesis to the vagina and to the levator ani was performed. Two non-absorbable sutures were performed to attach the anterior prosthesis to the isthmus and promontory. Measurements and Main Results The average operating time was 102.5 minutes (40-210 min) and the average hospitalization time was 2.6 days (0-5 days). At one year, clinical examination and questionnaires were available for 33 and 37/45 patients, respectively (73.3 and 82.2%). The analysis of the PFDI 20 questionnaire revealed an improvement in quality of life with an overall score of 41.5/300 one year after surgery vs 106.3/300 preoperatively (p Conclusion The use of a liquid adhesive solution for prosthetic bonding during sacrocolpopexy appears safe and effective at one year with an improvement in the patient's satisfaction and overall quality of life.

Modern Achievements in the Field of Cyanoacrylate Adhesives: Synthesis of Cyanoacrylate Monomers

This review examines advances in the synthesis of monomeric cyanoacrylates, which are the basis of fast-curing cyanoacrylate adhesives widely used in various fields of engineering and medicine.

Synthesis and radical copolymerization of novel propyl cyanoacrylate monomers

Novel phenyl-trisubstituted propyl 3-(R-phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylates (where R is 2,4,5-trimethyl, 2,4,6-trimethyl, 2,3-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl, 4-hydoxy-3,5-dimethyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxy, 2,4,5-trimethoxy, 2,4,6-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy) were prepared using piperidine-catalyzed condensation of substituted benzoic aldehydes and propyl ester of cyanoacetic acid with good yields (72–97 wt%). The ethenylbenzene copolymerization of cyanoacrylates (at 3/1 mol feed ratio) in solution with radical initiation at 70 °C resulted in formation of copolymers having MW 3.9 to 27.8 kD and 8.4–25.8 mol% of cyanoacrylate. FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR were used to analyze the structure. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was analyzed by DSC, Tg (81–129 °C) and TGA. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200–500 °C range with residue (0.5–7.3 wt%)and then in the 500–800 °C range.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of 10-hydroxycamptothecin through the use of poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) nanospheres

The article describes the preparation, physicochemical characterization, drug release, and in vivo behavior of 10-hydroxycamptothecin-loaded poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanospheres (HCPT-PBCA-NSs). HCPT-PBCA-NSs were successfully prepared via emulsion polymerization of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA) monomer in acidic medium with the aid of two colloidal stabilizers (Poloxamer 188 and Dextran 70). The influence of pH, the time of polymerization, and the dosage of the drug on particle size and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were studied. HCPT-PBCA-NSs were of spherical shape and uniformly dispersed with a particle size of 135.7 nm, and zeta potential of −18.18 mV. EE, drug loading (DL), and yield of HCPT-PBCA-NSs were 51.52, 0.63, and 88.25%, respectively. FTIR, 1H NMR, and DSC showed complete polymerization of BCA monomer and HCPT existed in the form of molecular or amorphous in NSs. In vitro release of the drug from HCPT-PBCA-NSs exhibited sustained-release behavior with an initial burst release and about 60% of HCPT was released from the formulation within 24 h of dialysis. The pharmacokinetic study in healthy rats after oral administration showed that encapsulation of HCPT into PBCA-NSs increased the Cmax about 3.84 times and increased AUC0−t about 5.40 times compared with that of HCPT suspension. It was concluded that PBCA-NSs could be a promising drug carrier to load HCPT for oral drug delivery if efforts are made in the future to improve its poor DL capacity.

New insights of cyanoacrylate glues in surgical applications. A comparative study of akyl cyanoacrylates.

Event Abstract Back to Event New insights of cyanoacrylate glues in surgical applications. A comparative study of akyl cyanoacrylates. Julio San Román1, Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez1, Gemma Pascual2, Barbara Perez-Kholer2 and Juan M Bellon2 1 Institute of Polymers and CIBER-BBN, Biomaterials, Spain 2 University of Alcala de Henares and CIBER-BBN, Faculty of Medicine, Spain Alkyl cyanoacrylates have been applied since 1965 as self-adhesives for biomedical applications because of their good properties and very fast curing process in physiological conditions, associated to the ionic polymerization catalysed by water. However the stability of the poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate)s after the application in contact with living tissues depends on the chemical structure of the corresponding alkyl cyanoacrylates and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates) formed by the polymerization reaction, being the reaction of the ethyl derivative faster than butyl, hexyl or longer alkyl segments. In addition, the toxicity of these systems is also associated to the nature of the alkyl residue, being the ethyl cyanoacrylate much more toxic that the butyl, hexyl or longer hydrocarbon substituents. The aim of the present work is the comparative analysis in vitro and in vivo of two commercial akyl cyanoacrylate monomers, Glubran 2 (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) and Ifabond (n-hexyl cyanoacrylate) in comparison with an experimental bioadhesive based on n-octyl cyanoacrylate, different from Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) indicated for topical applications in dermal defects. The three systems were tested “in vitro” with different cell lines , and “in vivo” by the fixation of surgical meshes of polypropylene applied to abdominal hernias repair, using rabbits as experimental animal model and a methodology previously validated by the group. Adhesion of the mesh by the application of the three adhesives and comparison with suture, fibrosis and tissue integration as well as inflammation and local effects of the three adhesives were determined after periods post-implantation of 14 , 30 and long term 90 days. In addition the biomechanical properties of the meshes integrated into the abdominal wall of the rabbit were determined according to a well-defined protocol using strips of the integrated meshes prepared from the implants. The results demonstrated that the Glubrand and Ifabond glues give a more inflammatory response than the n-octyl cyanoacrylate after the study of the histological sections of the points of application and the biomechanical behaviour is very good for the octyl derivative even after the 90 days of implantation. The resorption of the polymer generated by the systems is also dependent of the nature of the adhesives, being the n-octyl derivative more stable than the commercial glues. The “in vitro” test based on standard analysis MTT and Alamar Blue, indicate a good tolerance and biocompatibility of the three alkyl cyanoacrylates studied, but it is clear that the viability of n-octyl cyanoacrylate is better than the other commercial glues, Glubrand 2 and Ifabond. A detailed study of the cell behaviour and histological evaluation of the implants will be presented. projects SAF2014-55022-P and MAT2014-51918-C2-1R Keywords: Tissue Engineering, Scaffold, in vivo tissue engineering, bioactive interface Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Surface and interfacial characterization Citation: San Román J, Fernandez-Gutierrez M, Pascual G, Perez-Kholer B and Bellon J (2016). New insights of cyanoacrylate glues in surgical applications. A comparative study of akyl cyanoacrylates.. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.02828 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Julio San Román Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez Gemma Pascual Barbara Perez-Kholer Juan M Bellon Google Julio San Román Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez Gemma Pascual Barbara Perez-Kholer Juan M Bellon Google Scholar Julio San Román Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez Gemma Pascual Barbara Perez-Kholer Juan M Bellon PubMed Julio San Román Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez Gemma Pascual Barbara Perez-Kholer Juan M Bellon Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Hollow submicron spheres fabricated from cyanoacrylate instant adhesive

Hollow spherical particles of less than 1mm, consisting of either single or multi-voids have several advantages, including low effective density and high surface specificity. Moreover, particles with dimensions <100nm are known to selectively access cancer cells through enlarged porous surfaces of blood vessels in tumor tissues, and the drug delivery systems with these submicron spheres have been studied intensively in recent years.In this paper, we demonstrate a novel and cost-effective method to fabricate hollow submicron spheres with polymer shells by simply pumping the vapor of a commonly used instant adhesive into a citric acid solution to form microbubbles. The main component of the instant adhesive is a cyanoacrylate monomer, which is polymerized within seconds in the presence of water; however in the case of the citric acid solution, the polymerization occurs at a much slower rate. The polymer shell is composed of a stable biocompatible material, used for adhesion to human tissue, i.e., skin, blood vessels and organs. Moreover, the dimension of the fabricated submicron sphere is less than 1µm in diameter, (one-tenth the size of a blood capillary; approximately 10µm), making them suitable for use as a hollow nanocarrier in drug delivery applications, including cancer research.

Fluorescent Cyanoacrylate Monomers and Polymers for Fingermark Development

Cyanoacrylate esters with fluorescent side groups were synthesized and tested as agents for latent fingerprint development. Reactive monomers with benzyl, anthracyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, propagyl, and cyanomethyl side groups were synthesized using the formation of an ethyl cyanoacrylate, anthracene adduct, followed by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the acid and esterification with a desired alcohol, and finally release of the monomer by retro-Diels–Alder with maleic anhydride. Monomers were prepared in high yield and purity as determined by spectral analysis. Attempts to synthesize these monomers from poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) by transesterification and depolymerization resulted in low yields and low purity. The synthesized fluorescent monomers were found to be effective for latent fingerprint development in solution forming clear fluorescent fingerprint images suitable for forensic fingerprint comparison. These monomers can complement the current use of the commonly used nonfluorescent ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers for fingerprint development.

Surprising High Hydrophobicity of Polymer Networks from Hydrophilic Components

We report a simple and inexpensive method of fabricating highly hydrophobic novel materials based on interpenetrating networks of polyamide and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) hydrophilic components. The process is a single-step solution casting from a common solvent, formic acid, of polyamide and ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers. After casting and subsequent solvent evaporation, the in situ polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer forms polyamide-poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) interpenetrating network films. The interpenetrating networks demonstrate remarkable waterproof properties allowing wettability control by modulating the concentration of the components. In contrast, pure polyamide and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) films obtained from formic acid solutions are highly hygroscopic and hydrophilic, respectively. The polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate in the presence of polyamide promotes molecular interactions between the components, which reduce the available hydrophilic moieties and render the final material hydrophobic. The wettability, morphology, and thermo-physical properties of the polymeric coatings were characterized. The materials developed in this work take advantage of the properties of both polymers in a single blend and above all, due to their hydrophobic nature and minimal water uptake, can extend the application range of the individual polymers where water repellency is required.

Mechanical reinforcement and water repellency induced to cellulose sheets by a polymer treatment

The present study reports a simple method to control the mechanical and surface properties of cellulose fiber networks and to protect them from humidity, without altering their initial morphology. This is achieved by dip coating the fiber networks in solutions containing different amounts of ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer (ECA). Under ambient humidity and due to the presence of the -OH groups of the cellulose, the ECA polymerizes around each individual cellulosic fiber forming a thin poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA) shell. PECA was found to interact with the cellulose surface via hydrogen bonding as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. The detailed surface characterization reveals that only 3.5 wt% of ECA in solution is sufficient to form compact PECA cladding around every cellulose fiber. After the proposed treatment the cellulose sheets become hydrophobic, well protected from the environmental humidity and with increased Young’s modulus.

Vacuum pyrolysis of polymeric wastes containing hazardous cyano groups

Vacuum pyrolysis of polymeric wastes containing hazardous cyano groups was studied using low temperature pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Specifically, the study analyzed the presence of toxic compounds among the pyrolysis products. The polymers were pyrolyzed directly in the solid probe of a quadruple mass spectrometer within an ion source at a pressure of 10−6 Torr and then sorted by quadrupole mass analyzer. Polyethyl cyanoacrylate degrades by depolymerization, mostly into the ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer units. The degradation of polyurethane produces nonpolymeric urethane, isocyanates, amines and ethers. Polyacrylonitrile degrades via a depolymerization pathway into oligonitriles, acrylonitrile, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide.

시아노아크릴레이트 진공 훈증법에 의한 잠재지문 현출 최적화에 관한 연구

시아노아크릴레이트 훈증법은 비다공성 표면에 유류된 잠재지문을 현출할 때 효과적이다. 본 연구는, 진공챔버에서 시아노아크릴레이트를 훈증할 때 온도, 습도, 훈증 방법 등이 잠재지문 현출에 미치는 영향을 확인한 후 최적 반응 조건을 찾는데 있다. 진공챔버의 온도가 높을수록 시아노아크릴레이트 증발량은 증가했지만, 지문 융선에서 시아노아크릴레이트의 중합반응은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 가장 잘 일어났다. 상대습도가 40%, 50% 조건에서는 좋은 상태의 지문이 현출되었지만, 30%보다 낮거나 60%보다 높은 조건에서는 지문 융선에서 시아노아크릴레이트 중합반응 속도가 느려졌다. 진공챔버에서 시아노아크릴레이트를 자연적으로 증발시키는 방법보다는 <TEX>$OMEGA-PRINT^{TM}$</TEX> dispersal pads와 수산화나트륨을 포함한 솜을 이용해 시아노아크릴레이트 훈증하는 방법이 효과적이란 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 진공챔버에서 시아노아크릴레이트 처리시간은 상대습도에 비해 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. Cyanoacrylate fuming mehod is effective for latent fingerprints developing on non-porous surfaces. In this study, we investigated optimal conditions for latent fingerprint development using cyanoacrylate fuming method in vacuum chamber. The effects of temperature, relative humidity, fuming method and processing time were checked throughly. The amount of evaporated cyanoacrylate was increased at higher temperature, but cyanoacrylate polymerization on the fingerprint ridge was best at <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>. With a relative humidity of 40% to 50% conditions, good quality of fingerprints were developed. If a relative humidity is lower than 30% or higher than 60%, polymerization rate of cyanoacrylate monomers on the fingerprint ridge was decreased. It was identified that application of <TEX>$OMEGA-PRINT^{TM}$</TEX> dispersal pad or cotton ball with sodium hydroxide fuming method in vacuum chamber was more effective than natural fuming method. We found that cyanoacrylate processing time in vacuum chamber did not have more significant than relative humidity.

Development of degradable polymer composites from starch and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate)

AbstractThis report describes the development of degradable polymer composites, which can be made at room temperature without special equipment. The developed composites are made from poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) and starch. Ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers are mixed with starch and the polymerization reaction of these monomers was initiated by dissociated OH‐ ions from moisture on the surface of the starch. After the polymerization, the body of starch granules acts as filler and the micrometer‐scale gaps formed by starch granules are filled with the poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). The glass transition temperature of the composite matrix ranges from 106°C to 113°C and thermal degradation begins around 160°C. The polymer composites produced by this procedure contain 50–64 wt% of starch and have compressive strengths of 80 (±10) MPa. Optimum starch composition for these composites is ∼60 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

Superparamagnetic cellulose fiber networks via nanocomposite functionalization

We present a simple and cost-effective method for rendering networks of cellulose fibers, such as paper, fabrics or membranes, superparamagnetic by impregnating the individual fibers with a reactive acrylic monomer. The cellulose fibers are wetted by a cyanoacrylate monomer solution containing superparamagnetic manganese ferrite colloidal nanoparticles. Upon moisture initiated polymerization of the monomer on the fiber surfaces, a thin nanocomposite shell forms around each fiber. The nanocomposite coating renders the cellulose fibers water repellent and magnetically responsive. Magnetic and microscopy studies prove that the amount of the entrapped nanoparticles in the nanocomposite shell is fully controllable, and that the magnetic response is directly proportional to this amount. A broad range of applications can be envisioned for waterproof magnetic cellulose materials (such as magnetic paper/tissues) obtained by such a simple yet highly efficient method.

Poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal particles tagged with Rhodamine 6G: preparation and physicochemical characterization

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation and characterization of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal particles loaded with the organic fluorophore Rhodamine 6G. We studied the physicochemical properties of the colloidal particles: morphology, size-distribution, ζ-potential, fluorescent properties and photobleaching upon UV-light illumination. The properties of the obtained colloidal particles, as well as the dye loading efficiency, were found to depend on the concentrations of ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer and Rhodamine 6G in the polymerization medium. The fluorophore release from the colloidal particles in aqueous buffer is also studied.