Primary School Curriculum Research Articles

Piaget's Theory in Mathematics Education in Elementary School

Since the passing of Law No. 2 of 1989, the landscape of education in Indonesia should be distinguished by the consistency of its system, thus by a series of adjustments. Some possible adjustments to the primary school curriculum to the high school level include (1) imbalances in the effective learning offered. This is supported by the fact that, since the implementation of the national exam (in elementary schools), the field of mathematics studies has one of the lowest average values among national exam subjects. (2) The ongoing curriculum's requirements not fit with students intellectual development. This study will employ theory of learning based on Piaget's intellectual development from a variety of learning theories based on cognitive theory. According to Piaget's hypothesis, a child's development progresses over the course of 4 sequential phases, consisting :(1) Sensory motor period (ages 0 to 2 years), (2) per-operational period (ages 2 to 7 years), (3) concrete operational period (ages 7 to 11 years), and (4) formal operational period (ages 11 and onwards).The purpose of this research is to determine the level of effectiveness in teaching geometry unit math based on the conservation aspects of Piaget's theory. These goals can be summarized as follows: 1) Determining the amount of efficacy in teaching geometry unit math using Piaget's theory's conservation components;2) Identifying differences in the influence of age (9, 10, and 11) on receiving geometry unit math teachings based on the conservative aspects of Piaget's theory. To accomplish the study's objectives, the research utilized a per-experimental research design, particularly a pre-test-post-test design with one group. The results indicated that the learning accomplishment of geometry unit math based on the conservation aspects of Piaget's theory did not vary by age (9, 10, or 11 years). The study's findings indicate that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 10 on math learning achievement, (2.2) that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 11 on math learning achievement, (2.3) there is no interaction effect between the ages of 10 and 11 on math learning achievement, and (2.4) that there is no interaction effect between the ages of 9 and 10 on math learning achievement. Keywords: Mathematics, elementary school.

Mathematics in a Japanese overseas school: Connecting classroom study and curriculum

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the contents related to the arithmetic of fractions, as described in the official curriculum issued by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), are implemented in actual teaching at the so-called Japanese supplementary school in Denmark. Additionally, at a methodological level, this case study demonstrates how so-called praxeological reference models can be developed at different levels of detail to describe classroom teaching at a particular grade level and the overall curriculum of primary school in a connected way. This study is based on the notions of praxeological reference models and moments of didactic processes from the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic. The findings reveal that (1) not much time is allocated to each moment and (2) the flow of gradually building up techniques, as intended by the textbook authors is to some extent disrupted in the lesson.

Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes and Views toward STEM Education

To produce ideas, products, and industries for the 21st-century scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians are needed. It is necessary to increase the number of people who provide technical support to the problems of individuals, set a standard for the lives of the people of the world, and manage global or national life with a sustainable decision-making mechanism. Raising these individuals can only be possible through education. Countries trying to make themselves technologically aware are looking for modern methods of teaching, one of which is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This research aimed to determine the attitude of primary school teachers toward the STEM approach and to find out their views on the STEM approach in the primary school curriculum. Students encounter the STEM approach while they are in primary school. However, all primary school teachers do not teach only science and math; they also teach other courses such as social sciences, language, ethics, music, and art. Therefore, teacher orientation toward the STEM approach in science and math courses is crucial. This research was concurrent mixed-method research that collected quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. The STEM attitude scale was used as a quantitative data collection tool and qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive and content analyses. The study’s most important results showed no significant difference between STEM attitude scores regarding technology familiarity. Another significant result was that teachers who participated in quantitative and qualitative studies scored above average on the STEM attitude scale. The research results imply that pre-service primary school teachers should be given the STEM approach.

Financial Literacy of Customers of the Selected Slovak Bank as a Basis for Managerial Decision-Making

Abstract Research purpose. The main goal of the article is to determine the current level of financial literacy among clients of the selected bank in Slovakia. This finding will be compared with the average level in the country. In the survey, we focused on determining their financial literacy level. Currently, a lot of attention is paid to the issue of financial literacy. In connection with financial literacy, a lot is said about education. Therefore, in the paper, we focused on finding out the relationship between financial literacy and the level of education as such. We also compared the financial literacy of the survey sample with the overall financial literacy in Slovakia. Design / Methodology / Approach. For the purposes of this article, an anonymous online questionnaire survey focused on the financial literacy of customers of the selected bank was conducted. By analysing theoretical knowledge and existing surveys, we established hypotheses, which we subsequently verified statistically. When analysing theoretical knowledge and surveys in the Slovak Republic, we found that there is a large number of surveys focused on financial literacy. The output and support of each of them are primarily focused on increasing financial literacy through education. We, therefore, assumed, given that financial literacy has been in the curriculum of primary and secondary schools for several years, that financial literacy is related to the availability of goods. We also assumed that financial literacy in the Slovak Republic is increasing. To verify the hypothesis, we used two statistical methods - the Chi-Square test and the Mean Congruence Test. The reason for choosing customers of a specific bank for the purposes of our survey was the number of respondents' answers. We managed to collect the most answers for the bank mentioned. Findings. Through the selected statistical method, we found that in our survey, the number of correct answers is not affected by the level of education. It was also interesting to find that the level of financial literacy of the selected region in 2022 is not higher than the overall level of financial literacy of the Slovak Republic determined on the basis of a survey from 2012. Originality / Value / Practical implications. The proposals and recommendations that emerged from the survey relate to increasing the financial literacy of customers of the selected bank. We focused our recommendations on education and conducting surveys, both for customers and for the bank's management. The bank can use these recommendations as a basis for managerial decisions. It is necessary to increase the financial literacy of customers. It is also necessary to support the field of marketing, especially communication with customers. It is only up to the management of the bank to decide which customers it will have and how it will retain or expand them.

Application Research and Prospect of 3D Modeling, Printing Medical Course Teaching Aids

Background: The application of 3D printing technology in the field of education is mainly concentrated on the curriculum of primary and secondary schools and clinical PBL teaching, while the application of 3D printing technology as a teaching auxiliary means in higher medical education is less. Methods: The objective of this work is to demonstrate the use of 3D printing teaching aids to improve students' learning outcomes and guide more students to participate in learning 3D printing or biological 3D printing research. Based on 3D printing technology, data were collected through a network questionnaire to analyze the demand of medical students in Colleges and Universities in this paper for 3D printing teaching aids. Through the demand for 3D printing teaching aids, we have offered 3D courses and encouraged students to actively participate in model design. Results: Students can print some models using a 3D printer based on their knowledge and personal interests. It is found that universities can use virtual 3D printing technology to make up for the current shortage of 3D printers and high material consumption. Conclusion: 3D printing technology can also help biomedical engineering students better combine clinical knowledge to achieve better results. In addition, this study also analyzed the limitations of 3D printing development in China.

Analysis of the Impact of the Merdeka Curriculum Policy on Stakeholders at Primary School

The 2022 Merdeka curriculum for primary schools is a policy of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia for implementation for the 2022–2023 school year. This policy analysis aimed to thoroughly criticize the policy aspects of the 2022 Merdeka primary school curriculum for obtaining a prescription for the future. The method of policy analysis in the form of narrative discussion was used to obtain adequate prescriptive results. The results obtained from this policy analysis showed that changes in the Merdeka curriculum in 2022 for primary schools would be incremental. Changing the curriculum followed the innovation process so that innovation attributes were met. The 2022 Merdeka curriculum for primary schools was to restore the regressed learning quality and prepare for the golden generation of 2045. The Character Education Strengthening Program and the Pancasila Student Profile Program demonstrate that ethics education is critical to the golden generation's success.

Admission Olympics: the emerging tutoring market for kindergarten applicants

ABSTRACT This paper presents empirical evidence on kindergarten admission preparation services in Hong Kong. Parents increasingly turn to tutoring companies for a range of services, such as social skills training, portfolio editing, mock interviews, and parental consultation. We used qualitative methods to capture the views of parents, teachers, tutors, and early childhood educators (n = 78), to contribute to the lack of literature on this topic. Our findings indicate a market-driven ecosystem of education that favours commercial interests, widens educational inequalities, and is perpetuated by factors such as privatisation of the early childhood sector and misalignment between kindergarten and primary school curricula. Parents consider choice of school, future aspirations, and perceived hierarchies among kindergartens as major considerations for seeking admission preparation services. Heightened admission competition is also present in pre-nurseries and playgroups, calling for increased attention to be paid to the level of competition imposed among children.

Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan

Abstract Sex education for children does not imply that children are responsible for their own safety, but rather that children should be provided with protective, effective, and interactive education that builds resilience and reduces their vulnerability to sexual harm. As a result, it is critical to provide a secure atmosphere for children at school, where they spend the majority of their time. Sex education curriculum for the prevention of child sexual abuse will seek to give children the knowledge and skills needed to recognize and prevent probable sexual abuse scenarios. The primary school sex education curriculum will be founded on the ideology of empowering children and the concept that care is an integral aspect of child care and protection. The Ministry of Education should determine the need for sex education in primary schools to prevent sexual abuse of children, support it, and include it in the curriculum. This curriculum’s purpose should be to build and maintain a proactive environment that protects children by preventing sexual abuse or assuring early detection, intervention, and reporting.

Development and Content Validation of the Swimming Competence Assessment Scale (SCAS): A Modified Delphi Study.

The purpose of this study was to design and develop the Swimming Competence Assessment Scale (SCAS) to measure children's aquatic skills as they align with the physical education curriculum for Norwegian primary schools. We conducted a three-round modified Delphi study involving 22 national experts in the aquatic profession. Experts reached consensus on scale items within an observation form and coding sheet based on a swimming proficiency test for measuring six aquatic skills: water entry, frontstroke swimming, surface dive, float/rest, backstroke swimming and water exit. Independent experts obtained high agreement (scale level: 88%, item level: 80-93%) on the relevance, representativeness, and clarity of the scale. Current results suggest that the SCAS is a valid instrument for researchers and practitioners to observe and record children's aquatic proficiency for the purpose of screening and developing aquatic education.

Value acquisition of school pupils’ after a Christian Religious Studies based intervention (teacher-led digital story telling strategy) in Lagos State, Nigeria

The basis for the inclusion of Christian Religious Studies (CRS) into the primary school curriculum in Nigeria was particular to the learning of morals and the development of societally acceptable values and attitudes. Presently, Nigeria is experiencing a high level of social vices, immoralities and an unprecedented amount of anti-social behaviours among youths. Of course, the considerable amount of problems generated by the increasing immoralities among primary school pupils of Lagos State was attributed to effectiveness in the teaching methodologies used for teaching and learning of CRS. Contemporarily, the use of computer-based technologies and digital tools for classroom teaching and learning proved to be effective because it engages primary school pupils. This study focused on the use of digital storytelling in the teaching and learning of CRS in Lagos State primary schools. The research was carried out to study the attitudes of primary school pupils toward CRS after the use of the “Teacher-Led Digital Storytelling Strategy” (TLDSS). Data obtained from the intervention revealed that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS had the highest adjusted post-value acquisition mean score in CRS of 53.86. Again, there were observations from the study that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS were significantly different from those exposed to conventional strategies (CS) in the teaching and learning of CRS in terms of value acquisition. The findings showed the effectiveness of the use of TLDSS for primary school pupils of Lagos State because TLDSS enhances primary school pupils’ acquisition of values, achievement and development of positive attitude to CRS.

Value acquisition of school pupils’ after a Christian Religious Studies based intervention (teacher-led digital story telling strategy) in Lagos State, Nigeria

The basis for the inclusion of Christian Religious Studies (CRS) into the primary school curriculum in Nigeria was particular to the learning of morals and the development of societally acceptable values and attitudes. Presently, Nigeria is experiencing a high level of social vices, immoralities and an unprecedented amount of anti-social behaviours among youths. Of course, the considerable amount of problems generated by the increasing immoralities among primary school pupils of Lagos State was attributed to effectiveness in the teaching methodologies used for teaching and learning of CRS. Contemporarily, the use of computer-based technologies and digital tools for classroom teaching and learning proved to be effective because it engages primary school pupils. This study focused on the use of digital storytelling in the teaching and learning of CRS in Lagos State primary schools. The research was carried out to study the attitudes of primary school pupils toward CRS after the use of the “Teacher-Led Digital Storytelling Strategy” (TLDSS). Data obtained from the intervention revealed that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS had the highest adjusted post-value acquisition mean score in CRS of 53.86. Again, there were observations from the study that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS were significantly different from those exposed to conventional strategies (CS) in the teaching and learning of CRS in terms of value acquisition. The findings showed the effectiveness of the use of TLDSS for primary school pupils of Lagos State because TLDSS enhances primary school pupils’ acquisition of values, achievement and development of positive attitude to CRS.

Analysis of the new and previous biology curriculum for primary schools in the Republic of Serbia

Analysis of the new and previous biology curriculum for primary schools in the Republic of Serbia

A survey on the current situation of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools and suggestions for countermeasures

The construction of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools is a necessary measure to promote the comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor. School education is the main channel for achieving the goal of aesthetic education. However, a survey of middle and primary school teachers from 26 provinces and cities in China reveals that there are still many important problems in the implementation of aesthetic education, including unclear content and value of aesthetic education, lack of content in aesthetic education curriculum, single organizational form, outdated methods, and inadequate supervision system for aesthetic education curriculum, and so on. This research proposes strategies for improvement based on the current situation of aesthetic education curriculum in middle and primary schools

Determining the Impact of Lifestyle on the Health of Primary School Children in Slovenia Through Mixed Membership Focus Groups

Lifestyle choices made by children and adolescents can lead to a variety of health problems. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the state health-related lifestyles of primary school children’s and identify areas for improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of those involved in educating current generations of primary school children about their lifestyle and the associated health implications of their behavior. Four focus groups were formed, comprising parents, primary school teachers, health professionals, and leisure activity teachers, with five participants in each group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each group as part of the qualitative research paradigm of the study. The study revealed three central themes, emphasizing the need to promote health and educate children about healthy behaviors, environmental influences, and health literacy. Community nurses need to take a proactive role in promoting school health. Although adults, peers, and the environment exert a strong influence on children’s lifestyles, they often fail to live up to their responsibilities and allow harmful habits to form. To instill positive behaviors and an optimistic attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, all those involved in a child’s education need to collaborate. Health-related topics should be included or reinforced in primary school curricula, and parents and school staff should receive appropriate training.

Examining Primary School Curriculum from the Perspective of Classroom Education: The Case of 2015-2018

Examining Primary School Curriculum from the Perspective of Classroom Education: The Case of 2015-2018

Analisis Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka Melalui Implementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar

Implementing the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project as a focus in the Merdeka Curriculum has yet to be fully implemented. The study aims to analyze the policy of the Merdeka Curriculum by implementing the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project in elementary schools. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to describe various phenomena and events. The research subjects were taken from 34 students in class IV and three informants, consisting of the head of the school and 2 class teachers who have already implemented the Merdeka Curriculum in primary schools. Research data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation is described. The findings showed that the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project through the theme of entrepreneurship could help students to develop the competence and character of the Pancasila Student Profile, namely faith, piety to God Almighty, and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creative. Thus, the Pancasila Student Profiles Strengthening Project is a project-based co-curricular activity designed to strengthen student competence and character under the Pancasila Student Profile in the Merdeka Curriculum.

From Past to Present: The Position of Ancient History in Primary School History Teaching After the 2019 Croatian Education Reform

The paper analyzes the position of ancient history in primary school history teaching. Three program documents for history teaching, The Syllabus for Primary Schools from 2006, History Curriculum Proposal from 2016, and History Curriculum for Primary Schools and Gymnasiums from 2019, are compared and analyzed with respect to the prescribed teaching contents related to ancient history. The paper also analyzes history textbooks before and after the 2019 reform, comparing textbook topics and the number of pages dedicated to ancient history, as well as the relationship between the histories of the Ancient East and Egypt, ancient Greece, and ancient Rome.

Design-Based Natural Disaster Education Practices for Primary School Teachers

The goal of this study was to uncover primary teachers' perspectives on the use of design-based activities in disaster education and to thoroughly examine the plans. The study is designed as a case study. The participants were chosen using the purposeful sampling method. The study included 24 primary school teachers (12 male and 12 female) from various regions of the country. The data collection tools were group-prepared lesson plans and follow-up focus group interviews, which aimed to reveal their experiences and opinions on the lesson plan design process. The data was analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings revealed that the use of design-based activities in primary school, the importance of disaster education in the primary school curriculum, and the importance of disaster education awareness at the primary school level were all highlighted. The primary school teachers' lesson plans were examined, and the themes of drawing attention, design, material, career connections, and assessment-evaluation emerged. The significance of using design-based activities in primary schools, as well as the pedagogical benefits of using design-based activities in disaster education, was emphasized. Despite their abstract nature, natural disasters can be made more understandable through design-based education, particularly for primary school students who are in the concrete operational stage and have limited experience.

ASSESSMENT OF RURAL AREA FOOD CONSUMPTION STATUS IN THE NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY OF MALAYSIA

Food consumption is one of the most important components in ensuring household food security. However, there are practices and beliefs that some foods are detrimental to health among low-income people, which affects food consumption in the household. This situation is directly related to nutrition policy. This study aims to investigate the food consumption households in the rural areas of Kedah State, to fulfill the national nutrition policy of Malaysia. The study centers on rural Kedah State, specifically the municipalities of Kubang Pasu, Baling, Pendang, Alor Setar, and Kuala Muda. The technique of stratified random sampling was used to choose 225 rice growers from the rural regions of the chosen districts. SPSS 25 and food intake results scores were used to analyze the information. The results of the reading revealed that food consumption among farmers was low with a value of less than 29.9. Almost the total food intake for each food category is low except for beverages that have a high value of above 80. The study also found that this group believes that some foods have an impact on health. The study suggests that the government should sensitize the rural population in particular to eat balanced foods. At the same time, the restructuring of the primary school curriculum and syllabus needs to be holistic so that awareness of nourishment and fitness can be raised in early childhood education.

FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY AMONG FARMERS IN RURAL AREA KEDAH, MALAYSIA

Food consumption is one of the most important components in ensuring household food security. However, there are practices and beliefs that some foods are detrimental to health among low-income people, which affects food consumption in the household. The goal of this research is to look into the eating habits of farmers in the countryside of Kedah State, Malaysian. Agricultural Kedah State, including the districts of Kubang Pasu, Baling, Delay or prevent, Alor Setar, and Kuala Muda, is the focus of this research. Utilizing stratified random sampling, 225 rice growers from the rural areas of the chosen districts were chosen. Utilizing SPSS 25 and the findings of the food intake analysis, the information was analyzed. The results of the study revealed that food consumption among farmers was low with a value of less than 29.9. Almost the total food intake for each food category is low except for beverages that have a high value of above 80. The study also found that this group believes that some foods have an impact on health. The study suggests that the government should sensitize the rural population in particular to eat balanced foods. At the same time, the restructuring of the primary school curriculum and syllabus needs to be holistic so that awareness of nutrition and health can be raised in early childhood education.