Waist Circumference Cut-off Points Research Articles

Cutoff Point Measurement of the waist circumference for the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Iraqi university students

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of connected cardiovascular risk factors that characterizes the complicated illness. The waist circumference cutoff point fluctuation has so far defined Mets. Objective: This study aimed to determine the cutoff point for WC in healthy Iraqi adults. Methods: This cross-sectional survey establishes the standard value for WC among 300 healthy university students in Wasit city, Iraq. They are aged between 18-25 years. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used WC to predict the presence of two or more risk factors for MetS, as defined by IDF. Results: The cutoff level yielding maximum sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of multiple risk factors was 82.5cm in females (sensitivity 65%, specificity 70%) and 91cm in males(sensitivity 50%, specificity 75%). Conclusion: Results propose that 82.5cm for females and 91cm for males represent the ideal WC cutoff points for diagnosing MetS in young adult participants from Iraq.

Waist circumference cut-off points to identify major cardiovascular events and incident diabetes in Latin America: findings from the prospective Urban rural epidemiology study Colombia.

Abdominal obesity (AO) indirectly represents visceral adiposity and can be assessed by waist circumference (WC) measurement. In Latin America, cut-off points for the diagnosis of AO are based on Asian population data. We aim to establish the WC cut-off points to predict major cardiovascular events (MACE) and incident diabetes. We analyzed data from the cohort PURE study in Colombia. WC cut-off points were defined according to the maximum Youden index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain associations between WC and MACE, diabetes, and cumulative incidence of outcomes visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves. After a mean follow-up of 12 years, 6,580 individuals with a mean age of 50.7 ± 9.7 years were included; 64.2% were women, and 53.5% were from rural areas. The mean WC was 85.2 ± 11.6 cm and 88.3 ± 11.1 cm in women and men, respectively. There were 635 cases of the MACE composite plus incident diabetes (5.25 events per 1,000 person-years). Using a cut-off value of 88.85 cm in men (sensitivity = 0.565) and 85.65 cm in women (sensitivity = 0.558) resulted in the highest value for the prediction of the main outcome. These values were associated with a 1.76 and 1.41-fold increased risk of presenting the composite outcome in men and women, respectively. We defined WC cut-off points of 89 cm in men and 86 cm in women to identify the elevated risk of MACE and incident diabetes. Therefore, we suggest using these values in cardiovascular risk assessment in Latin America.

A New Approach Using BMI and FMI as Predictors of Cardio-Vascular Risk Factors among Mexican Young Adults.

The study aimed to identify accurate cut-off points for waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI), and to determine their effective accuracy to predict cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among Mexican young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1730 Mexican young adults. Adiposity measures and CVRFs were assessed under fasting conditions. The optimal cut-off points were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used to assess the associations between anthropometric measurements and CVRFs. The cut-off values found, in females and males, respectively, for high WC (≥72.3 and ≥84.9), high BF% (≥30 and ≥22.6), high BMI (≥23.7 and ≥24.4), high FMI (≥7.1 and ≥5.5), and low FFMI (≤16 and ≤18.9) differ from those set by current guidelines. High BMI in women, and high FMI in men, assessed by the 50th percentile, had the best discriminatory power in detecting CVRFs, especially high triglycerides (OR: 3.07, CI: 2.21-4.27 and OR: 3.05, CI: 2.28-4.08, respectively). Therefore, these results suggest that BMI and FMI measures should be used to improve the screening of CVRFs in Mexican young adults.

Is Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) a Better Index Than Other Adiposity Indices for the Prediction of Visceral Adiposity.

Visceral adiposity is an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. To determine whether the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) is more effective than other adiposity indices in predicting visceral fat area (VFA). In this single-center and cross-sectional study, we included patients aged 20-50 years, without diabetes and coronary artery disease, who underwent computed tomography (CT) including the third lumbar vertebra. Age, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, fasting lipids, and glucose were assessed. VFA was measured by cross-sectional examination of CT. The correlation of WC, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and METS-VF with VFA was analyzed by correlation analysis. The cut-off values and area under the curve (AUC) for identifying increased VFA (>130 cm2) were determined. We included 185 individuals with mean age 38.2 ± 8 and female predominance (58.4%). There was a significant positive correlation between all indices and VFA (p<0.001). ROC analysis revealed that METS-VF and WC demonstrated the highest predictive value for identifying increased VFA. In both men (p=0.001) and women (p<0.001), METS-VF (AUC 0.922 and 0.939, respectively) showed a significant superiority over ABSI (AUC 0.702 and 0.658, respectively), and VAI (AUC 0.731 and 0.725, respectively). Additionally, in women, its superiority over WHR (AUC 0.807) was also statistically significant (p=0.003). We identified a METS-VF cut-off point >6.4 in males >6.5 in females and WC cut-off point >88 cm in males (AUC 0.922), >90.5 cm in females (AUC 0.938). METS-VF is strongly associated with visceral adiposity and better to predict increased VFA. However, its superiority over WC, BMI, BRI, and LAP was not significant. The results emphasize that WC is more appealing as screening indicator for visceral adiposity considering its easy use. Clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05648409. NCT05648409.

Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Older Men: focusing on the 2007-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

The association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is unclear in older Korean adults. The current study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of CRF for risk stratification of Mets in older Korean men. The data used in the study were obtained from 1220 men aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. CRF was estimated using a previously validated algorithm. Mets was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program with the adoption of a Korean-specific waist circumference cutoff point for men. Age, weight, income, marriage, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption were included as covariates. The current findings of the study suggest that the lowest 25%CRF was significantly associated with increased risks for abdominal obesity (p ＜ 0.001), hyperglyceridemia (p = 0.050), and hypertension (p = 0.017) in Korean older men. Furthermore, the highest 25% eCRF was significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS (odds ratio, OR = 0.555, 95% confidence interval = 0.363-0.847, p = 0.006) compared to the lowest 25% eCRF (OR = 1). The current findings of the study suggest that physical activity targeting CRF promotion should be emphasized as a therapeutic measure against the risk for MetS in older men.

The association of liver enzymes with diabetes mellitus risk in different obesity subgroups: A population-based study.

BackgroundNumerous observational studies have shown that liver enzymes correlated with diabetes mellitus (DM) risk significantly, but limited studies showed whether different obesity subgroups present the same correlation. Our objective was to evaluate the association of liver enzymes with DM risk in different obesity subgroups based on a middle-aged Chinese population.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study and surveyed 9,916 people aged 40 years and above. A two-slope linear regression model was used to analyze the cutoff points of obesity in DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the correlation between liver enzymes and DM risk in different obesity categories. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the logistic regression model.ResultsThe cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were 30.55 kg/m2 and 98.99 cm for DM risk, respectively. The serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentration was positively correlated with DM risk in the subgroups with waist circumference <98.99 cm [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (1.03–1.05)], BMI <30.55 kg/m2 [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (1.03–1.05)], and BMI ≥30.55 kg/m2 [OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.04–1.39)], but not in the subgroup with waist circumference ≥98.99 cm. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations have no significant correlation with the risk of diabetes in all groups.ConclusionThe results showed that serum GGT concentration was correlated with DM risk but not with AST or ALT in the middle-aged population. However, the correlation disappeared when waist circumference was over 98.99 cm, and serum GGT concentration had a limited value for DM risk in waist circumference over 98.99 cm.

Neck Circumference is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Components in Chinese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the correlation between neck circumference (NC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.MethodsThis cross-section study included 610 patients with T2DM, including 312 males and 298 females. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), NC, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Serum glucose, lipid, and uric acid levels were examined. The correlation between NC and anthropometric parameters and metabolic disorders was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the best NC cutoff value for predicting MetS.ResultsEither in male or female subjects, NC was positively correlated with BMI, WC, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride and uric acid levels and negatively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. NC is an independent influencing factor of female serum uric acid levels (standardized coefficient β = 0.141, t = 2.088, P = 0.038). NC of the MetS group was significantly larger than that of the non-MetS group (male 38.42±3.05 cm vs 36.20±2.90 cm, female 36.14±2.75 cm vs 34.01±2.94 cm, P < 0.001). The NC cutoff value for predicting MetS is 37.3 cm for males and 35.8cm for females. There was no difference between using cutoff points of NC and WC to recognize all MetS components in males and hyperuricemia in females (P>0.05).ConclusionNC is closely related to BMI, WC, and MetS components in T2DM. The cutoff points of NC can identify all MetS components in males and hyperuricemia in females with the same efficiency as WC.

Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference for Predicting Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults.

This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value of waist circumference (WC) for predicting incident NAFLD. In this community-based prospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 5400 participants without NAFLD at baseline aged 40–69 years. NAFLD was defined as a NAFLD-liver fat score >−0.640. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for an association between body composition and NAFLD incidence. The predictive power of each body composition indicator was assessed by Harrell’s concordance index for Cox models. During a mean follow-up period of 12 years, there were 2366 new-onset NAFLD events. Compared with men with WC < 81 cm, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident NAFLD in those with WC ≥ 81 cm was 2.44 (2.23–2.67). Compared with women with WC < 78.5 cm, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident NAFLD in those with WC ≥ 78.5 cm was 2.54 (2.25–2.87). WC was the most significant risk factor for predicting incident NAFLD among body composition indicators in middle-aged and older Korean adults. The optimal WC cutoff point for predicting incident NALFD was 81 cm in men and 78.5 cm in women, which might assist in the early detection and prevention of NAFLD.

Association between abdominal obesity, screen time and sleep in adolescents

ObjectiveTo assess the association between abdominal obesity, food intake, sleep deprivation, and screen time in adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 432 adolescents aged 14–19 years, from public and private schools. Anthropometric and body composition measures included body weight, waist circumference, body mass index for age, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage. Abdominal obesity was defined by age and sex specific cut-off points for waist circumference. Food intake, screen time, sexual maturation, and sleep duration were evaluated by self-administered questionnaires. ResultsThe prevalence of excess body weight and abdominal obesity was 16.7% and 27.5%, respectively. Students in the adult phase (post-puberty), with inadequate waist-to-height ratio, high body fat percentage, and screen time ≥ 3 h/day were, respectively, 2.5 (95% CI 1.40–4.46), 7.44 (95% CI 1.08–51.46), 2.79 (95% CI 1.04–7.50), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.24–3.89) more likely to have abdominal obesity. Low intake of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with inadequate sleep duration, while high intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with high screen time. ConclusionsAbdominal obesity was associated with the adult phase, short sleep duration and high screen time. The degree of food processing was associated with screen time and sleep duration. Assessing the risk factors of abdominal obesity may be a useful strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease in adolescents.

Anthropometric Indicators of Body Composition Associated With Lipid and Glycemic Profiles in Overweight Brazilian Children and Adolescents From 2008 to 2020.

BackgroundAnthropometric indicators have been used to predict health problems. The objective was to determine which indicators present better correlation with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and peripheral insulin resistance, as well as the cutoff points capable of predicting lipid and glycemic alterations in Brazilian children and adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted with 568 overweight individuals, aged between 5 and 18 years, living in Southeast and South Brazilian regions, submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation by bioimpedance, in addition to fasting laboratory tests [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting glycemia, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the association between anthropometric indicators and serum biomarkers. The ROC curve with Youden's J index was used to suggest anthropometric cutoff points with better ability to predict or rule out lipid and glycemic changes.ResultsCutoff points obtained for the z-score of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist circumference for height (WC/H) showed high specificity (52 to 87%) and low sensitivity (23 to 59%), indicating greater ability to exclude changes in HDL-c, TG, and HOMA-IR levels. Cutoff points suggested for BMI ranged from +1.86 to +2.20 z-score. WC cutoff points ranged from +1.29 to +1.72, and, for the WC/H index, from +1.21 to +1.25. It was suggested the use of the following cutoff points to rule out changes in HDL-c, TG, and HOMA-IR values in clinical practice: BMI < z-score +2 and WC/H < z-score +1.29. In body fat percentage (BFP) analyses, the cutoff point < of 34% may be able to rule out changes in HDL-c (specificity of 70%), while the cutoff point > 36.6% may be able to predict changes in the HOMA-IR index (sensitivity of 76%).ConclusionIt is not yet possible to state which anthropometric parameter has the best correlation with lipid and glycemic alterations in overweight children and adolescents. We suggest considering BMI, WC, and WC/H cutoff points together to rule out changes in HDL-c, TG, and HOMA-IR, and use the BFP cutoff point to predict changes in HOMA-IR.

1234-P: Serum Fatty Acid Composition as a Biomarker of Diabetes Development: Tokushima Cohort Study

Few prospective cohort studies still exist on the association between serum fatty acid (FA) proportions and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) . Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not serum FA proportions or FA ratios, which reflect desaturase activities, are associated with the incidence of T2D. Here we analyzed data of a prospective cohort study, which was conducted during 2010-20in Japan. A total of 872 male workers without diabetes aged over 20 years were followed up prospectively. Diabetes was defined as having either: 1) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, 2) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, 3) medication for hyperglycemia or 4) postprandial plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl during the follow-up period. We measured serum FA levels and estimated the activity of ⊿5desaturase (D5D) by calculating the ratio of serum arachidonic acid to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) . The subjects were also divided into two groups by the cutoff point of waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm. In multivariate analysis, the HR of developing diabetes was 2.81 [95%CI: 1.to 7.15, P=0.03] in the highest quartile of serum DGLA proportion and 0.28 [95%CI: 0.to 0.90, P=0.03] in the highest quartile of D5D, compared with their lowest quartiles, respectively. In stratified analysis, the multivariate adjusted risk of diabetes was higher in participants with low D5D/low WC (2.56 [0.96 to 6.82]) or high D5D/high WC (2.77 [0.68 to 11.32]) , and was significantly higher in participants with low D5D/high WC (6.30 [1.95 to 20.33, P=0.002]) than in participants with high D5D/low WC. Our findings suggest that the combination of increased serum DGLA proportion and attenuated D5D activity is a risk factor for the incidence of diabetes in male Japanese, especially in those with WC ≥ 90 cm. Thus, the significance of serum FA measurements in predicting T2D is suggested. Disclosure A.Hata: None. N.Aki: None. T.Ichihara: None. A.Tamura: None. T.Minagawa: None. Y.Kuwamura: None. M.Funaki: Board Member; Mechanogenic, Inc. Funding Grants-in-aid for research from Tokushima Prefecture Local Government

1437-P: Waist-to-Height Ratio Is a Better Indicator Instead of Waist Circumference for Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes

Waist circumference (WC) is currently one of the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) , but the cutoff points of WC for diagnosing MetS vary between races and genders. Therefore, the aim of this study is to search an anthropometric indicator instead of WC that would be applicable across races and genders. Our previous study found that a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) &amp;gt;= 0.52 has excellent diagnostic value for MetS in both men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . We therefore selected 8525 T2DM patients with complete clinical data in the present study. Agreement between a WHtR &amp;gt;= 0.52 and different WC diagnostic criteria for men (&amp;gt;=90cm) and women (&amp;gt;=80cm) was almost perfect (Kappa=0.911) . As a component of MetS instead of WC, the AUC of new criteria using WHtR to diagnose MetS was 0.963 in T2DM patients. Using a WHtR cut-off of 0.52 most closely associated with the prevalence of MetS in man (98.0% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity) and women (95.7% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity) participants and. Taken together, the use of WHtR instead of WC is a simple and practical indicator for the diagnosis of MetS in T2DM. Disclosure J.Ke: None. J.Wang: None. Y.Ma: None. Y.Wang: None. L.Li: None. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770813, and 82070866) .

Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Older Adults.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea. The current study examined the prognostic role of eCRF in the risk stratification of MetS in a representative sample of Korean older adults (1822 men and 3069 women). Methods: The data used in the current study were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. eCRF was obtained using a previously validated algorithm. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition with the acceptance of a Korean-specific waist circumference cutoff point. Results: Lower eCRF was significantly correlated with abnormalities in several components of MetS, including abdominal obesity, elevated glucose, elevated triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, there was an inverse linear relationship between MetS prevalence and eCRF levels; higher eCRF was significantly and independently associated with lower prevalence of MetS. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that eCRF can be adopted as a prognostic measure in determining the risk for MetS for elderly persons.

The optimal WC cut-off points for the prediction of subclinical CVD as measured by carotid intima-media thickness among African adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIncreased waist circumference (WC) is one of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors used to predict cardiovascular events. Waist circumference cut-off values for predicting metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risks have been previously studied. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is one of the cardiovascular risk factor recently described and reported to be suitable as it is a direct measurement of vascular quality. Hence the aim of the present study was to determine the optimal WC cut-off point for the prediction of subclinical CVD.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional study using quantitative methods, conducted among 1318 adults aged between 40 and 60 years old, residing in a rural Black population in Limpopo province. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness measurements were performed using a LOGIQ ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, CT, USA). Waist Circumference (WC) (cm) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Bivariate correlation, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences version 26.0 software.ResultsAmong the total population, 69% were women and 31% men with a mean age of 53 ± 7 years. Among women, WC at a cut-off value of 95 cm gave the highest sensitivity of 57%, the specificity of 55% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.588. In men, an optimum WC cut-off point of 82 cm yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity at 72% and 70% respectively, with an AUC of 0.767 p < 0.001.ConclusionThe traditional waist circumference cut-off points (94 cm for women and 80 cm for men) that are currently used for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome might not be suitable in the prediction of an increased CIMT.

Analysis of anthropometric indicators used in the nutritional assessment of active elderly in the city of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Introduction: Body composition changes related to aging alter the capacity of predicting risk through anthropometric parameters. Objective: To discuss methodological aspects of anthropometry in active elderly based on associations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and other nutritional indicators. Methods: Cross-sectional study with active elderly from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2014/2015). Nutritional status was described according to the BMI (Nutritional Screening Initiative, 1994). Linear regression analysis was performed: the outcome variable was BMI and the dependent ones were circumferences of waist, hip, neck, calf, arm and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results: We assessed 173 people (55.5% female; median 71 years old). Calf and neck circumferences and WHR presented low R2 value. Among women, hip (R2=0.825) and waist circumferences (R2=0.729) individually explained much of the variation in BMI; and among men, waist (R2=0.759) and arm circumferences (R2=0.741) performed better. The cut-off points for waist circumference corresponding to the critical BMI value (27 kg/m2) were 87.9 and 96.8 cm, respectively for women and men. In multiple analysis, the association of waist, hip and arm circumferences with BMI remained significant. Conclusion: Circumferences traditionally used to assess adults had higher linear association with BMI than specific indicators for elderly people. The body composition of active elderly can be more similar to adults’ than that of elderly with other profiles. The waist circumference cut-off points established for adults may not be suitable for elderly populations. We suggest testing the cut-off points obtained by this study on other groups of active elderly.

Optimal waist circumference cut-off points and prediabetic state as predictors of metabolic syndrome prevalence among Saudi adults in Jeddah city

Optimal waist circumference cut-off points and prediabetic state as predictors of metabolic syndrome prevalence among Saudi adults in Jeddah city

Diagnostic Performance and Appropriate Cut-Offs of Different Anthropometric Indicators for Detecting Children with Overweight and Obesity.

In the clinical settings, different anthropometric indicators like neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), midupper arm circumference (MUAC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and arm-to-height ratio (AHtR) have been suggested for evaluating overweight and obesity in children. The comparative ability of these indicators in Pakistan is yet unknown. This study is aimed at examining the validity of different anthropometric indicators of overweight and obesity simultaneously and at determining their superlative cut-off values that would correctly detect overweight and obesity in children. For this purpose, the dataset of anthropometric measurements height, weight, WC, MUAC, and NC of 5,964 Pakistani children, aged 5-12 years collected in a cross-sectional multiethnic anthropometric survey (MEAS), was used. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the validity of different anthropometric indicators. The most sensitive and specific cut-off points, positive and negative predictive values of each indicator were also calculated. The results of the ROC curve indicated that all the studied indicators had a good performance but the indicators AHtR and WHtR had the highest value of the area under the curve (AUC) for the screening of children with overweight and obesity (AUC > 0.80). In the overall sample, AHtR, WHtR, MUAC, WC, and NC cut-off points indicative of overweight, in both boys and girls, were 0.14, 0.46, 18.41 cm, 62.86 cm, and 26.36 cm and 0.14, 0.47, 18.16 cm, 64.39 cm, and 26.54 cm, respectively; the corresponding values for obesity were 0.14, 0.47, 18.67 cm, 62.10 cm, and 26.36 cm and 0.14, 0.48, 20.19 cm, 64.39 cm, and 25.27 cm. We concluded that the sex-specific cut-off points for AHtR, WHtR, MUAC, WC, and NC can be used to diagnose overweight and obesity in Pakistani children.

A proposal for the cutoff points of waist circumference values predictive of increased risk of Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Arab adults

Introduction: Central obesity is an established risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to identify people at the highest risk by ethnically adjusted waist circumference (WC) cutoff points. Subjects and Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of 4350 Saudi adults aged 15–64 years using a stratified, multistage, cluster random sampling. DM was based on known history or fasting blood glucose higher than 7.0 mmol/L, and hypertension was determined by having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. WC was measured midway between the lower costal margin and iliac crest during the end-expiratory phase. Results: The mean age for all the study population was 36.6 + 13.0 years (35.6 ± 12.0 years for females; 37.5 ± 13.9 years for males). The mean WC was 95.2 + 14.01 cm for males and 89.9 + 12.6 cm for females (P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was 23.8% for all subjects. The prevalence of hypertension for all subjects was 25.5%. Receiver operator characteristics curves revealed that WC cutoff points for diabetes risk are 91 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively, and for hypertension are 90 cm and 97 cm for women and men, respectively. Conclusions: The present study proposes the obtained cutoffs to identify those at high risk for diabetes and hypertension in the Saudi population who can be considered candidates for preventive interventions.

Optimal waist circumference cut-off points and prediabetic state as predictors of metabolic syndrome prevalence among Saudi adults in Jeddah city

With increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and absence of local waist circumference cut-off point, it is important to determine the local cut-off point of waist circumference to predict metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Saudi adults who attend primary health care centers (PHC) in Jeddah city in 2017, and to determine the appropriate waist circumference cut-off value for identifying a person at risk for the metabolic syndrome. A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted. Results shows; mean age of participants was 30.94±9.70 and waist circumference was 96.87±17.40 in males and 86.51±15.30 in females. The prevalence (CI: 95%) of pre-diabetes was 16.3% (12.9%; 20.1%), while the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was {(95% CI = 10.6%) (7.80%; 13.8%)}. Abdominal obesity was the most frequent component of MetS, detected in 60.6%, and followed by high blood pressure in 25.0%. In males, a waist circumference≥93.5 cm is likely to indicate MetS with 100% sensitivity and 47.2% specificity; whereas, in females, optimal waist circumference cut-off was determined as ≥83.5 cm, showing 92.3% sensitivity and 46.4% specificity. In multivariate logistic regression, extended waist circumference was the strongest predictor of MetS {OR (95%CI) =3.75 (1.30; 10.81); p=0.014}, followed by the presence pre-diabetes {OR (95%CI) =2.31 (1.06; 5.04); p=0.035}. Further, high educational level was a significant predictor for MetS {OR (95%CI) = 0.34 (0.12; 0.99); p=0.047}; while age and marital status were not significant predictors.

Prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with cardiovascular risk among the adult population in Burkina Faso: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity, its predictors and its association with cardiovascular risk among adults in Burkina Faso.DesignWe performed a secondary analysis...