Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Research Articles

Veronaea botryosa induced cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant recipient- An intriguing report from India

Veronaea botryosa induced cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant recipient- An intriguing report from India

Recalcitrant cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Medicopsis romeroi successfully treated by oral terbinafine: A case report

Recalcitrant cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Medicopsis romeroi successfully treated by oral terbinafine: A case report

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> in an immunosuppressed patient: A case report and brief review

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> in an immunosuppressed patient: A case report and brief review

Genome Sequence Resource of Curvularia clavata Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Tobacco by Oxford Nanopore PromethION.

Genome Sequence Resource of Curvularia clavata Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Tobacco by Oxford Nanopore PromethION.

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus) in northeastern Brazil

An adult male greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus) was found dead in a suburban area in the municipality of Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. At post-mortem examination, the bat was emaciated and had multifocal to coalescent grey, crusted, dry, scaly cutaneous lesions, irregularly distributed over the dorsal thoracoabdominal region, muzzle, labial commissures, ears and dorsoventral surfaces of the patagia. Histopathology revealed numerous longitudinal and transverse sections of fungal organisms, with weakly basophilic walls, associated with multifocal areas of ulceration of the epidermis, necrosis, rupture and discontinuity of collagen fibres in the dermis without any inflammatory response. Molecular identification matched the organism to Cladosporium spp, Curvularia spp, Exserohilum spp, Bipolaris spp (100%) and Alternaria spp (97%), all of which have been associated with phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis should be included as a differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in chiropterans.

P225 Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Phaeoacremonium species in a renal transplant recipient

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMObjectivePhaeohyphomycosis refers to infections due to a large group of heterogenous organisms called ‘dematiaceous’ or ‘melanized’ fungi. The infection exhibits a wide spectrum of presentations such as deep local infections, pulmonary infection, cerebral infection, and disseminated disease, which are associated with high mortality. The incidence of phaeohyphomycosis among solid organ transplant recipients is 0.7%. Hereby, we report a case of phaeohyphomycosis in a post renal transplant patient who presented with a subcutaneous swelling over the right elbow region.MethodA detailed history was obtained from the patient after informed consent. The cystic fluid was subjected to microbiological including bacterial (Gram stain, culture on blood agar incubated at 37°C) and fungal investigations [Calcofluor potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) incubated at 37°C and 25°C and brain heart infusion agar (BHI) incubated at 25°C]. The identification of isolate was done phenotypically by preparing lactophenol cotton blue (LCB) mount from slide culture and molecular technique using Sanger's sequencing.ResultA 61-year-old diabetic and post renal transplant (7 years) male presented with complaints of swelling over the right elbow region for 5 months duration. Swelling was insidious in onset, gradually progressive, painless, cystic, non-pulsatile, non-reducible, ∼9 × 7 cm in size, lobular in shape with irregular surface having normal overlying skin which minimally restricting the movement of the elbow. There was no history of trauma over the elbow region. Reddish purulent pus was received for mycological investigation. Calcofluor KOH mount demonstrated septate hyphae. Culture on SDA incubated at 37°C and 25°C grew cream-colored colonies, turning grayish beige to olive-brown and developed clusters of aerial hyphae with reverse tan to brown in color after 2 weeks of incubation. LCB mount showed hyaline to brownish hyphae, cylindrical phialides growing along the hyphae with slightly tapering towards the apex, hyaline, oblong, conidia, gathering in clusters at end of phialide. Phenotypically, the fungus was identified as Phaeoacremonium species and molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility are awaited. Patient was advised for surgical excision but he left against medical advice. Currently, he is not receiving any antifungals.ConclusionPhaeohyphomycosis is a rare and unique entity among fungal infections. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis predominantly occurs on the extremities with a localized solitary nodule or abscess. A high index of suspicion and the surgical approach including excision or debridement are mainly chosen.

Emerging Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Alternaria infectoria.

Alternaria species belong to a group of opportunistic fungi that causes skin infection mainly in immunosuppressed patients. The authors describe two clinically distinct cases of cutaneous alternariosis caused by Alternaria infectoria in patients under prolonged corticosteroid treatment. Additionally, a brief review of published cases in portuguese patients is conducted.

Novel cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum from North India

A growing number of non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts with the ability to act as human pathogens are reported every year. Dematiaceous fungi cause phaeohyphomycosis which encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from superficial (cutaneous and subcutaneous) to disseminated infections. Such fungal infections are responsible for causing significant morbidity and mortality, frequently in immunocompromised patients and rarely in immunocompetent patients. To investigate the prevalence of cutaneous mycosis in Jammu district (India) and to isolate and identify the recovered causal agents from the affected skin of the patients. For direct microscopy, 10% KOH was used. Skin samples were collected carefully from the affected areas of suspected patients, followed by the isolation and identification of the causal agents by cultural examination, morphological examination and ITS sequencing. Herein, we report and describe three new cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis from District Jammu of Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir, India. The age of the patients under study ranged from 17 to 42years and the duration of infection from 1 to 2years. The etiological agents that were recovered from the patients under study were Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum. These dematiaceous fungal species were isolated from the skin specimen of immunocompetent hosts. Among the three isolated etiological agents, two (Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici) represent new global records and one (Phialemonium obovatum) new record to India as causal agents of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Careful microscopic and mycological examination form the basis of correct diagnosis of such fungal infections in the absence of simple and reliable laboratory tests (serologic or antigen tests).

Phialemoniopsis limonesiae sp. nov. causing cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed woman

ABSTRACT Rare or opportunistic fungal infections are mostly described in immunosuppressed patients. We present a case of a cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis that developed on the dorsal foot in an immunosuppressed woman suffering from AIDS, caused by a novel Phialemoniopsis species. It clinically presented as an indurated violaceous plaque, surmounted by nodules exuding a sero-purulent discharge. A filamentous fungus was isolated from pus and cutaneous biopsy. ITS and LSU sequences phylogenetically resolved the fungus as an unknown species of Phialemoniopsis, which is an unresolved family within Sordariomycetes. In this study we describe the new species as Phialemoniopsis limonesiae, which clusters on a single branch clearly separated from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. This new strain showed low MIC to itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole.

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in renal transplant recipient

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in renal transplant recipient

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Alternaria alternata in an immunosuppressed patient

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in an immunosuppressed patient

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

Marginal zone lymphomas of the MALT type are a type of B-cell neoplasms that involve extranodal tissues and have an indolent clinical behavior. The stomach is the most common site and most patients are infected by Helicobacter pylori. An increase in the resistance of this bacterium to several antibiotics has been observed in the last years and this fact has determined the review of treatment guidelines. In areas with resistance to clarithromycin greater than 15%, classical triple therapy should be abandoned and quadruple regimens with or without bismuth are currently recommended. Thus, these new guidelines for eradication treatment should be applied to patients with gastric MALT lymphoma associated with H. pylori infection.Los linfomas de la zona marginal de tipo MALT son un tipo de neoplasias de células B que afectan tejidos extraganglionares y tienen un curso clínico indolente. El estómago es la localización más frecuente y la mayor parte de los pacientes están infectados por Helicobacter pylori. En los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de la resistencia de esta bacteria a varios antibióticos y este hecho ha motivado la revisión de las pautas de tratamiento. Actualmente se propone que en zonas geográficas con resistencias a claritromicina superiores al 15% se abandone la triple terapia clásica y se utilicen pautas cuádruples con o sin bismuto. Así, estas nuevas recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento erradicador se deben aplicar a los pacientes con linfoma MALT gástrico asociado a infección por H. pylori.

From phaeohyphomycosis to disseminated chromoblastomycosis: A retrospective study of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi

ObjectiveInfections caused by dematiaceous fungi are more common in tropical and subtropical areas. We aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological and therapeutic aspects of case patients diagnosed at a University Hospital located on an Indian Ocean island. Patients and methodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi diagnosed at the University Hospital of Saint-Pierre, Reunion, from 2000 to 2015. Mycological identifications were performed at the National Reference Center for Invasive Mycosis and Antifungal Agents (Paris). ResultsThe review of clinical and microbiological data of 11 patients identified revealed that five were infected by dematiaceous fungi. Two had cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, two had cerebral phaeohyphomycosis and one had cutaneous chromoblastomycosis with brain and potentially medullary dissemination. Skin lesions and cerebral abscesses were quite varied. ConclusionInfections caused by dematiaceous fungi are rare. Medullary and brain localizations are extremely rare, especially for chromoblastomycosis. Cutaneous manifestations of phaeohyphomycosis are varied; diagnosis is thus more difficult. It is therefore important, when confronted with a chronic tumor-like lesion in endemic areas, to perform a biopsy for pathology and fungal culture. While surgical excision is not always sufficient, medical treatment of these infections is not standardized, but relies on an azole, which can be associated with another antifungal agent.

Successful treatment of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala lecanii‐corni with voriconazole

Successful treatment of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Exophiala lecanii‐corni</i> with voriconazole

Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of foot web by Curvularia lunata

A case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of the foot affecting interdigital spaces between toes in a 31 year old immunocompetent male with no history of diabetes is illustrated. Fugal elements were found in direct microscopic examination of skin scrapping.

The first case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris spicifera in Northern China: A case report.

Phaeohyphomycosis (PHM) is a term used to describe any fungus presenting in tissues with pseudohyphae, hyphae, brown yeast-like cells or a combination of these forms. Sinusitis and skin infections are the most common presentation of subcutaneous PHM caused by the fungus Bipolaris spicifera. However, the majority of cases have so far been encountered in tropical climatic zones. The present study documents a case of subcutaneous PHM caused by infection with Bipolaris spicifera in a 56-year-old Chinese man, who presented with plaque papillomatosis on the left foot. The organism isolated from the lesion scar and tissue was identified as Bipolaris spicifera by its morphology, histopathology and DNA sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole and terbinafine.

Facial cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis associated with Alternaria infectoriae infection

SummaryCutaneous nodular disease in the horse is relatively rare and usually associated with arthropod bites, dermal hyperplasia and inflammatory or neoplastic infiltrates. Equine phaeohyphomycosis, particularly alternariosis, has been previously described in the literature and is usually associated with Alternaria alternata. In this article we report a case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by a member of Alternaria section Infectoriae in a horse. To our knowledge this is the first time that this organism has been identified in equids. Despite A. Infectoriae being commonly isolated in individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy and/or suffering from Cushing's syndrome, we could not determine a link between pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and fungal infection in this case. The mare responded well to surgical excision of the cutaneous lesions and made a full recovery.

Cytological and Histological Charaterization of Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in a Cat

Cytological and Histological Charaterization of Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in a Cat

Three rare cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis

Phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic infectious condition caused by dematiaceous fungi which usually involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is characterised by papulonodules, verrucous, hyperkeratotic or ulcerated plaques, cysts, abscesses, pyogranuloma, non-healing ulcers or sinuses. In India, commonly associated genera are Exophiala, Phialophora, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fonsecaea and Alternaria. This condition involves the presence of brown-walled hyphal structures in the dermis and epidermis. Here, we are reporting a rare case series of three patients of phaeohyphomycosis with lesions on finger and dorsum of the hand.

A Case of Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in an Immunocompetent Patient Caused by Curvularia Species: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A Case of Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in an Immunocompetent Patient Caused by Curvularia Species: Case Report and Review of the Literature