Aims: To analyse the competitiveness and structural shifts in India's marine product exports over 2004-05 to 2023-24, addressing the gap in understanding long-run market transition patterns using RCA and Markov Chain techniques. Study Design: Quantitative analytical study based on secondary time-series data, employing RCA and Markov Chain models to assess export competitiveness and market transitions. Place and Duration of Study: India; covering a period of twenty years from 2004-05 to 2023-24. Methodology: The study uses RCA to evaluate comparative advantage across major marine product categories such as frozen shrimp, frozen fish, cuttle fish, squid, and other products. Markov Chain analysis is applied to examine the direction and stability of export markets, focusing on transition probabilities among major importing regions. Results: The RCA analysis indicates a strong and consistent comparative advantage in frozen shrimp exports throughout the study period (RCA ranging from 3.08 to 5.27), while other product categories show either temporary or persistent comparative disadvantage (RCA < 1). This reflects a structural dependence on shrimp in India’s marine export basket. Markov Chain results reveal varying degrees of market retention, with South East Asia (0.3306) and China (0.1221) emerging as relatively stable and increasingly significant markets. In contrast, traditional destinations such as the United States and the European Union exhibit more dynamic and shifting patterns. The long-term trends suggest gradual diversification of export destinations and stronger regional integration within Asian markets. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for diversification, value addition, infrastructure development, and targeted market strategies to sustain export competitiveness and reduce risks associated with product and market concentration. These findings suggest the need for diversification beyond shrimp, strengthening value addition in underperforming segments, and consolidating trade relations with emerging Asian markets.

Background: International trade contributes a significant role in generating employment and income within the fisheries sector, while also stimulating related industries like processing, packaging, transportation and marketing. This creates a ripple effect, generating employment opportunities throughout the supply chain. Therefore, the international trade aspect of the fisheries sector holds immense importance. Aims: The present study analyses the export trends and its instability in case of frozen shrimp, frozen fish, frozen squid, frozen cuttle fish, dried item, live items and chilled items. Study Design: The study is based on secondary data and considered export data including export quantity, export value and export earnings from 1995 to 2023. Methodology: The study analyzed export trends from 1995 to 2023 by calculating compound annual growth rates (CAGR) for export value (in Rs. crores), export quantity and export earnings (in USD million). To measure the extent of volatility in export quantity and value (in Rs. crores and USD million) for Indian marine products-such as frozen shrimp, frozen fish, frozen squid, frozen cuttlefish, dried items, live products and chilled items-during the period from 1995 to 2023, an instability index was constructed. Results: The outcome showed that the amount of frozen shrimp exported has increased at a noteworthy and relatively high pace of 8.47 per cent and frozen fish (3.22 per cent), frozen squid (4.09 per cent), frozen cuttle fish (3.04 per cent), dried item (13.45 per cent), live items (6.65 per cent) and chilled items (11.27 per cent) in the considered period. Instability indices indicated that the export quantity trend has been moderately instable in case of frozen shrimp (27.56), frozen fish (23.78), frozen squid (19.88), frozen cuttle fish (14.35), dried item (35.83), live items (21.17) and chilled items (35.91) over the period. The decreasing rate in growth of value for frozen fish suggests waning demand, leading to diminishing incentives for future exports from India. Conclusion: Enhancing domestic processing efficiency through the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles is vital for ensuring that Indian fishery products comply with international quality and safety standards. To maximize the export potential of marine products, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory landscape and competitive strategies prevalent in the global market.

This study examines the growth trend and structural changes in India’s marine product exports over the period 2004-05 to 2023-24. Using secondary data on export quantity, value, and unit prices of major marine commodities, such as frozen shrimp, frozen fish, frozen squid, frozen cuttle fish, dried products, live items, chilled products, and others, the analysis applies Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Coefficient of Variation (CV), Cuddy-Della Valle Index (CDVI), and Hazell’s decomposition model. The results show that marine exports have expanded steadily over the years. In the earlier phase, growth was largely driven by increases in export volumes, whereas in recent years, improved price realization have played a more important role. Although overall instability has declined, certain segments such as dried and live products continue to show significant fluctuations. Frozen shrimp remains the most dominant and relatively stable export commodity. The findings suggest that the sector is becoming increasingly linked with global market dynamics and price movements. Strengthening diversification, value addition, infrastructure, and risk management will be essential to sustain long-term growth.

Cephalopods, a class of molluscs including Squids, Cuttlefish have become an important part of India's marine fisheries sector. Over the last few decades, the cephalopod fishery in Indian waters has seen substantial growth due to increasing demand in both domestic and international markets. The main target squid species Loligo duvaucelii (Indian squid) and cuttle fish species Sepia pharaonis (Pharaoh cuttlefish), Sepia aculeata, Sepiella inermis and Sepia brevimana. The present study deals with the stock assessment, market trends and export potential of loligo and sepia species from Visakhapatnam fishing harbour. The present study was conducted for a period of four months i.e. from December 2024 to March 2025. Weekly and fortnight data was analysed, and it is evident from the present study findings that, the maximum stock (1679kg.) of Loligo was observed during the month of December 2024. Similarly maximum stock (1913kg) of sepia was recorded in the month of February 2025. The variation in stock recruitment maybe due to environmental changes like oceanic temperature etc. A brief description of market price trends also discussed in this paper.

ABSTRACT Device‐to‐device (D2D) transmission is essential for enhancing the functionality of fifth‐generation (5G) networks. This paper addresses the need for effective power allocation and resource management for D2D users, who operate as secondary users (SUs) alongside primary users (PUs). Ensuring that D2D operations do not disrupt PU interactions is crucial. Traditional bandwidth distribution approaches rely on complete channel state information (CSI) from the base station (BS), leading to uncertainty fin resource allocation. To get rid of these challenges, this paper proposes a novel handoff strategy based on spectrum allocation in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The data priority–based channel allocation is carried out using proposed hybrid optimization cuttlefish updated dwarf mongoose optimization (CUDMO). It is the combination of both cuttle fish algorithm (CFA) and dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) algorithms. This optimization considers constraints such as coverage, signal strength, distance, bandwidth and improved strategy like signal‐to‐noise ratio–channel usability (SNR‐CU). Furthermore, an improved fuzzy logic–based proactive handoff mechanism, the fuzzy‐induced modified rules for channel selection (FIMRCS), is introduced. This scheme optimally selects channels, minimizing service interruption during handoff. In the dynamic multichannel selection (DMCS) scheme, parameters like channel rank, channel transmission, and channel usability are considered as the constraints while selecting the channel. They are evaluated against a set of 27 defined rules, ensuring efficient data transmission through the chosen channels. Finally, the performance of proposed CUDMO algorithm is contrasted over state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of various constraints. The CUDMO for Device 450 generated a bandwidth of 1.175 bps, surpassing the lower bandwidth achieved by conventional strategies.

ABSTRACT Estimating the optimal answer is expensive for huge data resources that decrease the functionality of the system. To solve these issues, the latest groundnut leaf disorder identification model by deep learning techniques is implemented. The images are collected from traditional databases, and then they are given to the pre-processing stage. Then, relevant features are drawn out from the preprocessed images in two stages. In the first stage, the preprocessed image is segmented using adaptive TransResunet++, where the variables are tuned with the help of designed Hybrid Position of Beluga Whale and Cuttle Fish (HP-BWCF) and finally get the feature set 1 using Kaze Feature Points and Binary Descriptors. In the second stage, the same Kaze feature points and the binary descriptors are extracted from the preprocessed image separately, and then obtain feature set 2. Then, the extracted feature sets 1 and 2 are concatenated and given to the Hybrid Convolution-based Adaptive Resnet with Attention Mechanism (HCAR-AM) to detect the ground nut leaf diseases very effectively. The parameters from this HCAR-AM are tuned via the same HP-BWCF. The experimental outcome is analysed over various recently developed ground nut leaf disease detection approaches in accordance with various performance measures.

Photocatalytic performance of cuttle fish bone nano-membrane adsorbents for water remediation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik pengoperasian alat tangkap bouke ami serta hasil tangkapan yang dioperasikan di perairan selat karimata. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yaitu dari bulan Maret hingga bulan Mei 2023 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta dengan mengikuti kapal yang beroperasi di perairan selat karimata dengan metode observasi langsung. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif dan analisis komposisi hasil tangkapan. Hasil pengamatan pada pengoperasian alat tangkap bouke ami yaitu terdapat tahapan persiapan, setting dan hauling. Alat tangkap yang digunakan memiliki panjang 18 meter dan lebar atau diameter jaring 16 meter dengan mesh size yang berbeda. Pada kaki jaring memiliki mesh size 5 cm terbuat dari bahan PE, badan jaring dengan mesh size 2 cm dan kantong jaring 1,5 cm. Hasil tangkapan didominasi cumi-cumi (loligo sp) sebanyak 255 kg, semampar (Pharaoh cuttle fish) sebanyak 25 kg dan blakutak (Squid sepiela) sebanyak 12 kg dengan nilai komposisi jenis terbesar pada jenis Loligo sp Sebesar 80% kemudian Pharaoh cuttle fish Sebesar 8 % diikuti Squid Sepiela sebesar 4 % dengan by-catch sebesar 8%.

<p>The lives of people are at risk from security and safety risks with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), particularly Autonomous Vehicles. In contrast to manual vehicles, the Security of an AV’s computer and communications components may be penetrated using sophisticated hacking methods, preventing us from employing AVs in our daily lives. The Internet of Vehicles, which connects manual automobiles to the Internet, is vulnerable to cyber-attacks such as lack of service, spoofing, sniffer, widespread denial of service and repeat attacks. This paper presents a unique intrusion detection system for ITS, using Enhanced Cuttle Fish Optimized Multiscale Convolution Neural Network (ECFO-MCNN), that uses vehicles to identify networks and infrastructure and detects careful network activity of in-vehicle networks. The primary goal of the suggested strategy is to identify forward events emanating through AVs’ central network gateways. Two benchmark datasets, namely the UNSWNB15 dataset for external network communications and the car hacking dataset for in-vehicle communications, are used to assess the proposed IDS. The evaluation’s findings showed that the performance of our suggested system is superior to that of traditional intrusion detection methods.</p>

This paper is a hypothetical investigation with tongue firmly in cheek - prompted by the discovery of a plastic collectible Toy Story Alien toy depicted wearing anaglyph glasses. The Toy Story Alien has three eyes and was first introduced in the 1995 Pixar movie Toy Story. Would it be possible for three-eyed aliens to see in 3D using red-cyan anaglyph glasses? Probably not, for reasons described in the presentation, but a possible solution is provided. There are real-world examples of anaglyph glasses being fitted to Praying Mantis and Cuttle Fish to investigate 3D vision, so why not aliens? The presentation also discusses options for other types of three-lens 3D glasses such as passive polarised and active 3D glasses. Are there any useful insights from this investigation? Its an interesting thought experiment, so well let you decide!

In this paper, the optimal distribution generation (DG) size and location for power flow analysis at the smart grid by hybrid method are proposed. The proposed hybrid method is the Interactive Autodidactic School (IAS) and the Most Valuable Player Algorithm (MVPA) and commonly named as IAS-MVPA method. The main aim of this work is to reduce line loss and total harmonic distortion (THD), similarly, to recover the voltage profile of system through the optimal location and size of the distributed generators and optimal rearrangement of network. Here, IAS-MVPA method is utilized as a rectification tool to get the maximum DG size and the maximal reconfiguration of network at environmental load variation. In case of failure, the IAS method is utilized for maximizing the DG location. The IAS chooses the line of maximal power loss as optimal location to place the DG based on the objective function. The fault violates the equality and inequality restrictions of the safe limit system. From the control parameters, the low voltage drift is improved using the MVPA method. The low-voltage deviation has been exploited for obtaining the maximum capacity of the DG. After that, the maximum capacity is used at maximum location that improves the power flow of the system. The proposed system is performed on MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the effectiveness is assessed by comparing it with various existing processes such as generic algorithm (GA), Cuttle fish algorithm (CFA), adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm (AGOA) and artificial neural network (ANN).

Fisheries and aquaculture industry, which provides a continuous and high-return market advantage to potential countries, is also one of the priority industries for Turkey. Although Turkey has important advantages with its geographic position and bio-diversity, the industry's contribution to foreign trade is not at an acceptable level. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate the capture fishery and aquaculture products, which provide the best contribution to the foreign trade of Turkey. Thus, the present paper aims to provide foreign trade executives with an intuition about the most appropriate products to invest in and contributing products to Turkish foreign trade within the scope of market strategies. Entropy-WASPAS, which is a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method, is used for evaluating the contribution of fishery and aquaculture products to Turkish foreign trade. This model includes both criteria (production, import quantity, import value, export quantity, export value) and alternatives (trout, sea bream, sea bass, sprat, atlantic bonito, anchovy, horse mackerel, pilchard, sea snail, prawn, cuttle fish, mussel). Entropy is used to determine the criteria weights, and WASPAS is applied for ranking the fishery and aquaculture products. According to the results, export value is the most important criteria while Sea Bream is found as the most significant product for Turkey’s foreign trade.

Fisheries plays a pivotal role in the economy, food security, foreign exchange earnings and employment of the coastal population. Maharashtra is bestowed with a coastline of 720 km spread over 7 coastal districts, viz. Thane, Palghar, Mumbai city, Mumbai suburban, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg along the Arabian sea with rich marine fishery resources. There are 25 fishing zones in the seven districts with 173 fish landing centres. The total marine fish production from the state during 2018-19 was 4.6 MT valued at `6298 crores (DOF, Government of Maharashtra). The state offers huge potential for the sustainable utilization of the marine bioresources for fisheries, mariculture, coastal aquaculture and post -harvest development and exports. Maharashtra falls under the North- West coast which contributes the highest (32.8%) in the total catch during 2019-20. The major share is contributed by pelagic resources (39%), followed by crustaceans (31%), demersal comprising 22% and molluscs (7%). The prominent species/groupwise landings include non-penaeid shrimp (21%), penaeid shrimp (9%), Bombay duck and croakers (8.2%), Indian mackeral (6.9%), threadfin breams (5.9%), squids (5.1%), ribbon fishes (4.1%), golden anchovy (4%), horse mackerel (3.5%), cuttle fish (2.1%), silver pomfret (2.0%). The trawl fishing accounted for 55%, set bagnet (SBN/Dolnet) 23%, purse seines (15%) and gillnet (7%) (CMFRI Annual Report 2019).

Conservative Class II Foils.

This paper proposes an efficient technique for optimum scheduling of micro-grids with multi-period islanding restrictions. The proposed method is joint implementation of Cuttle Fish Algorithm (CFA) and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA); is known CFCS method. Here, the CFA search behavior is modified by the CSA update position. The proposed CFCS system is utilized for optimal scheduling of micro-grid and considerably decreases the calculation load. The main purpose of proposed work is diminish the micro-grid operation cost together with the dispatch-able units operation cost, cost of power transmission as main grid with inconvenience cost recognized with consumers. The cost of power transmission from main phase can be positive or negative based on the flow direction of transmission line linking the microcircuit to main phase. Negative cost that represents an export of power to main grid emerges as economic advantage of micro-grid. Cost of inconvenience implies the penalty of modifiable loads programming outside the time intervals particular by the consumers. Constant penalty factor is utilized for prioritizing loads with respect to operation sensitivity inside the particular time intervals, in which a superior value of the penalty factor implies a least flexible load based on time interval operation settings. The value of the penalty factor is chosen reasonably greater to unit generation cost and market price. In proposed technique, the CFCS is used for establishing the correct program of the MG combinations according to load side power range. The CFCS method, objective function can be defined as system data subject to equality and inequality limitations. At that time, CFCS model is performed at MATLAB/Simulink working platform and performance is estimated to existing techniques.

Comparison of the Model-predicted and Measured Target Strength of Cuttlebones from Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta

Some animals optimize their foraging activity by learning and memorizing food availability, in terms of quantity and quality, and adapt their feeding behaviour accordingly. Here, we investigated whether cuttlefish flexibly adapt their foraging behaviour according to the availability of their preferred prey. In Experiment 1, cuttlefish switched from a selective to an opportunistic foraging strategy (or <i>vice versa</i>) when the availability of their preferred prey at night was predictable versus unpredictable. In Experiment 2, cuttlefish exhibited day-to-day foraging flexibility, in response to what will happen in the proximate future (i.e. preferred prey available on alternate nights). In Experiment 1, the number of crabs eaten during the day decreased when shrimp (i.e. preferred food) were predictably available at night, while the consumption of crabs during the day was maintained when shrimp availability was unpredictable. Cuttlefish quickly shifted from one strategy to the other, when experimental conditions were reversed. In Experiment 2, cuttlefish only reduced their consumption of crabs during the daytime when shrimps were predictably available the following night. Their daytime foraging behaviour appeared dependent on shrimps' future availability. Overall, cuttlefish can adopt dynamic and flexible foraging behaviours including selective, opportunistic and future-dependent strategies, in response to changing foraging conditions.

To understand the situation of Anisakis infection of in market-available marine fish in Dongtai City, so as to provide the evidence for the assessment of the risk of human Anisakis infections. Raw and fresh marine fish caught in the sea of Dongtai City for sale were collected in 2018. The fish were weighted and dissected for the identification of Anisakis, and the prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were calculated. In addition, the correlation between the weight of Anisakis-infected marine fish and the infection intensity of Anisakis was examined. There were four species of marine fish infected with Anisakis, including Trichiurus haumela, Scomberomorus niphonius, Pneumatophorus japonicus and Larimichthys polyactis. Among the 149 fish samples, there were 78 with Anisakis infections, with a prevalence rate of 52.35%. The prevalence of Anisakis infection was 100.00% (28/28), 30.00% (9/30), 0 (0/30), 53.33% (16/30) and 80.65% (25/31) in T. haumela, S. niphonius, cuttle fish, P. japonicus and L. polyactis, respectively. A total of 1 049 Anisakis worms were collected, and the overall intensity of infection was 13.45 worms per fish. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the weight of T. haumela and the intensity of Anisakis infection (rs = 0.38, P = 0.047), and no correlation was found in other fish species. There is a high rate of Anisakis infection in marine fish along the offshore areas of Dongtai City. Intensification of health education is required and healthy and safe dietary habits are encouranged.

Round herrings, myctophids, and cuttlefishes are a crucial part of the trophic interactions in the northern Benguela, as they form important trophic linkages between macrozooplankton and predators like hake, horse mackerel, and monk. The main objective of this study was to understand their trophic relationships using stable isotope measurements of their tissues. Tissues from round herring [Etrumeus whiteheadi], Myctophid species [Symbolophorus boops, Lampanyctodes hectoris, Diaphus hudsoni, Lampanyctus australis, Diaphus meadi], and cuttlefishes [Sepia australis and Sepia elegans] specimens were collected off Namibia. There were little variations in nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) values among these species, an indication that they fed at similar trophic positions. The trophic levels ranged from 2.51 to 3.00, an indication of their zooplanktivorous feeding habits. Among these species S. boops fed at a relatively higher trophic level, while L. hectoris fed at the lowest trophic level. Diaphus hudsoni had the lowest carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values and E. whiteheadi the highest. Significant differences were observed in δ13C values between most species, suggesting significant variations in their carbon sources. Isotope-based metrics showed overlapping trophic niches, with S. boops having a significantly broader niche. Our observations support the hypothesis that although these forage species have overlapping trophic niches, there are pronounced differences in the carbon sources of their prey.

In power quality (PQ) problems, the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices have been developed the real power and reducing the PQ issues of the power system. Here the PQ analysis in photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) system with grid integrated static switched filter compensator (SSFC) is controlled by adaptive technique. The adaptive technique works with the combined process of Cuttle fish algorithm (CFA) and recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm. The proposed adaptive technique is controlling the irregular switching process of the shunt capacitor banks of a tuned arm filter in SSFC device. The novelty of the proposed technique is improved for energy efficiency and demand management in grid utilization process. Here a power injection model of SSFC is considered to control the real power flow control in terms of grid utilization. The switching process is controlled by balancing control signal generated with the help of pulse width modulation (PWM) process. To modulate the PWM is used by two regulators, which is based on a tri-loop real error managed combined weighted adjusted proportional integral derivative controller. The proposed SSFC system is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platforms and the performance is validated with some existing devices such as unified power flow controller and SSFC devices.