Curtailment Of Expenditure Research Articles

Perspective of parents and students towards online learning as a sustainable platform for future learning

Emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has created a need to shift the education and learning from regular classroom teaching to online technology-based learning. Without the adoption of this mode, education would not be accessible to students during this period. This mode of learning has its own pros and cons from the point of view of parents and students both. Delivery and conduction of classes through online mode is a challenge for both students and parents. The purpose of this study was to conduct an online survey regarding parents and student’s perception and experience towards online learning as a medium of education for future. The sample was divided into two parts consisting of 100 students from schools, undergraduate and post graduate level comprising of 64% males and 36% females and 100 parents comprising 50% males and 50% females. Online survey method was used for the purpose of data collection. The findings show that the Online learning has ease down the financial burden on parents in some areas such as the students are not required to avail transport facilities, uniform is also not mandatory while taking online classes, curtailment of expenditure on canteens etc.

Hydrological and Biological Studies of Loch Sween

IT is now many years since I directed the attention of zoologists to the excellent facilities for marine biological research afforded by Loch Sween on the coast of Argyle. In the years before 1914 it provided a delightful centre for the activities of Glasgow students of zoology during their Easter vacation. During the early post–war years Government approval was actually obtained for the conversion of one of the hospital barges used on the rivers and canals of France and Flanders into a floating laboratory, to be used as tender to the Millport Marine Station and moored for periods in Loch Sween and other west coast lochs. These plans had, unhappily, to be cancelled when economic pressure brought about the curtailment of expenditure on scientific research during the lean post–war years.

Public Health in British Colonies in 1932

THE fourth Supplement to the Tropical Diseases Bulletin, December, 1934, contains summaries by Dr. Harold Scott of medical and sanitary reports relating to the year 1932 from British colonies, protectorates, and dependencies. The summaries give for each country the year's record of vital statistics, maternity and child welfare work, school hygiene, general sanitation, housing and town planning, etc., followed by particulars of the tropical diseases occurring in them, and the measures taken locally to combat them. The records show, on the whole, that in spite of retrenchments of medical staffs and curtailment of expenditure on public health services, the general health of the English communities has been well maintained, and no appreciable increase of sickness has occurred in the native communities. Retrenchment has had the effect of bringing to the fore the question of the local training of natives for medical duties. In the Gold Coast, a scheme for the training of nurse-dispensers has been instituted, and elsewhere medical schools exist where native practitioners have been successfully trained.

The Child

The year 1932 saw better organization of relief resources and greatly increased expenditures-78 per cent in 1932 over 1931 for 124 cities. The plight of large numbers of homeless minors has become serious. Although the general trend of the infant mortality rate has continued downward, impairment of the health of many children through malnutrition is indicated. While total numbers show decline in juvenile delinquency, analysis of offenses suggests that conduct problem have become more serious. Child labor on the whole has shown a decrease for 1931; figures for 1932 are not yet available. Few legislative measures were passed during 1932 relating to other subject of social welfare than relief of unemployment and curtailment of expenditures.