Curved Box Girder Bridges Research Articles

Appearance Inspection and Finite Element Analysis of Posttension Concrete Horizontal Curved Box Girder Bridge: Static and Dynamic Analysis

Appearance Inspection and Finite Element Analysis of Posttension Concrete Horizontal Curved Box Girder Bridge: Static and Dynamic Analysis

Design, construction and monitoring of continuous curved box girder bridge during bearing replacement-case study

Rubber bearing has been widely applied in bridge engineering because of its simple structure. During use, rubber bearings are prone to cracking, aging and shear deformation, which need to be replaced in time. In this paper, a bearing replacement project of continuous curved bridge in Lin’an, Zhejiang, China is taken as a case, and the design scheme, construction technology and construction monitoring of the bridge bearing replacement without interrupting traffic were proposed. Finite element model of this bridge was established, the jacking force and jacking height of this bridge were determined through analysis, and a scheme was designed for the reinforcement of piers. The construction process and specific construction technical points was introduced in detail. In addition, to determine and control the absolute safety of the jacking process, the jacking force, box-girder displacement, and bridge stress were monitored. The results show that the finite element analysis can provide technical guidance for the design theory of bearing replacement. The bearing replacement design scheme, construction technology and construction monitoring adopted in this project were safe and feasible. The research content has important reference significance for solving similar bridge bearing replacement projects in the future.

Cracks evaluation at a pier of a curved box girder bridge during its balanced cantilever construction sequence

In urban area, modern role of bridges is to connect two or more locations. In that area, it is often to construct long span road crossing curved integral bridges consisting of several spans. In this study, the same type of bridge which is located at the intersection of an existing road and an elevated toll road in Jakarta showed cracks at one of the piers during construction of bridge segments. Construction time started from the beginning of 2016 until the end of 2018. Observations were done after the occurrence of cracks by installing strain gauge sensor at the lower part of the pier. Strain from the strain gauge is not only influenced by the construction activities but it is also influenced by the temperature of the surrounding environment. Construction staging analysis using MIDAS Civil software was conducted to evaluate the cracks. Numerical strain evaluation was done by considering the temperature effect taken from the measurement. Both stress which is calculated from the strain obtained by the measurement and construction staging analysis are in good concordance. Using the allowable stress limit for both obtained stress, the actual condition at the pier were verified.

Optimization design on the section of curved composite box beam bridges

AbstractA curved composite box girder bridge has a coupling effect of bending and torsion under external load. The existence of interface slip will reduce the stiffness of the curved box girder and generate additional deflection. Because the curved composite box girder has multiple junction surfaces, under the action of external load, the different junction surfaces present asymmetrical slip distribution, and the shear connector force is complicated, so it is difficult to obtain its analytical solution. In this paper, an analysis model of a curved steel‐concrete composite box girder is established by selecting the appropriate element type and material constitutive relationship model. And by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results, the correctness and rationality of the constitutive relationship between the element type and the material are verified. Based on the cross‐section parameters obtained by numerical simulation and experimental verification, combined with nonlinear optimization theory, the relationship between the optimized parameters is analyzed, and the cross‐section of the curved composite box girder is optimized. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of curved box girder bridges.

Symplectic analysis of thin-walled curved box girders with torsion, distortion and shear lag warping effects

Shear lag effect and torsional and distortional warping can significantly affect the performance of thin-walled curved box girders used in modern bridge engineering. The structural behaviour of these bridges exhibits complexity due to coupled bending and torsion together with warping effects of non-uniform torsion, distortion and shear lag. A practical method of analysis, based on the symplectic approach, with the same perspective as the Higher Order Beam Theories, is presented for overcoming the difficulties of numerical approaches via the Finite Element Method. In this paper, the Hamiltonian Structural Analysis method implements the analysis of the shear lag effect together with non-uniform torsion and distortion, for curved box girder bridges. The examples given can allow engineers to evaluate the effects of the negative shear lag phenomenon and the distribution of axial stresses in box slabs and webs, due to different warping effects, which strongly influence thin-walled box sections subjected to point loads and restrained areas.

Impact Coefficient Analysis of Curved Box Girder Bridge Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupling

In the current vehicle-bridge dynamics research studies, displacement impact coefficients are often used to replace the moment and shear force impact coefficients, and the vehicle model is also simplified as a moving-load model without considering the contribution of vehicle stiffness and damping to the system in some concerned research studies, which cannot really reflect the mechanical behavior of the structures under vehicle dynamic loads. This paper presents a vehicle-bridge coupling model for the prediction of dynamic responses and impact coefficient of the long-span curved bending beam bridge. The element stiffness matrix and mass matrix of a curved box girder bridge with 9 freedom degrees are directly deduced based on the principle of virtual work and dynamic finite element theory. The vibration equations of vehicle-bridge coupling are established by introducing vehicle mode with 7 freedom degrees. The Newmark-β method is adopted to solve vibration response of the system under vehicle dynamic loads, and the influences of flatness of bridge surface, vehicle speed, load weight, and primary beam stiffness on the impact coefficient are comprehensively discussed. The results indicate that the impact coefficient presents a nonlinear increment as the flatness of bridge surface changes from good to terrible. The vehicle-bridge coupling system resonates when the vehicle speeds reach 60 km/h and 100 km/h. The moment design value will maximally increase by 2.89%, and the shear force design value will maximally decrease by 34.9% when replacing moment and shear force impact coefficients with the displacement impact coefficient for the section internal force design. The load weight has a little influence on the impact coefficient; the displacement and moment impact coefficients are decreased with an increase in primary beam stiffness, while the shear force impact coefficient is increased with an increase in primary beam stiffness. The theoretical results presented in this paper agree well with the ANSYS results.

Parametric Study of the Intermediate External Bracing System of Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges

During the pouring of concrete deck, the installation of external bracing between the inner and outer girders may be necessary when the bridge has sharp curve in order to control the deflection and rotation of the girders. However, it is important to minimize the number of external bracing members, as they have expensive cost and they also have opposite effects for the fatigue features of the steel tub girders. The analysis of curved box girder bridges is carried out numerically by the use of finite element method through (ANSYS 19.2) software. The curved box girder with the intermediate external diaphragms was modeled and the analysis was carried out for many parameters like external bracing sections, girders with or without concrete deck, girders with end diaphragms or without them. The study concluded that ANSYS program has a good ability in evaluating the external bracing force comparing with code equations.

Analysis on the Causes of Cracks in Curved Box Girder Bridges with Small Radius

At present, curved box girder bridges with small radius is widely used in modern highway and urban road interchange flyover, especially in the design of ramp bridge of interchange flyover. Taking the ramp of Liaoyang Road to Haier Road Flyover in Laoshan District of Qingdao as an example, this paper calculates and compares the first principal stress at different positions of typical cross-sections by elementary beam theory and numerical calculation theory, and analyzes the mechanical reasons for serious cracks in the bridge.

Stressing State Analysis of an Integral Abutment Curved Box-Girder Bridge Model.

This paper experimentally investigates the working behavior characteristics of an integral abutment curved box-girder (IACBG) bridge model based on the structural stressing state theory. First, the stressing state of the bridge model is represented by generalized strain energy density (GSED) values at each load Fj and characterized by the normalized GSED sum Ej,norm. Then, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) criterion is adopted to detect the stressing state mutations of the bridge model from Ej,norm-Fj curve in order to achieve the new definition of structural failure load. Correspondingly, the stressing state modes for the bridge model’s sections and internal forces are reached in order to investigate their variation characteristics and the coordinated working behavior around the updated failure load. The unseen knowledge is revealed by studying working behavior characteristics of the bridge model. Therefore, the analytical results could provide a new structural analysis method, which updates the definition of the existing structural failure load and provides a reference for future design of the bridges.

Dynamic response of long-span continuous curved box girder bridge under seismic excitation

Form function matrix is created by introducing high order displacement interpolation function in the node. Based on the virtual work principle and dynamic finite element theory, the spatial element stiffness matrix, mass matrix and earthquake mass matrix of a thin-walled box girder having 9 freedom degrees at each node are deduced. The D’Alembert vibration equation is also established. Newmark-β method is used through MATLAB to solve the seismic response of a long-span continuous curved box girder bridge under El-centro seismic waves. Meanwhile the spatial finite element model of the whole bridge is established by ANSYS. The results indicate that the dynamic responses of pier columns exhibit spatiality. The dynamic response of a bridge structure under 2D coupling horizontal seismic excitation is much bigger than that under 1D horizontal seismic excitation. The critical angle of seismic waves is 50° for radial displacement response. Theoretical calculation results are in agreement with the finite element analysis results. The deduced element matrix not only can be used to calculate the seismic response of long-span curved beam bridge structures but also can provide significant references for the structures in vibration response caused by moving traffic.

Overturning Axis Selection in Curved Box-Girder Bridges with Single-Column Piers

This study was conducted to theoretically analyze the overturning axes of curved box-girder bridges with three equal spans and single-column piers per the influence of curvature radius and bearing eccentricity on overturning axis. The theoretical analysis is verified by a model bridge experiment. The results show that overturning axis can be effectively determined according to the connecting line of either bearings at the central piers or outmost bearings at abutments as influenced by curvature radius and bearing eccentricity. In other words, no bearings are outside of overturning axis. All the bearings but the two on the overturning axis are located on the inner side of the axis. For curved bridges with multispans and single-column or double-column piers, the overturning axis is characterized by the connecting line of the two adjacent outmost bearings.

Analytical Fragility Curves for a Class of Horizontally Curved Box-Girder Bridges

ABSTRACTAnalytical fragility curves were developed for curved single-frame concrete box-girder bridges with seat-type abutments. The bridges incorporated the current seismic design considerations and modern details that were recently adopted by CALTRANS. Fragility curves demonstrated that columns were the most vulnerable components, while the modern seismic details successfully protected the abutment piles from damage during large earthquakes. Increasing the subtended angle affected the seismic vulnerability at both the component and system levels. Functional relationships were proposed to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of curved bridges. Moreover, fragility curve parameters were shown to depend on soil condition and spectral characteristics of ground motions.

基于梁格法的小半径钢筋混凝土弯箱梁桥空间受力特性分析

弯箱梁桥造型优美，能很好地适应和改善道路线型，近年来被广泛地应用于城市桥梁中。但弯箱梁受力复杂，需采用空间分析方法进行分析。本文采用MIDAS/Civil建立全桥梁格模型，分析了小半径弯箱梁结构的空间受力特性，研究了其在荷载作用下的位移以及支座反力特性。通过分析空间模型的计算结果，小半径弯箱梁结构存在明显的弯扭耦合效应，并可引起弯箱梁截面的扭转以及支座反力的不均匀等现象，通过设置支座预偏心可有效消减支座反力不均匀现象。 Curved box girder bridge is beautiful, can adapt to and improve the road linearity. In recent years, it has been widely used in urban bridges. But the force of curved box girder bridge is complex, it needs to use the spatial analysis method for analysis. In this paper, the full-bridge grid model was established by MIDAS/Civil based on grillage method, and the spatial force characteristics of the small radius curved box girder were analyzed, and the displacement and bearing reaction characteristics under the load were studied. By analyzing the calculation results of the space model, it can be seen that there are obvious bending and torsional coupling effects of the small radius curved box girder structure, which can cause the torsion of the cross section of the bending box and the nonuniformity of the bearing reaction. However, there is an effective reduction of the nonuniformity of the bearing reaction by bearing eccentricity.

Parametric Study of Single Cell Box Girder Bridge under Different Radii of Curvature

Box girders are now prominently used in freeway and bridge systems because of its structural efficiency, better stability, serviceability, economy of construction and pleasing aesthetics. Due to its high torsional rigidity box girders are most suited for curved bridges. In the present investigation, a comparative study of straight and curved box girder bridges with trapezoidal cross section has been carried out. The analysis is carried under the dead load, super imposed dead load, live load of IRC Class A tracked vehicle and prestressed load .This paper focus on the parametric study of box girders with different radius of curvature by keeping the span, cross sectional shape and material properties constant. The parametric investigations performed on curved box girders helps to evaluate the effects of change in radius of curvature on the behaviour of the box girders. This study would help the bridge engineers to better understand the behaviour of straight and curved box girder bridges. The results obtained from this study will be a valuable guidance to the bridge designers.

Full-Scale Application of Stochastic DLV Method for Highway Bridge Health Monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has drawn significant attention lately for public safety as well as efficient infrastructure asset management. Over three decades, numerous SHM algorithms have been developed for bridge health monitoring. Research on full-scale damage detection on in-service bridges under operational loads is challenging and limited. In this paper, a practical application of a flexibility-based damage detection algorithm, the stochastic damage locating vector (SDLV) method, is developed and implemented for full-scale health monitoring of an in-service highway bridge. The test bed is a curved box-girder bridge in Connecticut. Based on long-term acceleration and temperature data measured for 5 years, statistical modal analysis has been conducted. During the measurement period, a permanent tilt was reported possibly by expansion joint misalignment due to permanent tilts of the pier. Potential damage locations are determined using the SDLV method with a sparse array of sensors before and after the permanent tilt event.

Load distribution for composite steel–concrete horizontally curved box girder bridge

A comprehensive numerical investigation is carried out to assess the load distribution mechanism of horizontally curved steel–concrete composite box girder bridges when subjected to loading recommended by Australian Bridge Design Code and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). In this investigation, the effect of various parameters such as curvature ratio, span length, number of loading lanes and number of cells is considered. In addition, a convergence study is carried out to identify the appropriate bracing system so as to retain the maximum torsional rigidity of these structures. The numerical model is first validated with actual test results so that they can be adopted for an extensive parametric study with good confidence. The results obtained from the parametric study are used to determine load distribution factors for moment and shear of horizontally curved box girder bridges. It is observed that these load distribution factors according to AASHTO loads are considerably higher than those obtained from the loading recommended by Australian Bridge Design Code. Hence, it is not reasonable to use load distribution factor based on AASHTO loading guidelines for the design of these curved bridges subjected to Australian Bridge Design loading.

Temperature field of PC box girder bridge based on GPRS temperature collection system

In order to study the temperature distribution and the corresponding temperature effects on pre-stressed concrete (PC) curved box girder bridge in Shandong Province, this paper builds and adopts an automatic remote real-time temperature collection system to collect temperature data on site, and further uses the software ANSYS for analysis. Based on the comparisons between the measured data and the simulation results, the following conclusions can be drawn: ➀ Our temperature monitoring system is reliable; ➁ The corresponding measured data of the web plate and flange plate exposed to the sun, vary more severely than that at other positions, so these plates need higher standard design and construction requirements; ➂ In the cold wave where still is sunshine, the box girder temperature effect behaves as sine-like curve.

Evaluation of Characteristics on Negative Reactions of Simply Supported Curved Box Girder Bridges with Elastomeric Bearings

평면내 곡선교량은 편심하중뿐만 아니라 자중만으로도 비틀림하중을 받게 되고, 이는 지점부 부반력 발생의 원인이 된다. 본 논문에서는 경간장 48.8m를 가지는 단경간 곡선강박스 거더교량에 대해 내부곡률각도를 0.49∼1.35rad으로 조정하면서 곡률효과에 따라 지점에서 발생하는 수직반력을 분석하였다. 부반력 발생가능성을 고려하여 반력 크기 및 방향을 예측하기 위해 곡선교량 상부구조를 각 독립된 요소로 분리하여 반력산정식을 해석적으로 개발하였다. 콘크리트 바닥판 및 강재 하부플랜지는 각각 면의 차원을 가지는 기학학적 환형섹터로, 수평면내에서 폭이 좁게 투영되어 나타나는 상부플랜지 및 복부판은 선의 차원을 가지는 기하학적 호로 가정되었다. 제안된 반력산정식의 형식은 비교적 단순하고 그 예측값은 유한요소해석으로 얻은 값과 비교하였을 때 오차가 1% 수준으로 잘 일치하였다. Horizontally curved bridges are subjected to torsional loads by their vertical dead loads only as well as eccentric loads, which cause negative reactions at supports. In this paper, effects of bridge curvature on vertical reactions at supports are investigated for 48.8 m length simple span steel box girder bridges with elastomeric bearings by varying curvature angle from 0.49 to 1.35 rad. In order to expect magnitude and direction of reactions including possibility of negative reactions, reaction evaluation equations have been analytically developed by separating a superstructure of curved bridge into independent components. Concrete slabs and bottom flanges in steel box section are assumed geometrical annular sectors in area dimension, and top flanges and webs that have very narrow projected areas are assumed geometrical arcs in line dimension. Proposed equations have relatively simple forms and prediction values are on very good agreement with those from finite element analyses by difference of 1% order.

Experimental Study on Three-Span Continuous Wide Curved Box Girder Bridge Model

This paper simulates the practical engineering, using plexiglass to make a three-span continuous wide curved box girder model by the geometry scale ratio 1:30. With the model load test, measured the strain and deflection of the control cross-sections, got the distribution about the stress and deflection of the wide curved continuous box girder; And we proposed the “uniformity coefficient” to express the uneven force of the curved bridge. Compared the finite element analysis results and experimental data, the results show both are in good agreement.

Dynamic Analysis of Curved Box Girder Bridges

Dynamic Analysis of Curved Box Girder Bridges Dr. Ayad A. Abdul Razzak Zeena A. Mohammad Assistant Professor Assistant Lecturer Mosul University/ Civil Engineering Department Abstract A higher order finite strip formulation based on the auxiliary nodal line (A.N.L.) technique for a dynamic analysis of curved box-girder bridges is presented. Newmark’s equations of numerical integration have been applied depending on the values of the coefficients ( , ), and adopted in the current study with a value equal to (0.5, 0.25) of a curved box girder bridge with simple support and exposed to the traffic of the moving vehicles represented by the system of the moving force. Where the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the bridge is neglected. The study has also required the application of Newmark’s method to find out the dynamic response values represented by (deflections, dynamic amplification factor, Impact factor) to solve the issues related to the bridge loaded by moving vehicles model. Each system is composed of a suspended mass joined with a damper and a spring of stiffness in addition to the unsuspended mass. Keywords: Curved Box Girder Bridges, Dynamic Analysis, Finite Strip. التحليل الديناميكي للجسور الصندوقية المنحنية الدكتور أياد امجد عبد الرزاق زينة عادل محمد أستاذ مساعد مدرس مساعد جامعة الموصل /قسم الهندسة المدنية الخلاصة طبقت طريقة الشريحة المحددة ذات النسق العالي مع تقنية الخط العقدي المساعد لإجراء التحليل الديناميكي التي ) , ( لجسور صندوقية منحنية. واستخدمت طريقة )نيومارك( للتكامل العددي بالاعتماد على قيم المعاملات 5( لج س ر ص ن د و ق ي م ن ح ن بسيط الإسناد المعرضة لمرور .. اعتمدت عليها الدراسة الحالية بقيمة مساوية ل) 5.0 و 0 المركبات المتحركة والمتمثلة بنظام القوة المتحركة ويتم بإهمال الاقتران الديناميكي بين المركبة والجسر. كما تطلبت الدراسة تطبيق طريقة )نيومارك( لإيجاد قيم الاستجابة الديناميكية المتمثلة ب)الإزاحات، عامل التكبير الديناميكي، عامل الصدمة( لحل المسائل المتعلقة بالجسور المحملة بالمركبات المتمثلة بنظام الكتلة المعلقة الذي يأخذ الاقتران الديناميكي بنظر الاعتبار إذ تتألف ك ل م ن ظ و م ة م ن ك ت لة م ع لق ة م ر ت ب ط ة ب م خ م د و ب ن اب ض ج س اء ة ف ض لا ع ن ا لك ت لة غ ي ر ا لم ع لق ة . الكلمات الدالة: الجسور الصندوقية المنحنية، التحليل الديناميكي ، الشريحة المحددة ذات النسق العالي.