Cut Technique Research Articles

Effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting of Guava Psidium guava L. in low tunnel under shady situation

Softwood cuttings of gola variety of guava were successfully rooted by quick dip method of dipping the basal ends of the cuttings in mixture of indole-3-butyric acid in low tunnel under shady situation. The treated lots in every instance had a greater percentage of rooted cuttings with a higher number of roots per cutting as produced by control. Cuttings were dipped for 5 s in mixture of 0, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm of IBA. The data showed a significant positive effect of different IBA concentrations on the guava establishment. The rooted soft wood cuttings were assessed for days to sprout, sprouted cuttings, sprouting percent, average number of roots per cuttings, average root length and survival percent. In present studies among all the IBA concentration, IBA (4000 ppm) showed highest results in terms of days to sprout (22.00), sprouted cuttings (40.11), sprouting percent (68.22), average number of roots per cutting (31.65), average root length (31.65) and survival percent (57.82) respectively. In absence of indole-3-butyric acid treatment, cuttings had not rooted. We suggest that the use of softwood cuttings tested associated to indole-3-butyric acid as quick dip for 5s may be beneficial to commercial propagators with well-developed root system. The development of healthier plants after hardening under in vivo conditions showed that guava could be effectively propagated by this cheapest and soft wood cuttings technique.

Image segmentation techniques for real-time coverage measurement in shot peening processes

Shot peening is the process of treating metallic surfaces with a regulated blast of shots to increase material strength and durability. Determining the coverage level of the shots is an important parameter in assessment of the quality of treatment. Traditionally, manual coverage measurement is performed visually which is prone to human error and judgement. Despite the proposal for the use of image segmentation techniques for determining the coverage levels, literature on the topic is not extensively developed. Various relevant image segmentation techniques are investigated in this study. In particular, thresholding, edge detection, watershed segmentation, active contour, and graph cut techniques are investigated and applied to shot peen coverage measurement. The results obtained from each method are discussed and compared against a set of relevant performance criteria.

On the stability of bardeen thin-shell wormholes

This paper investigates stability of Bardeen thin-shell wormholes constructed by cut and paste technique. We use Israel formalism to evaluate surface energy density as well as pressure and check the behavior of energy conditions. The linearized stability of the respective thin-shell wormholes is investigated by using three choices of variable equation of state; two of them provide stability regions at equilibrium radius. We conclude that stable Bardeen wormhole solutions exist for particular values of equilibrium radius as well as equation of state parameter.

Precise hepatectomy based on the optimized technique of hepatic blood flow occlusion combined with the curettage and cut technique by electrotome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of precise hepatectomy based on the optimized technique of hepatic blood flow occlusion combined with the curettage and cut technique by electrotome. Hospitalized patients with primary liver cancer treated in our hospital were included in this study and all patients (N.=61) were numbered according to the inclusion sequence and were randomized into group A and group B: 1) group A: precise liver resection by using simplified blocking combining with electrotome; 2) group B: precise liver resection by using half-hepatic occlusion + CUSA assisting liver parenchyma transection+ lower central venous pressure controlled by the anesthesiologist. Postoperative laboratory examination data (blood routine, liver function, renal function, blood coagulation function, AFP quantitation) were collected, including WBC, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), creatinine (Cr), abdominal drainage volume, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, bile leakage, blood transfusion, time of postoperative passage of gas by anus, and length between postoperation and discharge. Five days postsurgery, the value of WBC between groups A and B were not significant different (8.9±2.2 vs. 8.3±2.8, P>0.05). The ALT, PT, Cr, abdominal drainage volume, abdominal drainage volume, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, bile leakage, blood transfusion, and time of postoperative passage of gas by anus between group A and B were not significant different postoperatively, respectively. And also, the length between postoperation and discharge were not significant different between two groups. Precise hepatectomy based on the optimized technique of hepatic blood flow occlusion combined with the curettage and cut technique by electrotome works well. This technology has a low requirement for hospital's operation condition and anesthetist, so it carries out a new route for the wide application of precise liver resection in basal hospitals.

Ω-Lattices

In the framework of Ω-sets, where Ω is a complete lattice, we introduce Ω-lattices, both as algebraic and as order structures. An Ω-poset is an Ω-set equipped with an Ω-valued order which is antisymmetric with respect to the corresponding Ω-valued equality. Using a cut technique, we prove that the quotient cut-substructures can be naturally ordered. Introducing notions of pseudo-infimum and pseudo-supremum, we obtain a definition of an Ω-lattice as an ordering structure. An Ω-lattice as an algebra is a bi-groupoid equipped with an Ω-valued equality, fulfilling particular lattice-theoretic formulas. On an Ω-lattice we introduce an Ω-valued order, and we prove that particular quotient substructures are classical lattices. Assuming Axiom of Choice, we prove that the two approaches are equivalent.

Deep-Drawing Forming Trials on a Cross-Ply Thermoplastic Lamina for Helmet Preform Manufacture

With the evolution of modern warfare, there is a constant demand for enhanced soldier protection. The research efforts presented in this paper focus on improving the ballistic performance of composite combat helmets through the control of fiber orientations, reduction of seam density, and preservation of long fiber lengths. To accomplish these objectives, near-net-shape preforming is explored as an alternative method to the traditional cut and dart techniques used in the manufacture of combat helmets. An overview of current fabrication procedures is provided in addition to a discussion of the material selection and preform processing technique. Forming trials are conducted on Dyneema® HB80, a cross-ply thermoplastic lamina, using a laboratory deep-draw setup to explore the effects of processing parameters on the quality of the formed part. Undesirable wrinkling that manifests during deep-drawing of the material is found to be most effectively mitigated through the use of sufficient binder pressure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a loose ply stack up is more amenable to the production of high-quality preforms than a preconsolidated charge of material.

Challenges Impacting Community Participation and Their Effect on Teaching and Learning: a Case Study of Rural Areas

This study sought to investigate challenges impacting community participation in schools and their effect on quality of education. The study was carried out in a qualitative paradigm in which a case study facilitated access to in-depth feelings, views, and opinions of community members and educators regarding their participation in providing education. Data were generated through focus group discussions with parents of children in the schools, community members without children in the schools, School Development Committee (SDC) members, and the teachers. In addition, data were generated through in-depth interviews with community leaders and school heads, observation as well as analysis of school documents such as minutes of SDC meetings, staff meetings, financial records, and children’s progress records. Data were transcribed and analysed manually through the cut and paste technique. The study found out that communities were involved in providing primary education through preparing children for school by providing food, school uniforms and stationery. Parents were also involved in children’s homework, as well as monitoring teacher and children’s attendance. In addition, parents were involved in preparing schools for children through providing labour and materials for constructing classrooms. Further, parents financed school budgets, and were involved in school governance. Challenges impacting community participation were centred on parents’ low standard of living, community attitude towards education, family income level, and school-community relations. Impact of community participation on teaching and learning included the following: hungry learners, narrow curriculum, unmotivated teachers, high rate of absenteeism and drop out, as well as ineffective school administration. The study recommended development and implementation of strategies for uplifting community standard of living through increasing family income levels and availability of food. The study, further recommends government policy on parent orientation on school processes and school based study sessions for parents and school children respectively. Government policies that prohibits the practice of sending away of children from school for non payment of levies should be reinforced.

Cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty: How much of the PCL is really retained?

It is questionable how much of the PCL is really preserved following a complete transverse tibial cut during a cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is hypothesized that a complete transverse tibial cut jeopardizes the PCL tibial insertion during a common CR TKA. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess intraoperatively the amount of PCL tibial attachment damage following a standard complete tibial cut technique. Thirty consecutive female patients suffering from degenerative knee osteoarthritis were included. Two measurements were performed on preoperative MRI images. On sagittal plane, the PCL facet of tibia and the PCL tibial attachment were measured. All 30 patients underwent a TKA using a common CR prosthesis. Postoperatively, the amount of PCL facet resection was measured on the resected tibial plateau using a digital sliding caliper. In preoperative MRI images, the length of the PCL facet of tibia was found 25.5±2.1mm and the length of the PCL tibial attachment was 14.5±1.3mm. The amount of PCL facet resection following TKA was 20.6±2.2mm on average. This result corresponds to an average resection of 65.1±15.9% of the PCL tibial attachment following TKA. The hypothesis that a complete transverse tibial cut during a conventional CR TKA jeopardizes the PCL tibial insertion was confirmed. According to measurements performed on preoperative knee MRI scans and surgical specimens of resected tibial plateaus, a significant amount of the PCL insertion on the tibia is actually removed in the majority of cases. Surgeons should be aware that when resecting the tibial plateau without using a technique that spares the PCL tibial attachment, there is a high risk of considerable damage to the PCL that may, in turn, increase the likelihood of potential complications due to PCL deficiency. IV.

Fracture Resistance of Laminate Veneers Made with Different Cutting and Preparation Techniques

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of most used three preparation techniques applied laminate veneers made with three different restoration methods. Materials and Methods: 195 same sized maxillary central incisor teeth were grouped 10 different groups randomly. (testing groups n=20, control group n=15) Three different preparation techniques used for teeth preparation which were feather-edge, insical overlap and window. Laminate veneers were produced with three different methods that direct, indirect technique, and CAD/CAM milling. Control group was chosen from untreated teeth. Universal testing machine was used for fracture resistance test. Data were analyzed with two-ways ANOVA and Tukey LSD. Results: According to results, statistically differences were found between all groups.(p<0,05) Combination of insical overlap preparation and direct technique has higher fracture resistance values than other groups.(563,9 N). Conclusions: Preparation and restoration techniques are important for fracture resistance of laminate veneers.

A novel compact UWB monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth using triangular defected microstrip structure and stepped cut technique

In this paper, a compact monopole wideband antenna is designed and manufactured for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. In order to extend the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, rectangular and triangular slots are etched from the partial ground and from the center of the rectangular patch respectively. Also, by cutting the lower corners of the radiating patch using stepped technique, additional resonances are regenerated and lead to further improvement in the covered bandwidth. The proposed patch antenna has advantageous of compactness its overall size equals 40 × 40 mm2.Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna design exhibits a bandwidth from 2.9 – 19.2 GHz for VSWR< 2. The antenna structure provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of 148%. These inherent characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for efficient transmission and reception in UWB systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1514–1519, 2016

Geo-Cutting Liver Tumor

The issue of intuitive frontal area/foundation division in still pictures is of awesome down to earth significance in picture altering. They maintain a strategic distance from the limit length predisposition of chart cut strategies and results in expanded affectability to seed situation. Another proposed technique for completely programmed handling structures is given taking into account Graph-cut and Geodesic Graph cut calculations. This paper addresses the issue of dividing liver and tumor locales from the stomach CT pictures. The absence of edge displaying in geodesic or comparable methodologies confines their capacity to exactly restrict object limits, something at which chart cut strategies by and large exceed expectations. A predicate is characterized for measuring the confirmation for a limit between two locales utilizing Geodesic Graph-based representation of the picture. The calculation is connected to picture division utilizing two various types of nearby neighborhoods in building the chart. Liver and hepatic tumor division can be naturally prepared by the Geodesic chart cut based strategy. This framework has focused on finding a quick and intuitive division strategy for liver and tumor division. In the pre-handling stage, Mean movement channel is connected to CT picture process and factual thresholding technique is connected for diminishing preparing zone with enhancing discoveries rate. In the Second stage, the liver area has been divided utilizing the calculation of the proposed strategy. Next, the tumor district has been portioned utilizing Geodesic Graph cut strategy. Results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is less inclined to shortcutting than run of the mill diagram cut techniques while being less delicate to seed position and preferable at edge restriction over geodesic strategies. This prompts expanded division exactness and decreased exertion with respect to the client. At long last Segmented Liver and Tumor Regions were appeared from the stomach Computed Tomographic picture.

ARAUCARIA CLONAL FORESTRY: TYPES OF CUTTINGS AND MOTHER TREE SEX IN FIELD SURVIVAL AND GROWTH

ABSTRACT Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze (Paraná pine or Araucaria) is a potential forestry native species for Brazilian silviculture. However, a number of challenges and technical restraints persist, hindering its silvicultural expansion, among which are the lack of cloning technologies of superior genetic materials and their assessment under field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the potential use of araucaria plants derived from cuttings and seeds for timber production, by assessing field survival, growth and strobilus production using cuttings from male and female plants, collected from different positions, compared with those produced by sexual reproduction. Clones of male and female trees from different types of cuttings and seedlings were planted in 3 x 3 m spacing. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of one tree plot with three treatments. Female clones and apical cuttings showed higher growth in diameter at breast height (6.4 cm) and total height (3.6 m) 74 months after planting, followed by seedlings and other clones, with similar results. We conclude that cuttings technique is potential for araucaria propagation for wood production purposes, and it is favored by the use of apical cuttings from female mother trees.

External jugular venous cut down technique for placement of chemotherapy port and Hickman catheter: a study of 23 cases

Background: Intravenous access devices are an integral part of cancer treatment today as these devices solve the most important problem of venous access for long duration while delivering chemotherapeutic drugs. We used external jugular venous cut down method for insertion of the catheter into central veins in twenty three consecutive patients and studied the outcomes. Methods: We analysed 23 patients who were considered for placement of chemotherapy ports and catheters for various indications. Uniform insertion procedure was followed in all patients. The outcome factors analysed were total operative time, type of anaesthesia, blood loss, and incidence of complications like hematoma and hem pneumothorax, correct placement of the tip, time to start chemotherapy, wound infection. Results: In all the patients, operative time was less than 30 minutes, total blood loss was insignificant which was measured as less than a gauze piece soakage, procedure was comfortably done under local anaesthesia in all the patients, none of the patients had hematoma or chest cavity collections, tip was well placed in superior vena cava except in one where the tip migrated into contralateral brachiocephalic vein, all patients started chemotherapy the next day and there was no wound infection. Conclusion: External jugular venous cut down technique is a very useful easily performed technique with excellent safety profile, very short procedure duration. Hence may be done even by those without a previous exposure to such device placement.

A centrifugal microfluidic device with integrated gold leaf electrodes for the electrophoretic separation of DNA.

Current conventional methods utilized for forensic DNA analysis are time consuming and labor-intensive requiring large and expensive equipment and instrumentation. While more portable Rapid DNA systems have been developed, introducing them to a working laboratory still necessitates a high cost of initiation followed by the recurrent cost of the devices. This has highlighted the need for an inexpensive, rapid and portable DNA analysis tool for human identification in a forensic setting. In order for an integrated DNA analysis system such as this to be realized, device operations must always be concluded by a rapid separation of short-tandem repeat (STR) DNA fragments. Contributing to this, we report the development of a unique, multi-level, centrifugal microdevice that can perform both reagent loading and DNA separation. The fabrication protocol was inspired by the print, cut and laminate (PCL) technique described previously by our group, and in accordance, offers a rapid and inexpensive option compared with existing approaches. The device comprises multiple polyester-toner fluidic layers, a cyclic olefin copolymer separation domain and integrated gold leaf electrodes. All materials are commercially-available and complement the PCL process in a way that permits fabrication of increasingly sought after single-use devices. All reagents, including a viscous sieving matrix, are loaded centrifugally, eliminating external pneumatic pumping, and the sample is separated in <5 minutes using an effective separation length of only 4 cm (reagent loading to completed separation, is <37 minutes). The protocol for gold leaf electrode manufacture yielded up to 30 electrodes for less than $3 (cost of a 79 mm × 79 mm gold leaf sheet) and when using a device combining these electrodes and centrifugal reagent/polymer loading, the electrophoretic separation of STR fragments with two base resolution was demonstrated. This exemplary performance makes the device an ideal candidate for further integration and development of an inexpensive, portable and rapid forensic human identification system.

Graph Based Optic Disc Detection with Multi Threshold Segmentation using K-Means Clustering for Retinopathy Classification

A combination of Graph cut technique and k-means clustering with multi threshold medical image segmentation for retinopathy classification is presented. The main objective of medical image segmentation is to extract the anatomic structures and its characteristics with respect to some input features. There exist various methodologies for medical image segmentation and retinopathy classification but struggles with missing features and false exudates in the medical images. We propose a new technique to increase the resolution of the medical images to identify the features and edges of the medical images. The medical image is preprocessed to reduce the noise, and then multi level histogram is generated in the first phase of the process. In the second stage, with the initial segmentation obtained with gray level contours, and we generate the histogram then we construct the pixel adjacency graph in which each nodes represents the set of pixels of the image and edges links the neighbor pixels. We calculate the similarity of neighboring pixels; based on the distance value we cluster the similar pixels to a class. We use k-means clustering to group similar pixels and we used Euclidean distance measure to calculate the similarity between pixels. The optic disc is identified using the segmented results and the proposed method is carried out iteratively until the user gets satisfied. The method will be carried out repeatedly with the user defined threshold value. The threshold is used to group pixels with in the distance. With the proposed technique the features are maintained and the resolution of the image enhanced. The time complexity of the process is reduced.

Malware Detection and Elimination using Bayesian Technique and Nymble Algorithm

Background/Objectives: DTN becomes popular because of its ability to cope with the problems in traditional infrastructural model. Like other kinds of network it is also subjected to malware attacks. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Pattern matching technique is so far used. But that is not secure in DTN as there is changing network topology. In this paper, a novel malware processing technique is proposed which uses Bayesian technique and Nymble algorithm. Bayesian technique is used to fabricate a secure DTN and Nymble algorithm helps in removing malware. Findings: Bayesian technique is used in non DTN techniques for malware processing. While using Bayesian techniques to generate a secure DTN without false positive, active attacks, passive attacks, false negative, effect of liars, effect of malware affected nodes, inadequate evidence and malware spreading. All the challenges are addressed using dogmatic filtering, adaptive look ahead, cut off strategy techniques. Nymble algorithm enhances the security of DTN. It provides ambiguity, rate limiting, subjective blacklisting and non-frame ability. Application/Improvements: The proposed techniques are used to identify any abnormal behavior of the nodes and complaints will be posted. Only authenticated users can post complaints. In addition to this, it provides cryptographic security to the users. The non-legitimate nodes in the network will be blocked and displayed. This improves the QoS of the DTN.

Irredundant Subset Cut Enumeration for Reliability Evaluation of Flow Networks

Capacity Related Reliability (CRR) is an important performance index for flow networks. Most of the CRR evaluation techniques proposed in literature, which deal with subset cut enumeration from minimal cut sets, generate a large number of redundant subsets. The efforts in validating these subsets as cuts and then removing the redundant subset cuts makes these approaches computationally inefficient. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new subset cut enumeration technique using a proposed decomposition method to avoid generating higher order redundant subset cuts of the network, where order refers to the number of links present in the cut. The proposed decomposition method decomposes a cut into new cuts if the cut has a subset in already enumerated valid subset cuts. Such newly generated cuts do not have any subset which is equal to or a superset of already enumerated valid subset cuts. Therefore, if the subsets of these newly generated cuts qualify as valid subset cuts, then none of them are equal to or a superset of any earlier valid subset cuts. The subset cut enumeration technique, along with the decomposition method, completely eliminates the chances of generating higher order redundant subset cuts. However, it leaves a small chance of generating redundant subset cuts as sometimes an already enumerated valid subset cut may become a superset of a valid subset cut, enumerated from a minimal cut treated later, making previously enumerated valid subset cut(s) redundant.

A column generation approach for aircraft sequencing problems: a computational study

This paper investigates the computational tractability of aircraft sequencing problems over multiple runways under mixed mode operations, contrasting an enhanced mixed-integer programme (MIP) and an accelerated column generation approach. First, we examine the benefit of augmenting a base MIP with valid inequalities, preprocessing routines, and symmetry-defeating hierarchical constraints in order to improve the performance of branch-and-bound (B&B)/cut techniques as implemented in commercial solvers. Second, we alternatively reformulate the problem as a set partitioning model that prompts the development of a specialized column generation approach. The latter is accelerated by incorporating an interior point dual stabilization scheme and a complementary column generation routine. Empirical results using a set of new, computationally challenging instances and classical instances in the OR Library reveal the potential and limitations of the two methodologies.

Anatomical Characterization and Evaluation of Starch Granules in Grains of Black Common Bean and Cowpea in Raw and Cooked

Bean is a popular name for a large variety of seeds from Leguminosae family. Beans are very important in human and animal diet because it´s a rich source of fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins B-complex and minerals, at relatively low cost. The Vigna unguiculata specie, known as cowpea-bean is widely consumed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, featuring the typical cuisine of these regions, in which the most famous dish is called Acaraje. This legume is also widely consumed in many African countries. The species Phaseolus vulgaris, the common-bean, alongside of rice is part of the daily diet in many parts of the world, composing one of the most nutritionally complete meals. This study aimed to achieve, by the optical microscopy techniques, the anatomical structure characterization of seeds of common-bean variety black, and cowpea-bean, as well as evaluation of starch granules present in grains in the forms raw, and cooked in a pressure cooker. Slides were prepared by the techniques of free-hand cut, and cut with the microtome in which the samples were previously embedded in paraffin. In the images of raw cotyledon samples under polarized light, the typical model of Maltese cross resulting by birefringence of the crystalline regions of the starch granule and the spherical structure was observed. In the images of cotyledon of the cowpea cooked samples, with polarized light, was not observed the starches granules, indicating a loss of molecular ordering due to heat greater than 120°F, but in the samples of cooked black bean, the granules of starch is present, may indicate a long time of grain storage. Three tissues layers can be observed in the images of hand-free-cut integument: epidermis, hypodermis and palisade parenchyma. The samples prepared by embedment in paraffin had their structures palisade disrupted, suggesting that the samples are suffering interference by technique.

Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia in the adult population. Ablation lines have largely replaced the historical and challenging cut and sew techniques. Surgical ablation of AF is commonly performed in cases with other indications for cardiac surgery and less commonly as a stand-alone therapy. Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of this procedure. Extended left atrial ablation lines may increase efficacy in cases with longstanding persistent or permanent AF. Additional efficacy by adding right atrial ablation is controversial but is often performed in cases undergoing right atrial or atrial septal surgery. Left atrial volume reduction is recommended in cases with large left atria and AF undergoing another cardiac surgery. Arrhythmia recurrence is not uncommon after surgical ablation of AF and varies among studies due to heterogeneity in patient population, lesion set and endpoints. Freedom from AF recurrence was 65-87% at 12 months and 58-70% at 2 years follow-up. Long-term monitoring is recommended due to an increased prevalence of asymptomatic recurrences. The strongest predictors of AF recurrence are longstanding or persistent AF and a large left atrium. The most common mechanisms of recurrence are pulmonary vein reconnection, nonpulmonary vein triggers, and gaps in the ablation lines. About 20% of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences are atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia. There are not enough data in the surgical literature to support withdrawal of anticoagulation after surgical AF ablation. Patients selected for stand-alone surgical ablation usually have low risk profiles and low postoperative mortality rates (0.2%).