Cutaneous Focal Mucinosis Research Articles

Dermoscopy of Solitary Cutaneous Focal Mucinosis.

Dermoscopy of Solitary Cutaneous Focal Mucinosis.

Solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis during immunotherapy for melanoma

Solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis during immunotherapy for melanoma

35389 Polidocanol: A review of clinical uses

Polidocanol is a nonionic detergent sclerosant that disrupts the intimal lining of blood vessels by inducing a negative charge on endothelial surfaces. Ultimately, thrombotic occlusion at the site of endothelial damage gives rise to endovascular fibrosis and effective obliteration of the target vessel. Polidocanol is FDA-approved for the treatment of uncomplicated spider veins and reticular veins in the lower extremity. Despite its limited indication, there are numerous reports of polidocanol’s use for a variety of off-label conditions. The purpose of our study was to describe the dermatologic clinical uses of polidocanol and to characterize efficacy and adverse effects associated with its various applications. In a review of literature searchable on PubMed from 2004 to 2020, polidocanol has shown efficacy in the treatment of varicose veins, hemangioma, mucocele of the minor salivary gland, pyogenic granuloma, lymphangioma circumscriptum, digital mucus cyst, mixed skin ulcer, cutaneous focal mucinosis, seroma, glomovenous malformation, acne cyst, and lymphocele. Commonly reported complications of polidocanol therapy include pain, edema, ecchymosis, ulceration, tissue necrosis, and thrombosis of the treated vein. Although not always first-line therapy, polidocanol may be chosen as a treatment method for off-label conditions due to its low cost, ease of use, and adaptability to difficult anatomic locations.

Polidocanol: A Review of Off-Label Dermatologic Uses.

Polidocanol is an FDA-approved treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins, accessory saphenous veins, and visible varicosities of the great saphenous vein system, but numerous other off-label dermatological applications have been reported. To describe the various off-label dermatological clinical uses of polidocanol, as well as efficacy and adverse effects. The review of studies searchable on PubMed from 2004 to 2021 describing clinical uses of polidocanol to determine efficacy and adverse effects associated with various dermatologic applications. Polidocanol has shown efficacy in the treatment of mucocele of minor salivary gland, hemangioma, upper extremity veins, reticular veins of the chest, facial veins, pyogenic granuloma, lymphangioma circumscriptum, digital mucous cyst, mixed skin ulcers, cutaneous focal mucinosis, seromas, glomuvenous malformations, acne cysts, lymphocele, and dissecting cellulitis. Commonly reported side effects include pain, erythema, swelling, ecchymosis, and ulceration. Most sources were case reports and small prospective studies, as such the strength of data supporting many uses is limited by small sample sizes and lack of controls. Although polidocanol is currently only FDA approved for incompetent great saphenous veins, accessory saphenous veins, and visible varicosities of the great saphenous vein system, the use of polidocanol has been selected for a variety of off-label clinical applications.

Oral Focal Mucinosis, an uncommon entity: Report of three cases

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare soft tissue lesion of unknown etiology and it is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis or cutaneous myxoid cyst. The pathogenesis of OFM may be explained by fibroblast overproduction of hyaluronic acid. Clinically, it appears as painless swelling of the same color as the surrounding mucosa. The gingiva is the most common site and the diagnosis is established only by histopathological and immunohistological examination. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We present three cases of gingival oral focal mucinosis. Case 1: 40 year-old womatn with painless and slow-growing swelling of two years of evolution at buccal mandibular gingiva, between lateral incisor and canine. The lesion measured 2 cm. and exhibited the same color as the overlying mucosa; there was not radiographic involvement. Case 2: 48 year-old female with a hard palatal swelling. The lesion was sessile, firm, and not color change Case 3: 36 year-old male with a painless and same color as the normal mucosa gingival swelling. The lesion was between central and lateral right incisors, it was sessil and measured 1.5 cm Results In the three cases excisional biopsy was performed and histopathologically they shown the proliferation of elongated and mucinous material in a myxoid matrix. This myxoid stroma was surrounded by collagenous fibrous connective tissue and covered with squamous epithelium. Histochemical staining with Alcian blue was positive in the mucinous areas Conclusions These three cases are significant clinically as well as histopathologically. The lesions clinically mimic an ossifying peripheral fibroma or a fibroma. Thus, the histopathological and histochemical findings with special stains, such as Alcian blue, are determinant to establish the diagnosis of these conditions. Treatment is the complete surgical excision and its recurrence is not reported.

New and emerging conditions of acquired cutaneous mucinoses in adults.

Cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogenous group of conditions, characterized by the deposition of glycosaminoglycans (mucin) in the dermis, follicles, or in the epidermis. Major cutaneous mucinoses include lichen myxedematosus, scleredema, mucinoses associated with thyroid disease, reticular erythematous mucinosis, papulonodular mucinosis associated with connective tissue diseases, and cutaneous focal mucinosis. The aim of this review is to provide an update of what has currently been reported in the last 30-year literature about several new or emerging conditions of acquired cutaneous mucinoses in adults. Two new clinico-pathologic entities have been described: (i) Obesity-associated lymphedematous mucinosis and pretibial stasis mucinosis; (OACM) (ii) Nodular mucinosis of the breast (NMB). Two relatively new disease categories encompassing cutaneous mucinoses with a common pathogenetic mechanism have been identified: (i) Cutaneous mucinoses associated with drug exposure including biologic therapy, anti-colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and subcutaneous intralesional interferons (toxic dermal mucinoses); (ii) Cutaneous mucinosis following physical agents including mechanical traumas and after knee replacement.

Basal cell carcinoma associated with non-neoplastic cutaneous conditions: a comprehensive review

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be a component of a collision tumor in which the skin cancer is present at the same cutaneous site as either a benign tumor or a malignant neoplasm. However, BCC can also concurrently occur at the same skin location as a non-neoplastic cutaneous condition. These include autoimmune diseases (vitiligo), cutaneous disorders (Darier disease), dermal conditions (granuloma faciale), dermal depositions (amyloid, calcinosis cutis, cutaneous focal mucinosis, osteoma cutis, and tattoo), dermatitis, miscellaneous conditions (rhinophyma, sarcoidal reaction, and varicose veins), scars, surgical sites, systemic diseases (sarcoidosis), systemic infections (leischmaniasis, leprosy and lupus vulgaris), and ulcers. The relationship between the BCC and the coexisting non-neoplastic condition may be coincidental or possibly related to the development of the BCC; alternatively, the development of the BCC may be unrelated to the coexisting non-neoplastic conditions and secondary to either a Koebner isomorphic response or a Wolf isotopic response in an immunocompromised district of skin. This paper reviews several of the case reports and studies that describe the association of BCC with these non-neoplastic cutaneous conditions.

Oral focal mucinosis: A multi-institutional study and literature review.

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare benign condition of unknown etiology, considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. We report the clinicopathologic features of 21 cases of OFM in conjunction with a review of the literature. Clinical data were collected from the records of five oral and maxillofacial pathology services. All cases were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (vimentin, S-100, α-SMA, CD34, and mast cell). The series comprised 14 females (66.7%) and seven males (33.3%), with a mean age of 48.2 ± 20.7 years (range: 8-77 years) and a 2:1 female-to-male ratio. Most of the lesions affected the gingiva (n = 6, 28.6%) and presented clinically as asymptomatic sessile or pedunculated nodules with fibrous or hyperplasic appearance. All cases were negative for S-100 protein, CD34, and α-SMA and positive for Alcian blue staining. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment in all cases, and there was only one recurrence. OFM is a rare benign disorder that is often clinically misdiagnosed as reactive lesions or benign proliferative processes. Dermatologists and pathologists should consider OFM in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located in the gingiva.

Case report and review of solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis: a unique primary cutaneous mucinosis unrelated to mucinosis-associated systemic diseases

Localized deposition of mucin in the upper dermis is referred to as cutaneous focal mucinosis. Patients with this condition either present with a single skin lesion (solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis) or numerous skin lesions (multiple cutaneous focal mucinosis). A man with solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis is described and the features of this condition are reviewed. Solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis has a slight male predominance and typically presents in adults, ranging in age from 29 years to 60 years, as a nodule or papule that is flesh-colored or white and most commonly located on an extremity or the trunk. Microscopic examination shows deposition of mucin in the upper dermis; the overlying epidermis can be normal, atrophic or hyperplastic. The skin lesion is often removed at the time of biopsy. However, recurrence has not been observed when the mucin deposition is present at the edge of the biopsy or excision specimen. Although the pathogenesis of this condition remains to be established, in contrast to individuals with multiple cutaneous focal mucinosis, solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis is a unique primary cutaneous mucinosis unrelated to mucinosis-associated systemic diseases.

Diagnosis and treatment of oral focal mucinosis: a case series

BackgroundOral focal mucinosis, the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease. As it has no characteristic clinical or radiological features, diagnosis is established by histopathological and immunohistological examination. We present three cases of oral focal mucinosis occurring in the retromolar (which is extremely rare) and gingival regions.Case presentationCase 1 involved a 26-year-old Japanese man with radiolucency in the right retromolar region on panoramic radiograph and computed tomography; no obvious protrusion was observed in the region. This finding was clinically diagnosed as a tumor of the retromolar region. Case 2 involved a 60-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 7 × 6 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and healthy-colored mucosa. The lesion was diagnosed as an epulis. Case 3 involved a 47-year-old Japanese woman. A tumor-like mass of tissue was identified on the buccal gingiva at the maxillary right canine and first premolar region. The lesion measured 10 × 10 mm and exhibited elastic hardness and redness of the surface mucosa. This lesion was also diagnosed as an epulis. Resection was performed in all three cases, and the lesions were histopathologically diagnosed as oral focal mucinosis. Postoperative courses were uneventful and, thus far, there have been no recurrences.ConclusionsAlthough it is difficult to diagnose oral focal mucinosis based on clinical symptoms and imaging findings, the disease should be considered a possibility when diagnosing benign oral tumors. We believe that an emphasis on histopathologic study is essential to confirm the clinical suspicion.

Follicular induction and CK20+ Merkel cells overlying cutaneous focal mucinosis.

Cutaneous focal mucinosis (CFM) or focal dermal mucinosis is a benign reactive process categorized as a primary mucinosis. Skin biopsy is essential for diagnosis, as the clinical appearance is often non-specific. Follicular induction is a phenomenon whereby the epidermis is induced by an underlying process to form primitive or mature hair follicles, and is commonly seen overlying dermatofibromas. Follicular induction has been rarely described in CFM. We performed a retrospective histological review of lesions of CFM confirmed by skin biopsy from 2010 to 2015 in our department. We found that 11% (11/98) of CFM lesions showed follicular induction. Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunostaining was performed on all 11 of these biopsies that showed follicular induction and highlighted an increased density of CK20+ Merkel cells within the basaloid epidermal proliferations. As superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCC) often show a mucinous stroma around the basaloid islands, CFM with follicular induction may closely mimic a BCC histologically, particularly in superficial shave biopsies. Therefore, it is important that dermatopathologists be aware of this phenomenon. Furthermore, CK20+ staining within the basaloid epithelial proliferations may be helpful in differentiating CFM with follicular induction from a BCC.

Clinicopathological study of oral focal mucinosis: a retrospective case series.

BackgroundOral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare soft tissue lesion of unknown etiology that exhibits tumor-like growth. It is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis or cutaneous myxoid cyst. This is a retrospective study of oral OFM diagnosed over a period of 42 years at an oral pathology service.Material and MethodsClinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical data were analyzed. Alcian blue staining and S-100 immunohistochemistry were performed.ResultsEleven cases were retrieved (4:1 female-to-male ratio). The mean age was 44 years. The gingiva was the most affected site. The main clinical presentation was sessile or pedunculated lesions of fibrous or hyperplasic appearance, most of them asymptomatic. Positive Alcian blue staining and absence of S-100 protein were observed in all specimens, which supported the histological diagnosis of OFM. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice.ConclusionsAlthough rare, this study supports the inclusion of OFM in the differential diagnosis of intraoral myxoid lesions. Key words:Oral focal mucinosis, myxomatous lesion, connective tissue diseases, diagnosis.

Solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis: A clinicopathological study of 11 cases of soft fibroma-like cutaneous mucinous lesions.

Cutaneous mucinoses encompass a variety of cutaneous disorders. Cutaneous focal mucinosis (CFM) was originally described as an asymptomatic solitary lesion characterized by abundant focal cutaneous mucin deposits. However, multiple focal mucinous lesions associated with systemic diseases have also been designated as CFM. Our clinicopathological study of 11 cases of solitary lesions confirmed that CFM is a unique primary cutaneous mucinosis unrelated to mucinosis-associated systemic diseases. We suggest calling this group of CFM lesions "solitary CFM" to distinguish them from multiple CFM associated with mucinosis associated systemic diseases. Our cases showed slight male predominance with a median age of 50 years. They occurred most often on the extremities (45%), presented as asymptomatic solitary, white to erythematous, small, soft, fibroma-like lesions. None of the clinical impressions were of CFM. We call attention to include solitary CFM in clinical differential diagnosis of polypoid skin lesions.

PLACAS ASSINTOMÁTICAS NO COURO CABELUDO

A mucinose cutânea focal é um padrão de reação histológica descrita em várias doenças no qual existe uma deposição focal anormal de mucinas na derme. Os autores apresentam um caso de um doente de 62 anos de idade, com placas infiltradas assintomáticas no couro cabeludo frontal e occipital, com três meses de evolução. Biópsias seriadas demostraram um infiltrado linfocitário moderado e deposição homogénea de mucinas na derme, sem alterações da epiderme, unidade pilossebácea, epidermotropismo ou granulomas. Investigações posteriores revelaram um adenocarcinoma primário do pulmão. A mucinose cutânea focal pode ter um amplo espectro de apresentações clínicas. Relatamos este caso para ilustrar uma apresentação incomum de mucinose cutânea focal no couro cabeludo e realçar a importância de excluir uma doença secundária associada. No melhor conhecimento dos autores este é o primeiro caso relatado de uma possível associação entre o adenocarcinoma do pulmão e mucinose cutânea.

Cutaneous focal mucinosis presenting as a solitary nodule on the back of a 16 year-old-girl

Cutaneous focal mucinosis presenting as a solitary nodule on the back of a 16 year-old-girl

Oral focal mucinosis: a case report and review of the literature

Oral focal mucinosis is a rare clinicopathological entity that represents the mucosal counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis or cutaneous myxoid cyst. The aetiology is unknown. Oral focal mucinosis is most common in young adults. The gingiva is the most common site and the hard palate is the second most common location. A 19-year-old male patient presented with a 2 cm painless mass localized to the palatal side. An excisional biopsy was taken and sent for histopathologic evaluation to our department. Histopathologic findings were a well-circumscribed lesion composed of myxomatous connective tissue that contained bipolar, fusiform or stellate shaped fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to bring oral focal musinosis diagnosis to the attention of clinicians and pathologists when considering the differential diagnosis of gingival and palatal nodules.

Oral focal mucinosis: Case report

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an uncommon disease of unknown aetiology. It is considered to be the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis and cutaneous myxoid cyst and it is characterized by a focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue. A preoperative diagnosis is almost impossible, and the clinical suspicion, usually made by exclusion, must be confirmed by a bioptic examination followed by histological observations.The Authors report a case of focal oral mucinosis diagnosed and treated in a male adult patient.

Oral Focal Mucinosis of the Tongue: A Rare Clinical Case

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare mucosal lesion of unknown etiopathogenesis. It is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis. From the anatomo-pathological point of view it is characterised by a focal degeneration of myxoid type of connective tissue. A literature survey revealed 50 reports of OFM cases worldwide. Here, we present an even more rare case with tongue involvement. Particular emphasis is placed on diagnostic-differential aspects of this kind of lesion, both from the clinical and the histopathological point of view, in respect to other manifestations of tongue mucosa.

Oral focal mucinosis of palatal mucosa: A rare case report

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM), an oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Its pathogenesis may be due to the overproduction of hyaluronic acid by a fibroblast, at the expense of collagen production, resulting in focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue, primarily affecting the mucosa overlying the bone. It has no distinctive clinical features, as the diagnosis is solely based on the histopathological features. This article reports of a 32-year-old female having the rare disease of oral focal mucinosis, involving the posterior palatal mucosa, and discusses its clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of myxomatous lesions of the oral cavity.

Plaque‐type cutaneous focal mucinosis

Plaque‐type cutaneous focal mucinosis