XML has become one of the general data exchange formats in the current Web application programs, with a wide range of applications in e-commerce, e-books, mobile communications and other fields. XML data storage technology is the key technology for XML applications, and an effective XML data storage, retrieval and management mechanism is a strong driving force for the development of XML. At present, XML data storage technology is generally divided into two categories, which are storage technologies based on a file system and based on a database. In this paper, the technical characteristics of the two XML document storage modes have been discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages have also been analyzed and compared.