Customs Cooperation Research Articles

The e-Walls of Brexit: Digital Adjustments in Customs Programs Between France, Belgium and the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT Contemporary border wall policies are characterized by digitization of control procedures to filter out mobilities and adjust control to trade flows. This digitization has been mostly studied in terms of technology deployment and usages by state and non-state actors to deal with migration. When applied to control of trade flows, “smart bordering” also involves functional adjustments between public and trade actors, as well as customs cooperation. The bordering at stake with Brexit provides a revealing case study. Brexit entailed supply chain security for goods crossing the UK–France/Belgium border. For companies, transporters, and customs, avoiding physical controls at ports became imperative. Each country generalized data sharing and pre-lodgment through “smart bordering” models and various Information Technology (IT) programs. This paper examines such digitization programs and the adjustments between public and private actors confronted with IT programs and the mutation and cooperation of customs agencies in this process. It concludes that the UK lacked anticipation, while France and Belgium were proactive in accordance with EU harmonization. The digitization of control also reveals changes in identity-making of customs, emphasizing its autonomy as a border agent and its role as a trade supporter, on top of traditional policing or taxation duties.

The Impact of the European Union Customs Reform on the Exchange of Data With Third Countries for the Purpose of International Customs Cooperation

The Impact of the European Union Customs Reform on the Exchange of Data With Third Countries for the Purpose of International Customs Cooperation

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO CREATING A LEGAL MECHANISM FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AND THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, Union) in cooperation with the World Customs Organization (WCO). A task. To study the organizational and legal basis for the Union’s implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as to develop a legal mechanism for interaction between the EAEU and the WCO. Conclusions. The article analyzes the rules and procedures of the Working Group on Interaction with the WCO, created in the EAEU, and also offers practical proposals for organizing customs cooperation of the Union with an international customs organization. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as Memorandum of Understanding between the Eurasian Economic Commission and the World Customs Organization dated June 17, 2016. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation block of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the Customs Services of the Union Member States, the WCO and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving international customs cooperation.

ACTUAL ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS COOPERATION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION WITH THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

A task. To consider current issues of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, as well as perform a comprehensive review of scientific researches on the subject of current research. Conclusions. The article comprehensively examines the areas of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, which need to be developed within the framework of Eurasian integration. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as Memorandum of Understanding between the Eurasian Economic Commission and the World Customs Organization dated June 17, 2016. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation block of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the Customs Services of the Union Member States, the WCO and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving international customs cooperation.

Международное таможенное сотрудничество России и стран Африки

The article is devoted to the development of international customs cooperation between Russia and African countries. The article defines the prerequisites for the development of international customs cooperation between Russia and Africa, substantiates the theoretical and practical significance of international cooperation between the two sides. The article reveals the peculiarities of trade and economic relations with African countries and emphasizes the relationship with international customs cooperation. The article pays special attention to the issues of cooperation within the framework of the World Customs Organization, where the positions of the parties are most stable in modern conditions. The author defines promising forms of customs cooperation in the article, dividing them into two groups: tactical and strategic directions. As the main goal of customs cooperation, it is proposed to create a Eurasian-African Economic Partnership and interface the projects of the EAEU and the African Union.

The International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System: Legal Pillar Behind the Harmonized System

The International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS Convention) is an international agreement that applies a systematic and manner to describe commodities in global trade. It effectively provides a universal language that communicates trade matters amongst stakeholders. Despite having a significant impact on international trade, little is known about the legal texts of the HS Convention. therefore, therefore examines the architecture of the HS Convention, discusses its objectives, analyses its impact. Coding, Commodities, Customs Cooperation Council, Description, Harmonized, Harmonized System (HS), HS Convention, Nomenclature, Trade facilitation

Challenges and cooperation on the way of European integration in the sphere of customs affairs

The bylaws of national legislation adopted during martial law and their application in the context of improvement and harmonization with EU legislation and fulfillment of the terms of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of customs affairs are analyzed in the article. Attention is focused on strengthening of customs cooperation with the EU countries, as well as developing the administrative, personnel, information and technical potential of the Customs Service of Ukraine and the urgency of overcoming and simplifying of the customs procedures for the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine during martial law. Taking into account the cross-border nature of the activities of the customs authorities of the EU member states, attention is focused on the procedures of using of the international agreements during customs control and customs procedures. Certain problems of the law enforcement activities of customs bodies in interaction with other state bodies on three relevant areas of functioning, in particular customs rules, settlement of customs payments, customs services and formalities, are singled out.
 The peculiarities of law enforcement activity in the field of customs affairs are analyzed in detail, namely: its state-authority nature; implementation of law enforcement in a manner specifically provided for by legal norms on the basis of established procedures and in accordance with a clear procedural sequence. Certain areas of activity of state bodies for the restoration of Ukraine are considered, in particular, regarding the implementation of anti-corruption and institutional changes in the field of customs affairs. Considering the conditions of martial law, an attempt to delimit the powers of customs authorities and other state authorities in matters of customs affairs was made, and in the light of the activation of the processes of Ukraine’s accession to the EU, the possibilities of interaction with international partners in the field of ensuring the rights and freedoms of subjects of foreign economic activity were analyzed.
 The conclusion is drawn on need to involve the customs service in the development of the plan of measures for the recovery and development of Ukraine in order to simplify for business the conditions for moving (importing) technical means, equipment, and products necessary for the reconstruction and the export of Ukrainian products across the customs border. Bearing in mind the study of the EU experience and the determination of the possibilities of its using in Ukraine, the main directions for improving the interaction of customs authorities with public organizations and business associations in the conditions of war and the perspective of European integration are outlined.

Specifics of customs relations of Ukraine with european trading partners

Methods. The results of the study are obtained by applying the methods of synthesis and generalisation to study the legislative and practical aspects of customs cooperation, as well as to highlight the prospects for cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of trade. In order to scientifically address the identified issues, the author also used the methods of analysis and comparison to study the dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods with certain EU countries; and the abstract and logical method to formulate conclusions. Results. The study analyses Ukraine's foreign trade and customs relations with the European Union. In particular, the dynamics of foreign trade in goods is analysed and the volumes of exports and imports with different EU countries are compared. The study considers both legislative and practical aspects of customs cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union. Novelty. As a result of the analysis of Ukraine’s customs relations with its main trading partner countries of the European Union, it is found that the current stage of implementation of Ukraine’s customs policy is marked by a constant increase in international trade and the complexity of trade processes. The advantages and challenges faced by Ukraine in expanding and improving trade relations with the European Union are identified. Practical value. The study is of practical importance for Ukraine’s economic development in the context of European integration. By analysing trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union, the key aspects of Ukraine’s accession to the free trade area with the EU are identified and its results are revealed. The impact of the Russian aggression on foreign trade and customs relations with the EU is studied. The approximation of Ukrainian legislation to EU standards is identified as a key factor that will contribute to the effective implementation of customs policy and create a favourable environment for improving trade processes, taking into account active cooperation with European partners.

Problems and Prospects of Development of International Customs Cooperation in the Context of Digitalization

Modern conditions of development dictate the need for cooperation. Today, Russia participates in the common market and the common economic space, the economic sphere, the activities of customs organizations, concludes agreements on international obligations and customs cooperation, and also actively cooperates with states and organizations in the field of customs operations and customs activities. The article considers the process of international customs cooperation of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. The development of international customs cooperation in the context of digitalization is considered. The influence of digitalization on the regulatory framework of international customs cooperation, customs diplomacy and on the organizational and protocol basis is determined. The problems arising in the conditions of digitalization in the implementation of international activities in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation with the help of digital information and technical means are presented. The interaction of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation with the customs administrations of foreign states in the conditions of digitalization is analyzed. The positive practice of using digital technologies in the interaction of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation with the customs administrations of foreign states, as well as their problematic issues, is considered. The process of negotiations and practical experience of interaction between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on cooperation of their customs services in the field of preliminary information exchange are analyzed. Based on the results of the study, the authors propose to further develop international customs cooperation on the example of successful projects, as well as use a digital platform to improve the quality and efficiency of international cooperation to solve emerging problematic issues.

Analysis of International Customs Cooperation Mechanisms and the Promotion of Trade Facilitation Under the Belt and Road Initiative

This article is based on the concept of cooperation in trade facilitation proposed by the Belt and Road Initiative, and demonstrates in detail the importance of customs cooperation in promoting trade facilitation. It provides an analysis of the importance of the connection between the existing legal system of international customs cooperation and the customs cooperation agreements of countries along the Belt and Road. It confirms the positive effect of the current bilateral customs cooperation and China’s practice. Then, based on a series of severe problems encountered in actual cooperation, it explains in detail the reasons why international customs cooperation needs to be updated. Finally, based on the existing problems of international customs cooperation along the Belt and Road, the article elaborates on the status quo of the countries along the route, emphasizes the importance of establishing a reasonable and effective legal operation mechanism and proposes solutions to improve the feasibility of international customs cooperation. Belt and Road Initiative, international customs cooperation, Belt and Road Initiative customs cooperation, trade facilitation

Strengthening Trade Relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges

This paper delves into the complex dynamics of trade relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, two countries with shared cultural heritage and geographic proximity. Despite these inherent advantages, bilateral trade volumes have remained notably low, hindered by historical, geopolitical, and economic factors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach including secondary data analysis and interviews with stakeholders, the research identifies and analyzes key obstacles impeding optimal trade relations. The analysis reveals several challenges, including the stalled negotiations on the Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA), non-tariff barriers, and issues in transit trade operations. Afghanistan's ban on Pakistani meat imports, non-tariff barriers on pharmaceutical products, and imposition of export taxes on coal are among the hurdles examined. Furthermore, Pakistan's unilateral measures to enhance trade, such as the Barter Trade Mechanism, are scrutinized alongside issues in transit trade operations, including delays, smuggling, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. The study emphasizes the need for both countries to adopt a cooperative approach, address mutual concerns, and streamline trade procedures to unlock the untapped potential of their economic partnership. Short-to-medium-term recommendations include finalizing the APTTA, improving border crossing points, and enhancing customs cooperation. In the medium-to-long term, the paper suggests pursuing regional transit trade agreements, investing in infrastructure projects like the Trans Afghan Railway, and advancing multilateral connectivity initiatives. Ultimately, the paper underscores the significance of economic cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan in fostering regional stability and prosperity. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended measures, both countries can bolster their trade relations, unlock economic opportunities, and contribute to broader regional connectivity and development goals.

О взаимном признании результатов таможенного контроля в рамках таможенного сотрудничества России и Монголии

The article discusses the current mechanism of customs cooperation between the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation and the Main Customs Administration of Mongolia in terms of mutual recognition of the results of customs control. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts regulating the interaction of customs administrations of countries, the list of goods to which mutual recognition of the results of customs control is applicable was systematized, the peculiarities of conducting control operations and the form of information exchange carried out within the framework of cooperation were determined. Areas of interaction that require additional regulatory support and improvement have been identified.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE CREATION OF A DATA MATRIX AS A PRIORITY INSTRUMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE «SINGLE WINDOW» MECHANISM IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (Union, EAEU) in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. To form scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of a Data Matrix as a priority tool for the development of «the single window» mechanism in the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union (data matrix). Conclusions. The research article is devoted to the issue of creating a Data Matrix as part of the implementation of clause 9.4. of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 (Strategic Directions). The methodological approaches formed in the article, as well as proposals, can be used in the course of expert work on improving customs regulation and trade facilitation in the EAEU. Social Consequences. The study is associated with the implementation of the Strategic Directions in direction 9 in terms of the Commission, together with the Member States, working to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Commission and can be used by its experts as part of the work of the Commission's Working group to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the Commission's activities and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving Union law and trade facilitation procedures based on the best practices of customs regulation.

Evaluation of the international customs interaction effectiveness by the mirror comparison method of statistical data on foreign trade

Most of the strategic directions for improving customs administration in the Russian Federation, due to their specifics, involve interaction with the customs authorities of foreign states. The article discusses approaches to assessing the effectiveness of interstate customs interaction as a sub-type of the Russian customs service activity. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that the basis of interstate customs interaction is the principle of minimizing possible customs risks. At the same time, the existing system of indicators used to evaluate the activities of customs authorities does not reflect the effectiveness of interaction in terms of the administration of these risks. The purpose of the study is to consider a process approach to assessing the effectiveness of customs cooperation in the concept of supply chain management. This approach involves an analysis of the activities of not a separate national customs administration, but an assessment of the integration of the actions of states in the context of concluded agreements on cooperation in the field of customs. A cross-border supply chain, according to the author, can have varying degrees of efficiency depending on the type of behavior of national customs administrations within it. The task of the study is to analyze the indicators of Russian and Chinese customs statistics of mutual trade by comparing “mirror” data on export-import transactions, extrapolating the trend of discrepancies to the dynamics of the development of customs cooperation between Russia and China, identifying elements that affect the gaps in mirror data. The results obtained suggest that, given a fairly definite and stable list of reasons for the discrepancies in the data of “mirror” customs statistics, their composition and degree of impact are different in each period of time and are a reflection of the level of interaction between the customs administrations of Russia and China. To verify the proposed approach, the trend of deviations of regional “mirror” statistics of bilateral trade between China and Russia is analyzed in the context of the cooperation key projects development between the Russian Far East and China customs administrations.

The Possibilities of Using GAP Analysis to Predict the Receipt of Customs Payments

Modern realities pose difficult tasks for the state, the solution of which requires financial resources. Customs payments are one of the significant sources of revenue for the budget system of our country. In order to maintain a stable level of receipts of customs payments to the federal budget, customs authorities should use effective methods of assessing the current state of the customs environment in order to identify negative factors and eliminate them in a timely manner. One of these techniques is GAP analysis, which is widely used in strategic management. The purpose of the article is to interpret the GAP analysis methodology for the study of gaps in customs payments during the implementation of control activities of customs authorities. The article reveals the essence of the GAP analysis methodology, as well as describes its advantages. The main stages of GAP analysis of gaps in customs payments during the implementation of the control function by customs authorities are highlighted. The author identified the main causes of negative gaps in the receipt of customs payments; proposed measures to improve the control activities of customs authorities over the completeness and timeliness of customs payment’s receipt. In the course of the study, strategic directions for improving customs cooperation as a result of the application of the proposed measures were formulated.

METHODOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS OF THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. Develop a methodology for classifying and analyzing the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization (WCO). Conclusions. The article presents methodological approaches for the classification of the WCO legal instruments and tools in the context of customs law institutions, which were developed over the period 1950 - 2020. Here are the results of a practical analysis of these legal means. The general dynamics of the creation of the WCO legal instruments and tools is analyzed, an analysis is made in the context of their forms, as well as the areas of the WCO activity. The subject of the study is the WCO legal instruments and tools. The analysis carried out makes it possible to characterize in dynamics the WCO activities in the development of legal instruments and tools, as well as to characterize (based on the obtained statistical data) the WCO legal developments. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of working out the possibility of joining the Eurasian Economic Union to the fundamental documents (legal instruments and tools - note) of the World Customs Organization. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the EEC, the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue on improvement the law of the Union based on best practices of customs regulation and the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization.

TO THE ISSUE OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMS REGULATION IN THE EEU, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT LEGAL MEANS OF THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. To analyze existing approaches and legal instruments of the international customs community, including the World Customs Organization (WCO), the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (Union) on the analysis the effectiveness of customs activities to improve customs regulation. Conclusions. The research article is devoted to the issues of modernization of the Union's law in the field of customs regulation based on an analysis of the level of development of the customs of the EAEU member states. The subject of the study is the WCO working group on performance management materials, the EU Customs blueprint, as well as the methodological approaches of the Eurasian Economic Commission on the analysis of the level of customs development. The formed methodological approaches, as well as proposals, can be used to develop by the Eurasian Economic Commission (Commission) a methodology for analyzing the level of development of customs regulation in the Member States of the Union, as well as creating in the future the EEU Code of Customs Standards, as a legal instrument and measure in the formation of strategic planning documents that set the main vectors for further integration interaction in the Union. Social Consequences. The study is associated with the implementation of the provisions of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in Direction 3 «Improvement of customs regulation within the Union». Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Commission, they can be used by specialists from the customs services of the EEU Member States, experts of the Commission to organize strategic planning and form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. Conclusions and proposals, as well as the developed survey forms, can be recommended for consideration at the WCO working group on performance management as a regional (Eurasian) experience. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue on improvement the law of the Union based on best practices of customs regulation and the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization.

The Impacts of Trade Facilitation Provisions on Fresh Agricultural Products Trade between China and the BRI Countries

Trade facilitation is essential to lowering overall trade costs and increasing economic returns on both the multilateral and regional levels. Trade facilitation is also an integral part of trade agreements and has become an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This paper adopts a time-varying stochastic frontier gravity model and a trade inefficiency model and assigns values to different trade facilitation provisions to construct relevant indicators to assess the impacts of the trade facilitation provisions of the World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement (WTO TFA) and regional trade agreements (RTAs) on trade efficiency between China and BRI countries, as well as on the current conditions and challenges of fresh agricultural product trade between China and countries of the BRI, using data from 2011 to 2020. The results show that the size of domestic markets and population positively affect agricultural trade between China and BRI countries, while geographical distance has a negative impact on their scale of trade. Moreover, this study finds that the obligations set out in trade facilitation provisions of RTAs play an important role in improving trade efficiency, and among these trade facilitation obligations improving the legal provisions of “information transparency”, “customs cooperation” and “advance ruling” can significantly improve trade efficiency, however, some measures relating to “formalities” could potentially constitute barriers to trade. This study innovatively carried out an analysis of the impact of trade facilitation provisions on agricultural trade flows and efficiency from the perspectives of international trade law and economics and provides new policy recommendations for BRI countries to support agricultural trade.

CHINA'S CUSTOMS AND TARIFF POLICY AND PROSPECTS FOR A FULL-FLEDGED FTA BETWEEN THE EAEU AND CHINA

Under the conditions of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy, the expansion and strengthening of foreign economic relations with friendly countries becomes important. The issues of technical barriers, new supply chain solutions, customs cooperation, and industry cooperation become relevant. Given the sanctions pressure on the Russian market, and subsequently spread to the market of the Eurasian Economic Union, it becomes necessary to expand trade and economic relations with friendly countries, focusing on those countries with which trade agreements have been signed and major trading partners of the Eurasian Economic Union, also becomes a trend the signing of a free trade zone agreement. One of the important countries for the Eurasian Economic Union, given the volume of mutual trade, is China. Agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and the People's Republic of China can serve as a basis for a free trade zone with China. The article analyzes trade turnover between Eurasian Economic Union and People's Republic of China since 2015 (the year of EEU foundation); dynamics of most-favored-nation treatment in China; applied ad valorem and specific rates of customs duties; countries, which concluded, trade agreements with China, as well as bound and applied Chinese tariffs on certain product groups and tariff quotas.

IMPROVEMENT OF CUSTOMS REGULATION IN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION IN THE CURRENT CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. To analyze existing approaches to improve customs regulation in the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union (Union) and submit proposals for the development of a strategic document that consolidates the main guidelines for modernizing the Union's law in this area. Conclusions. The research article is devoted to the issues of updating of customs regulation in the Union on the basis of strategic planning. The subject of the study is the acts of the bodies of the Union, the approaches of the Eurasian Economic Commission (Commission), the provisions of the national concepts, as well as the approaches of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union on the development of customs regulation. The generated proposals can be used to develop new strategic planning documents that set the main vectors for further integration in the Union in the medium and long term to improve customs regulation. Social Consequences. The study is associated with the implementation of the provisions of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in Direction 3 «Improvement of customs regulation within the Union». Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Eurasian Economic Commission and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, experts of the Commission to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue on improvement the law of the Union based on best practices of customs regulation and the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization.