Customer Equipment Research Articles

A parallel Canny edge detection algorithm based on OpenCL acceleration.

In the process of Canny edge detection, a large number of high complexity calculations such as Gaussian filtering, gradient calculation, non-maximum suppression, and double threshold judgment need to be performed on the image, which takes up a lot of operation time, which is a great challenge to the real-time requirements of the algorithm. The traditional Canny edge detection technology mainly uses customized equipment such as DSP and FPGA, but it has some problems, such as long development cycle, difficult debugging, resource consumption, and so on. At the same time, the adopted CUDA platform has the problem of poor cross-platform. In order to solve this problem, a fine-grained parallel Canny edge detection method is proposed, which is optimized from three aspects: task partition, vector memory access, and NDRange optimization, and CPU-GPU collaborative parallelism is realized. At the same time, the parallel Canny edge detection methods based on multi-core CPU and CUDA architecture are designed. The experimental results show that OpenCL accelerated Canny edge detection algorithm (OCL_Canny) achieves 20.68 times acceleration ratio compared with CPU serial algorithm at 7452 × 8024 image resolution. At the image resolution of 3500 × 3500, the OCL_Canny algorithm achieves 3.96 times the acceleration ratio compared with the CPU multi-threaded Canny parallel algorithm. At 1024 × 1024 image resolution, the OCL_Canny algorithm achieves 1.21 times the acceleration ratio compared with the CUDA-based Canny parallel algorithm. The effectiveness and performance portability of the proposed Canny edge detection parallel algorithm are verified, and it provides a reference for the research of fast calculation of image big data.

Paper-based microfluidic electro-analytical device (PMED) for magneto-assay automation: Towards generic point-of-care diagnostic devices.

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for point-of-care (POC) testing of infectious diseases are popular because they are easy to use. However, RDTs have limitations such as low sensitivity and qualitative responses that rely on subjective visual interpretation. Additionally, RDTs are made using paper-bound reagents, which leads to batch-to-batch variability, limited storage stability and detection of only the analytes they were designed for. This work presents the development of a versatile technology, based on short magneto-assays and inexpensive paper-based microfluidic electro-analytical devices (PMEDs). PMEDs were produced locally using low-cost equipment, they were stable at room temperature, easy to use, and provided quantitative and objective results. The devices served to detect alternatively a variety of magneto-assays, granting quantitation of streptavidin-HRP, biotinylated HRP and Pasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (Pf-LDH) in less than 25 min, using either commercial or customized screen-printed electrodes and measurement equipment. Furthermore, Pf-LDH detection in diluted lysed whole blood displayed a linear response between 3 and 25 ng mL−1, detection and quantification limits ranging between 1 and 3 ng mL−1 and 6–12 ng mL−1, respectively, and provided results that correlated with those of the reference ELISA. In short, this technology is versatile, simple, and highly cost-effective, making it perfect for POC testing.

Field Verification of Distributed Acoustic Fiber Optic Sensor System Using Customized Disturbance Simulator Equipment

Field Verification of Distributed Acoustic Fiber Optic Sensor System Using Customized Disturbance Simulator Equipment

Ultra-low latency communication technology for Augmented Reality application in mobile periphery computing

Abstract Improved Reliability and Low Latency Communication (IRLC) with Augmented Reality (AR) has become an emerging technology in today’s world. To minimize an accessory adaptation for Customer Equipment (CE) in AR, it may be feasible to offload the AR workload onto the onboard devices. Mobile-Edge Computation (MEC) will improve the throughput of a CE. MEC has caused enormous overhead or communication omissions on wireless media, making it difficult to choose the optimal payload proposition. The proposed system explores on-board devices that work together to achieve an AR goal. Code splitting is a Bayesian network used to examine the overall interdependence of efforts. From a longevity and endurance perspective, it is used to reduce the Probability of Supplier Failure (PSF) of an MEC-enabled AR environment. Weighed Particle Swarm Optimization (WPSO) was proposed despite the reality based on the emphasis on balancing the issue. As a result, a heuristic-based WPSO facilitates to improve the performance measures. A hybrid method could significantly increase the assertion of a predicted PSF in various network scenarios compared to the existing communication technologies. A preliminary iterative approach is suitable for AR operations and IRLC scenarios to generalize the attributes.

Dual-Effect Salt-Tolerant Slope-Suspended Solar Evaporators: High Evaporation Efficiency and Industrialized Implementation

Construction of Janus-wetting interfaces in solar thermal evaporation is one of the most widely applied strategies to overcome salt accumulation to prolong a system’s lifetime. Nevertheless, hydrophobicity and steam escape in traditional Janus floating evaporators are negatively correlated, resulting in the trade-off between salt resistance and the evaporation rate. Herein, a scalable suspended-slope evaporator (SSE) based on the inverse wettability polypyrrole (PPy) fabric is designed to surmount the long-term trade-off for achieving continuous and stable high-rate water desalination. Experiments and numerical simulations indicate that the suspended structure opens the “shackles” brought by the upper hydrophobic PPy fabric to steam escape, and the Marangoni convection induced by the inclined structure further enhances salt resistance performance. With this structure employed, SSEs present good salt tolerance (no obvious salt accumulation in 21 wt % brine for 5 h) and excellent solar evaporation performance (evaporation rate of 2.46 kg m–2 h–1 in 3.5 wt % brine, and the energy efficiency is 85.48%). Additionally, there is no need for special customized high-pressure equipment in the whole synthesis process, which has great significance for the widespread practical application. This work elucidates the intrinsic effects of the device structure on solar evaporators while providing insights for designing high-efficiency and salt-tolerant solar evaporators.

Forward Diffractive Detector control system for Run 3 in the ALICE experiment

The ALICE experiment went through major upgrades in preparation for Runs 3 and 4 at the CERN LHC, which foresee a significant increase in the data stream rate. To cope with it, a new Computing System Online–Offline (O2) was developed by ALICE and several detectors were upgraded. One of these upgrades corresponded to the ALICE Diffractive (AD) detector, which was replaced by the new Forward Diffractive Detector (FDD). A fundamental system that allows for recording of data as well as for the stable and safe operation of the experimental setup is the Detector Control System (DCS). The DCS controls, monitors, and configures detectors’ hardware and their subsystems among which are commercial hardware and specific custom equipment. In this work, we describe the implementation of the DCS of FDD, which was designed and developed using the SCADA commercial software WinCC Open Architecture (WinCC-OA®) and the Joint Controls Project (JCOP) Framework. We also describe the modeling of FDD-DCS as a finite state machine to be integrated into the ALICE Central DCS, and to be operated by DCS shifters in the run control center and, remotely, by detector experts. This new DCS was developed to comply with the new LHC operational standards that allow for processing the increased luminosity due to collisions at a higher energy, and for fulfilling the specific requirements of the ALICE experiment, in order to address the scientific challenges of its physics program.

Spatially resolved proteomics via tissue expansion

Spatially resolved proteomics is an emerging approach for mapping proteome heterogeneity of biological samples, however, it remains technically challenging due to the complexity of the tissue microsampling techniques and mass spectrometry analysis of nanoscale specimen volumes. Here, we describe a spatially resolved proteomics method based on the combination of tissue expansion with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which we call Expansion Proteomics (ProteomEx). ProteomEx enables quantitative profiling of the spatial variability of the proteome in mammalian tissues at ~160 µm lateral resolution, equivalent to the tissue volume of 0.61 nL, using manual microsampling without the need for custom or special equipment. We validated and demonstrated the utility of ProteomEx for streamlined large-scale proteomics profiling of biological tissues including brain, liver, and breast cancer. We further applied ProteomEx for identifying proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease in a mouse model by comparative proteomic analysis of brain subregions.

Optimal spare parts production–distribution scheduling considering operational utility on customer equipment

Integrated scheduling of production and distribution is conducive to saving transportation cost and improving customer satisfaction. However, in previous related literature, no optimization objective has been set to intuitively reflect the influence of the scheduling scheme on the customer side, ignoring the fact that: 1) the production and distribution of spare parts directly affect the performance of operation and maintenance and further affect the operational utility of customer equipment; 2) the delivery time of spare parts has a positive effect on optimizing the operational utility of customer equipment corresponding to the delayed spare parts. To fill this gap, in the paper, we construct an optimal spare parts production scheduling model integrating logistics distribution in flowshop environment, in which equipment operation utility on the customer side is set as an optimization objective and a speed adjustment strategy is introduced, so that the manufacturer can adjust the operation strategy of the equipment corresponding to the delayed spare parts and guide the equipment operation and maintenance in the customer side. There are two objectives in our model. The first is to maximize equipment operational utility on the customer side, and the second is to minimize the total cost on the manufacturing side. To solve the problem, a three-layer hybrid coding memetic algorithm (THMA) is constructed. Two initial heuristics, respectively named Heuristics 1 and Heuristics 2, are constructed. Two local search operators operated respectively on the production and distribution stages of spare parts are constructed. By performing extensive contrast experiments, the superiority of THMA and the effectiveness of all the above operators are verified.

Managing equipment rentals: Unreliable fleet, impatient customers, and finite commitment capacity

In this paper, we discuss fleet size decisions of an equipment rental firm. The availability of the rental equipment depends on the fleet size of the firm and has a direct impact on its profitability. In our setting, we allow for partial backordering, reneging, and finite commitment capacity. Moreover, we explicitly consider the breakdown possibility of the available equipment fleet. We develop an efficient recursive algorithm to solve the underlying two‐dimensional stochastic single‐player model. Our algorithm determines the global optimal fleet size of the firm for the same reneging and equipment return rates. Our extensive managerial insights quantify the behavior of various performance measures in the single‐player model with regard to repair performance of the firm, customer impatience level, traffic intensity, and equipment rental revenue. We demonstrate that by applying our model to a real case, there is a potential of more than a 4% (400,000 USD) increase in total daily profits. Extending our model to a two‐player game, we propose an approximation heuristic to derive closed‐form solutions to estimate equilibrium fleet sizes under complete information. Using our heuristic as the initial solution, we develop a simulation model to determine the exact equilibrium fleet sizes and draw a detailed comparison between the two‐player and single‐player models.

Rapid semi-automated simplified liquid extraction (SLE) and data processing for 43 drugs of abuse in oral fluid

Oral fluid (OF) is commonly used as a non-invasive biological specimen to screen for the presence of drugs. Since 2004 in Victoria, OF has been used by law enforcement to randomly screen drivers on the roadside for the presence of methylamphetamine, MDMA and tetrahydrocannabinol. Over time, the drug-testing program has expanded to 150,000 random tests per year and produces approximately 12–14,000 positive roadside detections for laboratory confirmation. This sample load is a significant burden for manual sample preparation techniques. The need for high-throughput detection methods to maintain strict turnaround times has driven procurement and development of a cost-effective benchtop liquid handing system (LHS) for a rapid and robust sample preparation protocol at a fraction of traditional LHS expense. Rapid automated sample preparation was performed using the Integra Assist PLUS variable-channel width pipetting system. This system allowed for the development of a modular, programmable simplified liquid extraction (SLE) process using Biotage Isolute+ 96-well plates (400 μL). In addition to the three target drugs in these OF specimens, a further 40 drugs of abuse were targeted for detection and quantitation (1–50 ng/mL), including classes of amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, stimulants, and opioids. For extraction, 100 uL OF (analysed in duplicate) was added to a 2 mL polypropylene tube and placed on the LHS. The custom designed automated program then added 200 uL ammonium carbonate buffer (2 M, pH9), mixed the samples and transferred to a 96-well SLE plate. Positive pressure nitrogen gas was applied to ensure samples transferred into the SLE sorbent before a second LHS program added 900 μL chloroform:isopropanol (9:1) to each well. Eluate was collected into 1 mL glass inserts containing 50 μL 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and evaporated to dryness. A final LHS program added 100 μL methanol to each well for reconstitution. The 96-well plate was then placed on a Shimadzu Nexera X2 liquid chromatography system and 1 μL injected onto an analytical column [Kinetex C18, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.6 μm, mobile phase of 50 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5)/0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 5 minute gradient separation]. Analytes were detected using a SCIEX 4500 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electrospray MRM mode with the use of carbon-13 isotopes to assist in decreasing detector response and aid MRM ratio confirmation. Data was processed using MultiQuant software utilising custom queries for rapid data review, assessment of duplicate concentrations and report generation. The method was fully validated in accordance with international guidelines for OF collected in StatSure and Quantisal buffers. Matrix effects and extraction efficiencies were acceptable with most analytes showing > 80% response and low variation (less than 5% RSD). Precision, accuracy and repeatability were typically within 6% RSD for all analytes, except for EDDP (methadone metabolite) and norbuprenorphine which showed poor precision in StatSure buffer, while the 7 aminobenzodiazepine metabolites showed poor precision in Quantisal buffer. The Integra Assist PLUS automated pipettor was sourced for approximately one tenth the price of a full LHS system, and only occupies a fraction of the bench space. Further, the reliable automated process reduces the risk of sample well errors or spills. The modular set-up of the technique required minimal manual handling and was able to prepare a complete 96-well plate for analysis within 90 minutes. Further, the use of a 3D printer allowed for design and implementation of custom equipment within the workflow. Finally, automated custom queries used for assessment of results ensured tight turnaround times are maintained. The developed fast and reliable extraction technique combined with rapid LC-MS/MS analysis of a broad range of drugs in OF allows for the opportunity of greater throughput, decreased turnaround times and lower risk from manual handling processes.

Inkjet Printing and 3D Printing Strategies for Biosensing, Analytical, and Diagnostic Applications.

Inkjet printing and 3D inkjet printing have found many applications in the fabrication of a great variety of devices, which have been developed with the aim to improve and simplify the design, fabrication, and performance of sensors and analytical platforms. Here, developments of these printing technologies reported during the last 10 years are reviewed and their versatile applicability for the fabrication of improved sensing platforms and analytical and diagnostic sensor systems is demonstrated. Illustrative examples are reviewed in the context of particular advantages provided by inkjet printing technologies. Next to aspects of device printing and fabrication strategies, the utilization of inkjet dispensing, which can be implemented into common analytical tools utilizing customized inkjet printing equipment as well as state-of-the-art consumer inkjet printing devices, is highlighted. This review aims to providing a comprehensive overview of examples integrating inkjet and 3D inkjet printing technologies into device layout fabrication, dosing, and analytical applications to demonstrate the versatile applicability of these technologies, and furthermore, to inspire the utilization of inkjet printing for future developments.

Generating FAIR research data in experimental tribology

Solutions for the generation of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data and metadata in experimental tribology are currently lacking. Nonetheless, FAIR data production is a promising path for implementing scalable data science techniques in tribology, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the phenomena that govern friction and wear. Missing community-wide data standards, and the reliance on custom workflows and equipment are some of the main challenges when it comes to adopting FAIR data practices. This paper, first, outlines a sample framework for scalable generation of FAIR data, and second, delivers a showcase FAIR data package for a pin-on-disk tribological experiment. The resulting curated data, consisting of 2,008 key-value pairs and 1,696 logical axioms, is the result of (1) the close collaboration with developers of a virtual research environment, (2) crowd-sourced controlled vocabulary, (3) ontology building, and (4) numerous – seemingly – small-scale digital tools. Thereby, this paper demonstrates a collection of scalable non-intrusive techniques that extend the life, reliability, and reusability of experimental tribological data beyond typical publication practices.

The Highest Retail Price Checker for Web Based Medical Equipment and Necessities

In the business world that is in medical equipment and staples for customers, the availability and also the need for data is also very important. As time goes on, the data is getting more diverse, which makes various products that are uniform but have significant price differences. This triggers confusion for customers to choose a product, so a price checking application is needed. The purpose of this report is to create a price comparison website application that displays the best prices for medical equipment products and staples. The data collection methodology uses Ideation which collects related journals, books, and credible sources. The application design methodology uses the Waterfall method for web development and maintenance. Product data retrieval is done by using the HTML Web Scraping method. How to test the application is done by Alpha Testing and Beta Testing and also Checking Input Output with BlackBox Testing. From the results of data collection and Web Development PriceCheck provides benefits where customers can find out the best price for the product they are looking for which is also available at the right store.

Embedding Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Home and Community Setting: A Rapid Review.

This paper presents a rapid review of the literature for the components, benefits, barriers, and facilitators of pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) people in-home and community-based settings. seventy-six studies were included: 57 home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (HBPR) studies and 19 community-based pulmonary rehabilitation (CBPR) studies. The benefits of HBPR on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life were observed in one-group studies, studies comparing HBPR to usual care, and studies comparing to hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation, although the benefits were less pronounced in the latter. HBPR reduced hospital admissions compared to usual care and was more cost-effective than hospital pulmonary rehabilitation. Most HBPRs were designed with low-density or customized equipment, are minimally supervised, and have a low intensity of training. Although the HBPR has flexibility and no travel burden, participants with severe disease, physical frailty, and complex comorbidities had barriers to complying with HBPR. The telerehabilitation program, a facilitator for HBPR, is feasible and safe. CBPR was offered in-person supervision, despite being limited to physical therapists in most studies. Benefits in exercise capacity were shown in almost all studies, but the improvement in health-related quality of life was controversial. Patients reported the benefits that facilities where they attended the CBPR including social support and the presence of an instructor. They also reported barriers, such as poor physical condition, transport difficulties, and family commitments. Despite the minimal infrastructure offered, HBPR and CBPR are feasible, safe, and provide clinical benefits to patients with COPD. Home and community settings are excellent opportunities to expand the offer of pulmonary rehabilitation programs, as long as they follow protocols that ensure quality and safety following current guidelines.

A Study on the Impact of Rural Electrification on the Agricultural Productivity in MIMAROPA-Region 4B, Philippines

This study examines the effect of rural electrification to agricultural productivity in the MIMAROPA-Region 4B, Philippines. Rural electrification is said to have a significant benefit particularly in agricultural productivity. There are several challenges among the implementation of rural electrification. Low rural incomes can make it difficult to afford and long distances mean more power losses, as well as costly customer service and equipment maintenance. This research proves that rural electrification positively affects agricultural productivity. A multiple regression analysis will be used to evaluate the data to be obtained and determine the relationship between the regressors and the dependent variable. For this study, the independent variables are the percentage of rural electrification (RE), cost of electricity (CE), and the period of democracy (PD). Meanwhile, the dependent variable is agricultural productivity (AP). The data will be sourced from various government agencies in the Philippines including Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of Agriculture MIMAROPA, and Philippine Statistics Authority MIMAROPA.

Real-time scheduling simulation optimisation of job shop in a production-logistics collaborative environment

ABSTRACT In a complex and dynamic job shop containing logistics factor, schedule needs to be generated rapidly, so the real-time scheduling method is more suitable for such scenario. Such method takes advantage of local information within a short time due to the rapid changes of information under uncertain environment. Therefore, how to make use of the future information by prediction while ensuring the robustness of schedule is a valuable problem. To solve it, firstly, a new real-time scheduling model and algorithm is proposed. There is a new kind of release moment of task information which can give AGVs the longest time to prepare for the task than existing research. Secondly, a real-time information update mechanism is designed to increase schedule’s robustness. Finally, a large-scale and dynamic job shop simulation experimental platform is developed. Dynamic factors include the random insertion of orders and failures of equipment. Results show that the method proposed outperforms existing research in terms of customer satisfaction, equipment utilisation and energy consumption. The robustness of schedule can also be acceptable. This paper also finds a rule that in job shop with the large proportion of logistics transportation time, the above method can achieve more competitive results.

An Experimental Investigation of the Behavior of Single-Particle Breakage on Polymetallic Nodules

Abstract Underwater mining systems for mining polymetallic nodules use various transport systems through submersible pumps that can span across subsea platforms (i.e., flexible risers and subsea structures), despite the role of concentration of the medium, shape, and size of the particle and conduit. The crushing unit determines the particle's shape and size, which plays a vital role in transportation (slurry ores) in the subsea environment. The National Institute of Ocean Technology is currently working on a flexible riser transport system. The collected nodules vary in size, and the majority of the nodules are nearly spherical/spheroid in shape with sizes ranging from 3 to 7 cm (Vineesh et al., 2009). The planned vertical slurry transport pipe/flexible hose has an internal diameter of 10 cm for better handling, favorable flow rate, and peak pressure capabilities. The collected nodules are fragmented using a crusher to less than 3 cm (1/3 of the hose inner diameter) to form narrow particle size distribution to prevent layering of the different particle sizes and plug formation by the larger particles during vertical slurry transport. Impact tests were conducted with actual wet nodules of various sizes, using different striker shapes in a drop weight tester to assess the size of the crusher, design the impact surfaces, and estimate the power required. The tests were conducted in submerged conditions to assess the actual load and breakage results. The objective was to maintain low crusher power and have minimal fragmentation to the desired sizes. Single-particle breakage tests were conducted on irregular polymetallic nodules using customized drop-weight impact equipment and a uniaxial compression testing machine to analyze the effect of shape and size on the specific comminution energy (SCE) of three different particle sizes (i.e., 4‐5 cm, 5‐ 6 cm, 6‐7 cm). Furthermore, to understand the deformation behavior of the nodules, experiments are performed with different types of strikers (i.e., hemisphere, conical, and flat). The breakage behavior of ore particles with different particle arrangements and SCE were studied in the tests. Experimental studies indicate that the shape of particles significantly affected the impact-loading mode and the breakage progress. With the increase in the size of particles, the SCE for wet particles decreases for a fixed fraction of particles. Regulating the input power of the crushing machinery and optimizing the crushing technology, considering the influence of particle shape and size, can reduce the SCE consumption and improve energy efficiency. Results reveal that the shape of the striker has a pronounced effect on the SCE in dry, wet, and submerged water test conditions. Compared to wet particles, submerged water conditions show a noticeable increase in SCE consumption due to the associated drag inside water conditions. Our results develop reference data sets required to understand the fragmentation of particles due to intricate crushing and transporting in a submerged environment.

Power Quality Improvement in Microgrids using STATCOM under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

A large number of single-phase loads and sources create unbalanced voltage in microgrids. Voltage unbalance reduces the power quality, which results in misoperation or failure of customer equipment and microgrid. Also, voltage unbalance negatively impacts induction motors, power electronic converters, and adjustable speed drives. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), as an influential segment of the Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems (FACTS), has been extensively utilized as shunt compensators for controlling reactive power and regulation voltage in transmission and distribution networks. Under unbalanced conditions, an oscillating couple between the positive and negative sequence components of control loops emerge in the d-q frame. This paper suggests an innovative point of common coupling (PCC) voltage controller in Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DDSRF) to compensate for an unbalanced PCC voltage and reduce the oscillating couple using STATCOM. Implementation of the proposed DDSRF involves several steps. Firstly, unbalance signals are rotated counterclockwise to split up the positive sequences. Secondly, those signals are rotated clockwise to separate negative sequences. Finally, by utilizing mathematical equations, the proposed DDSRF is introduced, which enables independent control of positive and negative sequence components. This study controls DC capacitor voltage for unbalanced conditions. Furthermore, the regulation voltage at PCC is performed. The control system scheme is also designed under unbalanced conditions, and simulation results guarantee the suggested control strategy.

WITHDRAWN: Dynamic power load distribution using simulated annealing

Load balance, load matching, or frequent demand reserve apply to the usage, during low-demand times of different technology by Power plants to store excess Power. It strives to provide a load factor of 1 in the Power supply device. Network energy storage holds Power beyond the customer's transmission system. Alternatively, the energy may often be dispersed and consumer active, For example, in the case of demand-response storage heaters, such as the UK's economy, or car-to-grid storage networks, which can use electric car storage in high hours, and then reload in off-peak times. These require customer benefits to join, typically by higher off-peak energy prices. Telephone exchanges also have a variety of batteries in their Power plants, which in former Underground networks like the London Underground do not only have their own strength plants, but also the grid to balance loads. Now these supplies are mostly supplemented by a direct grid supply and so for the purposes of load balancing they are no longer usable. Load balancing technologies rely on “smart grid” infrastructure, where many customer and enterprise equipment connect with the utilities through automated means and the utilities can be enabled and turned on to work off-peak hours. The power utilities send a signal down the line and to transform a special circuit through a certain telecoms chip with a basic demand balancing system at home. This circuit is usually connected to a room or a water heater storage unit. This manuscript presents the usage patterns of metaheuristics of simulated annealing for the usage patterns in the load balancing of Power systems with huge elevation in the performance.

Evaluation of Medium Voltage Network for Propagation of Supraharmonics Resonance

Power converters with high switching frequency used to integrate renewable power sources to medium and low voltage networks are sources of emission in the supraharmonic range (2 to 150 kHz). When such converters are connected to a medium voltage (MV) network these supraharmonics propagate through the MV network and can impact network and customer equipment over a wide range. This paper evaluates an existing Swedish MV electrical network and studies the pattern of supraharmonic resonance and the propagation of supraharmonics. The MV network consists of eight feeders including a small wind farm. Simulations reveal that, the bigger the MV network, the more resonant frequencies, but also the lower the amplitude of the resonance peaks in the driving point impedance. It was also identified that for short feeders as length increases, the magnitude of the transfer impedance at supraharmonic frequency decreases. For further increment in feeder length, the magnitude increases or becomes almost constant. For very long feeders, the transfer impedance further starts decreasing. The eight feeders in the network under study are similar but show completely different impedance versus frequency characteristics. Measurements at the MV side of the wind farm show time varying emissions in the supraharmonic range during low power production. The impact of these emissions coupled with system resonance is examined.