Cuspidatum Ehrh Research Articles

Новые виды мхов для южных тундр Ямало-Гыданского региона Западно-Сибирской Арктики

During 2002–2010 expeditions to the southern tundra of Yamalo-Gydan region of the Western Siberian Arctic, moss herbarium was collected by researchers from Tyumen State University, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and “TyumenNIIgiprogaz”. 9 species new for the territory were identified: Bryum intermedium (Brid.) Turton, Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) H. A. Crum, Entodon concinnus (De Not.) Paris, Didymodon rigidulus Hedw., Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop., Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Stereodon pallescens (Hedw.) Mitt., Tetraphis pellucida Hedw., Timmia megapolitana Hedw. The following characteristics are indicated for each species: herbarium label, growth substrate, growth condition, geographical coordinates of the location, general distribution throughout Russia, including Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. New locations of most of these species expand northern boundary of habitat area in the Tyumen region.

Differences in hydrophyte life forms induce spatial heterogeneity of CH4 production and its carbon isotopic signature in a temperate bog peatland

AbstractTo clarify the effect of differences in hydrophyte life forms on methane (CH4) production and its carbon stable isotopic signature (δ13C‐CH4), we analyzed CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, their stable carbon isotope values, and chemical constituents dissolved in pore water in a small floating peat bog in Japan. Because eutrophication has modified the surrounding water quality, the bog vegetation on the mat has been, in part, replaced by fen‐type vegetation. We hypothesized that differences in hydrophyte habitats affect redox conditions, including dissolved oxygen (DO) in water and therefore the amounts and carbon isotopic values of CH4 and CO2 dissolved in pore water. Between the habitats of two Sphagnum species, DO was considerably higher, and CH4 concentrations were significantly lower in Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. habitats in hollow (DO: 0.62 ± 0.20 mg/L (standard error (SE)) and CH4: 0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/L) than in Sphagnum palustre L. habitats in hummock (DO: 0.29 ± 0.08 and CH4: 0.82 ± 0.06) in pore water (10 cm depth). Both DO and CH4 concentrations in three vascular plant habitats (Rhynchospora fauriei Franch., Phragmites australis [reed], and Menyanthes trifoliata L.) in pore water (10 cm depth) were intermediate relative to the two Sphagnum species. However, CH4 flux in M. trifoliata site was significantly higher than that at both Sphagnum sites, suggesting that the type of gas transport (diffusive or convective via root and stem) affected the depth profile of CH4 concentrations and its flux. δ13C‐CH4 values in pore water also varied among the vegetation types, even within Sphagnum species (e.g., at 10 cm depth, δ13C‐CH4: R. fauriei, −55.3 ± 1.8‰ (SE); P. australis, −57.5 ± 1.6‰; M. trifoliata, −56.7 ± 1.5‰; S. cuspidatum, −71.2 ± 1.4‰; and S. palustre, −60.4 ± 0.6‰). Our results suggest that significant differences arise in CH4 concentration and δ13C‐CH4 values among the hydrophyte habitats even within a small peat bog and that change in vegetation relative to trophic conditions can affect CH4 emissions and associated δ13C‐CH4 values.

Review Of Drosera Intermedia Herbarium Specimens And New Data On Its Distribution And Ecology In Lithuania

Abstract Drosera intermedia Hayne is one of four species of the genus Drosera in Lithuania. It has the status of an endangered species, however, relatively little is known about its abundance, population size and habitat preference. Seven localities of the species have been indicated in Lithuania till now. Evidence of herbaria is known from four localities. Revision of herbarium specimens revealed the fact that only one sample consisting of six plants was proved to be Drosera intermedia. It was collected in Kamanos raised bog. Distribution of D. intermedia based on recent findings includes two localities in the northern and the eastern parts of Lithuania. Detailed investigations of D. intermedia habitat preference and population size were pursued in the Kamanos State Strict Nature Reserve (Akmenė distr.) in 2013–2014 in five sample plots situated in the Rhynchosporion albae W.Koch 1926 community. The highest density of D. intermedia plants was recorded on bare peat in the mosaic microhabitats of Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl and Sphagnum spp. Microhabitats with Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. were more favourable than that of Sphagnum magellanicum. There were counted 376 (2013) and 322 (2014) individuals in three sample plots. Next year, 83 plants were appended in two additional plots. Vegetative individuals were more abundant in less favourable areas, while up to 30% of the flowering plants were registered in the depressions of bare peat and Rhynchospora alba mosaic.

Extrativismo e comercialização de Sphagnum (veludo): características, implicações socioeconômicas e ecológicas e perspectivas

<p>Visando a contribuir para o melhor entendimento da atividade extrativista de <em>Sphagnun </em>spp. no Brasil, apresenta-se resul­tado de levantamento etnobotânico junto às comunidades extratoras inseridas na APA de Guaratuba, Paraná. Especifica­mente visou-se a caracterizar socioeconomicamente esta comunidade assim como sua dependência frente ao recurso foco. Buscou-se também detalhar esta atividade extrativista em termos de sistema de produção-consumo ou “cadeia de valor”, traçando a sua evolução histórica e avaliando as perspectivas de sustentabilidade socioeconômica-ambiental da mesma. Foram registradas cinco espécies: <em>S. capillifolium </em>(Ehrh.) Hedw., <em>S. cuspidatum </em>Ehrh. ex Hoffm., <em>S. erythrocalyx </em>Hampe, <em>S. perichaetiale </em>Hampe e <em>S. recurvum </em>P. Beauv, com ocorrência natural na região de estudo e igualmente submetidas a intenso extrativismo frente à demanda do segmento floricultor. Discutem-se as implicações socioeconômicas e ambientais e perspectivas deste tipo de extrativismo.</p>

Impact of seedbed and water level on the establishment of plant species associated with bog pools: Implications for Restoration

Our study found that a water level close to the surface and a seedbed composed of bare peat or a Sphagnum carpet favored the germination of vascular species associated with pools in peatlands. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the impact of seedbed and water level on the germination and growth of 7 plant species associated with pools: Carex limosa L., C. magellanica Lam. ssp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Hulten, C. oligosperma Michx., C. pauciflora Lightf., and Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl from the Cyperaceae family as well as Drosera intermedia Hayne (Droseraceae) and Scheuchzeria palustris L. (Scheuchzeriaceae). The 3 seedbeds tested were 1) bare peat; 2) a carpet of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. and S. fallax (Klinggr.) Klinggr. (Sphagnaceae); and 3) a carpet of Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) H. Buch (Cephaloziaceae), common bryophytes along pool edges. Seedbeds were combined with 2 water levels (0 and 10 cm below the soil surface) in a complete factorial block design. Germination periods were generally longer when seeds were submitted to drier conditions and placed on C. fluitans carpets. Conditions favoring biomass production were more variable among species. These results will facilitate the identification of the best ecological conditions for successful establishment of pool edge species in the context of restoration projects, thereby increasing biodiversity and ecological value of restored peatlands.

Sphagnum (velvet) species used by rural communities at the Guaratuba EPA, Paraná State, Brazil

The results of a survey of Sphagnum used by the Descoberto and Empanturrado rural communities (Guaratuba municipality and Guaratuba Environmental Protected Area - EPA) are presented. The analysis was based on fresh material collected in different harvesting areas. Five species were recorded: S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. erythrocalyx Hampe, S. perichaetiale Hampe and S. recurvum P. Beauv.. All of them are native species that grow spontaneously in that region and are intensively harvested by the local community. A key is presented to differentiate the species, and the botanical description, common names, geographic distribution and illustrations for each species are included.

Contribution to the bryological flora of Argentina. Sphagnum perichaetiale Hampe. and S. recurvum P. Beauv. (Sphagnaceae)

Sphagnum perichaetiale Hampe and S. recurvum P. Beauv. are reported as new to Argentina based on collections from the Corrientes province. The presence of S. recurvum in this province is the southernmost locality in America. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. and S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. should be excluded from the bryological flora of the province of Corrientes. Descriptions, illustrations, SEM photographs, habitat, ecology and distribution are given.

Response of photosynthesis of Sphagnum species from contrasting microhabitats to tissue water content and repeated desiccation.

The response of photosynthetic CO2 exchange to tissue water content in five spp. of Sphagnum from contrasting microhabitats (S. fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr., S. papillosum H. Lindb., S. magellanicum Brid., S. balticum (Russ.) C. Jens. and S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) was measured in the laboratory using an infrared gas analyser technique. Experiments were designed to test recovery of net photosynthesis after periodic and long lasting desiccation. The contact between capitula and basal parts of the mosses seems to be important for survival. Isolated capitula cut off from any contact with the water table were not able to recover after complete desiccation (at 15°C for 2-4 d). When contact with the water table is lost, e.g. during long periods of desiccation, recovery of net photosynthesis can take place but only if the water content of the capitula does not fall too far below c. 10-20% of the water content at compensation point. There was no relationship between the ability of net photosynthesis to recover from desiccation and the wetness of the natural microhabitat. Sphagna survive dry periods by avoidance of drying out by high capillarity or dense growth form (as in S. fuscum).

Effects of an experimentally applied increase in ammonium on growth and amino‐acid metabolism of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex. Hoffm. from differently polluted areas

SUMMARY Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex. Hoffm. was removed from a relatively remote moorland site at the Migneint, N. Wales and from Holme Moss, S. Pennines — a site that has been subjected to atmospheric pollution deposition for a period of at least the last 200 yr.When exposed to elevated ammonium (NH4+) concentrations (0·1 and 1·0 mM) under laboratory conditions for a period of 30 d, S. cuspidatum from N. Wales showed a marked reduction in growth, whereas in the S. Pennine population, growth was stimulated above that of the untreated control tissue at both 0·1 and 1·0 mM NH4+. The largest growth stimulation, however, was seen at 0·1 mM.The effects of increased NH4+ in the growth medium on tissue total chlorophyll concentration after 30 d exposure were similar in moss from both study sites. There was a small linear decline in chlorophyll concentration with increasing ammonium concentration.Moss from both sites was exposed to 0·1 mM NH4+ for a period of 20 d. There was a marked difference in the response of the different moss populations as indicated by changes in the concentrations of the individual amino acids; notably a dramatic transient increase in glutamine (three‐fold), arginine (19‐fold), and asparagine (fourfold) in the moss from N. Wales. In contrast, in the S. Pennine moss, changes in tissue amino‐N concentration were very much smaller. Possible mechanisms to account for the intraspecific differences in response of the moss from the two study sites to increased ammonium concentrations are discussed.

Transition metals and the ability of Sphagnum to withstand the phytotoxic effects of the bisulphite ion

summary Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. (ex Hoffm.) and Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv. were collected from the hog surface and minerotrophic lagg zones of two relatively remote ‘unpolluted’ sites in Northern England and North Wales, and two ‘polluted’ sites in the S. Pennines. In addition, surface peat and surface water samples were taken adjacent to the sample points. Sphagnum recurvum from mire surfaces in the S, Pennines and drainage channels at remote sites was exposed to the phytotoxic bisulphite ion (HSO3−), which subsequently rapidly disappeared from the bathing solution (< 6 b). When the same species, taken from mire surfaces at remote sites, was exposed to HSO3−, a much slower disappearance of this ion occurred. Sphagnum cuspidatum from remote sites showed a similar response. Both became bleached and eventually died. Sphagnum recurvum, growing in the drainage channel at the remote site showed a higher extracellular concentration of transition metals an cation exchange sites; a consequence of a higher concentration of the same ions in these telluric waters. At the S. Pennine sites transition metal concentrations in the surface peat were high. Here, as in the drainage channels at the remote sites, the extracellular metal concentrations imparted to the moss the ability rapidly to remove HSO3−, from the growth medium.

Short term effects of bisulphite on pollution‐tolerant and pollution sensitive populations of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. (ex. Hoffm.)

summaryMoss tissue from two distinct populations of Sphagnum cuspidatum from N, Wales (‘unpolluted’) and the S. Pennines (‘polluted’) was exposed to 0.2 mM HSO3− over a 24–26 h period. The rates of HSO2−, disappearance in the bathing solution were monitored in conjunction with tissue dark respiration, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics. Slow disappearance of HSO3− in the presence of moss tissue from N. Wales (40% of initial concentration remaining after 24 h) resulted in a rapid (< 2 h) loss of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and a gradual marked decline in tissue dark respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching. In the S. Pennine tissue, rapid HSO3− disappearance in the growth medium (complete after < 4 h) resulted in a marked recovery of photosynthetic and respiratory pathways after the initial inhibitory effects of HSO3− on these processes. Pretreating S. Pennine moss tissue with EDTA prior to exposure increased HSO3− residence time with consequent rapid decline in net photosynthetic rate, rendering the response of the moss similar to that from N. Wales (‘unpolluted’ site).In a second experiment, identical moss samples from the two study sites were exposed to 0.2 mM HSO3− for a period of 24 d. One set of plants from each population was prewashed in 5mM EDTA to remove extracellularly‐bound cations prior to HSO3− exposure. Growth decrease was greater in the unpretreated moss N. Wales (74% with respect to tissue not exposed to HSO3−) than that from the S. Pennines (45.5%). After 10 days the pigments of the former were visibly bleached. No bleaching was observed in the latter.In the moss from N. Wales, removal of the extracellular cations with EDTA only slightly enhanced the effect of HSO3− on growth, whilst in the S. Pennine plants EDTA pretreatment resulted in a further growth reduction of 13%.The differential response of the moss from the two sites is discussed as a function of the extracellular transition metal concentration (Notably Fe) associated with the plants.

Some effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and carbon dioxide concentration on the morphology and vegetative reproduction of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.

SUMMARYFive experiments are described which were designed to investigate the effects of varying the concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, potassium and carbon dioxide in the culture solution on the morphology and vegetative reproduction of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. The plants were grown axenically from spores sown on agar containing inorganic salts and then transferred to aqueous culture solutions through which air containing enhanced concentrations of carbon dioxide was passed.In three of the experiments the plants were grown in a balanced inorganic salt solution at various dilutions and in two of these the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas bubbled through the solution was varied. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were varied independently and in combination in the remaining experiments while the concentration of carbon dioxide was kept constant.In some of the experiments the minimum concentrations of nitrogen and potassium supplied were considerably below the minimum average concentrations recorded in rain but the minimum concentration of phosphorus supplied was within the upper part of the range recorded in rain. Within the ranges supplied the concentrations of all three elements and of carbon dioxide affected interfascicle length and vegetative reproduction (innovation formation) but it was concluded that the element limiting innovation formation in natural conditions is phosphorus.

The relationship between some morphological and chemical features of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. and physical characteristics of the environment

SummaryThe frequency (No. 1000 fascicles−1) of innovations (branches resembling the parent shoot) on plants of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. was determined at IX sites on or near the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve on six occasions. The capitula were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.When the sites were arranged in order of increasing mean innovation frequency it was found that the frequency at ombrotrophic sites was less than that at rheotropic sites. Interfascicle length was directly related to innovation frequency but no evidence of a relationship between either interfascicle length or innovation frequency and capitulum dry weight was found. During the course of each growing season the variances of the means of interfascicle length and capitulum dry weight declined.Multiple regression analysis indicated that the capitulum dry weight and interfascicle length were negatively and positively related respectively to the nitrogen content of the capitula. The regression of innovation frequency on N, P and K in the capitula was not significant (P > 0.05).Two experiments were undertaken in which shoots of Sphagnum cuspidatum were reciprocally transplanted between a rheotrophic and an ombrotrophic site. During the course of a single growing season the mean interfascicle length, the mean capitulum dry weight and the mean concentrations of N, P and K in the capitula became much more similar to those of the controls. At the beginning of each experiment all visible innovations were removed from the plants. At the end of the experiment in 1983 innovation frequencies on the transplants were intermediate between those on the ombrotrophic and rheotrophic controls. In 1984 innovation frequencies on both controls and transplants were relatively low and an attempt is made to explain this in terms of the climatic conditions of that year.

Effects of simulated ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid rain on acidification, water quality and flora of small-scale soft water systems

In a greenhouse, seven identical small-scale ecosystems, simulating hydrologically isolated lentic soft waters, were exposed to different artificial rain solutions during a 2-year period. Two major types of rain were used, one being sulphuric acid rain (pH 5.6–3.5) containing nitrate, the other being rain (pH 5.6) containing ammonium sulphate. The treatments with ammonium sulphate, particularly, caused remarkable changes in water quality and flora. pH decreased down to 3.5, whereas both ammonium and sulphate accumulated. Nitrification of ammonium appeared to be the dominant acidifying process. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, Cd and Zn increased as a result of acidification. In the acidified systems exposed to a high deposition of ammonium sulphate, typical soft water plants, such as Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers., disappeared and a luxuriant growth of both Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. and Juncus bulbosus L. occurred. The microflora community also altered remarkablym with the filamentous green algae, Oedogonium spp. and Mougeotia spp., becoming dominant. Implications for the quantitative importance of airborne ammonium-induced acidification and eutrophication of surface waters in The Netherlands are given. It is suggested that for the survival of the biocoenoses of oligotrophic soft waters, total inputs of acid and ammonium-nitrogen should not exceed 250 and 1380 mol ha −1 year −1, respectively. It is emphasized that internationally, more attention should be focused on the role of atmospheric ammonium deposition in the acidification problem.

The Distribution of Sphagnum Taxa in Texas

Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. molle Sull., and S. recurvum (Russ.) Warnst. sensu lato are reported as new to Texas, increasing the number of Sphagnum species known from Texas to ten. The range of Sphagnum taxa now includes twenty-seven Texas counties. Notes on habitats for each species and a list of state and county records are provided. The geographical distribution and species composition of peat mosses in Texas are poorly known. Twenty Sphagnum taxa are known to occur along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Blomquist 1938, Breen 1963, Andrus 1974); however, only six species and one variety of Sphagnum are reported from fifteen eastern and southeastern Texas counties in Whitehouse and McAllister's catalogue of Texas mosses (1954). A scattering of new county records for Sphagnum has since been reported (Pursell & Reese 1963, Magill 1973, Lodwick 1975a,b, Stoneburner & Wyatt 1979); however, S. perichaetiale is the only addition to the state flora (Stoneburner & Wyatt 1979). The senior author initiated field studies in 1974 to locate additional Sphagnum taxa and Sphagnumcontaining habitats in eastern and southeastern Texas. Thirty of the forty-five previously reported collections were reexamined. Based on some 200 field and herbarium specimens, the known Texas Sphagnum taxa are increased in number from seven to ten, and the known range is extended from seventeen to a total of twenty-seven counties. The ten taxa of Sphagnum now known from Texas are restricted to the mesic eastern region of the state below 250 m elevation, which receives abundant rainfall (75-130+ cm precipitation annually) and which has acidic or slightly acidic sand, sandy loam, or clay loam soils. This region is dominated by three major vegetational zones (Fig. 1): the Pineywoods or East Texas Forest zone, the Gulf Prairie and Marshes zone, and the Post Oak Savannah zone. Sphagnum-containing habitats in Texas outside of this region are apparently lacking because of topographical and climatic factors. 0007-2745/80/214-218$0.70/0 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.116 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 05:56:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1980] LODWICK & SNIDER: SPHAGNUM OF TEXAS 215

Observations on the Growth of Sphagnum Cuspidatum in a Bog Pool on the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve

The growth in a bog-surface pool of 50-mm-long shoots of Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. from two sources (a bog-surface pool and a lagg-pool) was measured in three experiments lasting four to thirteen months. The lagg-pool shoots had a lower total dry weight, greater capitulum dry weight and higher concentrations of chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium initially. They produced more extensiongrowth and more innovations. The conditions in bog-surface pools are suboptimal for S. cuspidatum. This species cannot produce new shoots as fast as they are lost by natural causes and cannot expand to fill the pools.

Sphagnum cuspidatum New to Kansas and Missouri

Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. is reported as new to the flora of Kansas and Missouri. Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. is a new record for the flora of Kansas and Missouri. The specimens were collected from acid strip-mine lakes in southeastern Kansas and southwestern Missouri and are in the Kansas State College of Pittsburg herbarium. This species has been reported for Alaska, Arkansas, Michigan, Pennsylvania, possibly Iowa, Wisconsin, the eastern seaboard from Newfoundland to Georgia, the West Indies, and Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The new reports are based on the following collections: KANSAS. CRAWFORD CO.: Sect. 11, T. 30S, R. 25E, submerged to marginal in acid strip-mine lakes; KSC 10023. MISSOURI. BARTON CO.: Sect. 18, T. 31N, R. 33W, submerged to marginal in acid stripmine lakes; KSC 10024. The water from which the collections of Sphagnum cuspidatum were made was characterized by pH of 3.2-4.0, methyl-orange alkalinity at 0.00 ppm, and phenolphthalein boiling-point acidity of 100-600 ppm. ' This paper is based on work supported by the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission and the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, D-J Project F-12-R-3, Job 4-3. Dr. L. J. Gier and Dr. R. V. Drexler are credited for the identifications. 2 Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044. 3 Department of Biology, Kansas State College of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762. This content downloaded from 40.77.167.92 on Mon, 18 Apr 2016 06:38:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Studies on the Taxonomy and Distribution of Sphagnum I. Sphagnum pylaesii and Sphagnum angermanicum in Quebec and Some Phytogeographic Considerations

Sphagnum pylaesii and S. angermanicum are reported for the first time from Quebec. Their distribution in the maritime provinces of eastern Canada and Newfoundland is similar in spite of their different habitat requirements. Sphagnum pylaesii is able to grow under nearly arctic conditions in northern Labrador although it is a southern species in Europe; S. angermanicum is limited to temperate eastern Canada while it is a northern species in Europe. Sphagnum pylaesii also occurs in South America. VEGETATION AND ECOLOGY Recently a collecting trip was made to explore the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River and its estuary, as far as accessible by road (Highway 15, Saguenay County), for peat mosses. As one might expect, a number of (=euryatlantic) species such as Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., S. tenellum Pers., and S. pulchrum (Lindb.) Warnst. were seen, species with a distribution clearly concentrated along the ocean without being entirely restricted to it. In addition, S. pylaesii Brid. and S. angermanicum Melin were discovered in the headlands of Baie Ste. Marguerite (west of Seven Islands). This area resembles a coastal plain covered by a low lying 1 National Research Council Paper No. 8782. 2 Atlantic Regional Laboratory, National Research Council, Halifax, Nova Scotia. This content downloaded from 40.77.167.71 on Sat, 19 Nov 2016 04:34:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 96 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 69 system of bogs and fens.3 A raised (ombrotrophic) is found 2 miles west of Clarke City. It contains acidic pools with much S. cuspidatum and less S. dusenii C. Jens. and S. tenellum, and is remarkable for the abundance of Dicranum leioneuron Kindb., an amphiatlantic species with a suboceanic type of distribution (Ahti et al. 1965). In contrast, most mires in the area are poor fens or fens of medium acidity, alternating with extensive, burnt-over black spruce stands. Sphagnum pylaesii was encountered in many pools on the east side of Highway 15 about 1.5 miles south of the turnoff to Ste. Marguerite and also in wet sand pans 2 miles east of Clarke City on the north side of Highway 15 (July 8, 1965, Maass CAN, QMP, NY, FH, DUKE, H, UPS, S-PA, O, C, M, PC). In Quebec, S. pylaesii has been found from only a few other places along the Strait of Belle Isle: at Blanc Sablon in wet peat land northeast of the bridge along with S. tenellum, S. pulchrum, and S. lindbergii Schimp. (July 11, 1963, Maass CAN, QMP); in sandy pools (with or without peat) on the Bradore plain (July 11, 1963, Maass CAN, QMP); and in a wet at Bottom of Bradore Bay (July 11, 1963, Maass CAN, QMP). Sphagnum angermanicum was found on the slopes of Sphagnum hummocks which ringed a few S. pulchrum pools (containing also S. pylaesii) and mud shallows about 1.5 miles south of the turnoff to Ste. Marguerite (July 8, 1965, Maass CAN, QMP, NY, DUKE, H, UPS, C, M, PC). The short time spent at the sites did not allow a complete vegetation analysis, but the following will illustrate the unusual vegetation: By Highway 15 between Gallix and the turnoff to Ste. Marguerite there is a long and fairly broad mud shallow which extends from a bend in the road eastward and contains a sparse cover of Eleocharis calva, Eriocaulon parkeri, Dulichium arundinaceum, Juncus stygius var. americanus, Kalmia polifolia, Myrica gale, Utricularia intermedia, Pohlia sp., and Riccardia sp. The shallow is bordered by a dense shrub vegetation with Sphagnum hummocks containing S. papillosum Lindb., S. rubellum Wils., S. recurvum var. mucronatum (Russ.) Warnst., S. pulchrum, and S. angermanicum. The far end of the shallow has an overgrown area with irregular hollows surrounded by Carex exilis, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Drosera rotundifolia, Kalmia polifolia, Ledum groenlandicum, Myrica gale, Scirpus caespitosus ssp. austriacus, Sphagnum compactum DC., S. papillosum, and S. rubellum. The vegetation of the hollows is made up of Drosera intermedia, Lycopodium inundatum, Oxycoccus quadripetalus Sphagnum pylaesii, S. pulchrum, S. platyphyllum Sull., and CladopodiellUa fluitans (Nees) Buch. A little to the east there is an extensive deep 3 The terms mire, bog and fen are used here according to their definition by Sjiirs (1961, 1963). Mire is a general term for any type of peat land. An ombrotrophic is defined as a mire entirely nourished by precipitation (=bog sens. str.). A fen is a mire partly nourished by the inflow of water from the mineral ground (=minerotrophic mire) and may be subdivided according to acidity etc. into poor and rich fens. This content downloaded from 40.77.167.71 on Sat, 19 Nov 2016 04:34:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1966] MAASS: SPHAGNA FROM QUEBEC 97

Some Sphagna from Indochina

Some Sphagna from Indochina