Current Update Research Articles

Current update and future applications of bone metastasis imaging: what's next?

Current update and future applications of bone metastasis imaging: what's next?

AmpC β-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae - A Mini Review

Beta-lactamases are enzymes that confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria produces these enzymes. There are about 3000 enzymes that initially emerged from bacteria found in the environment to protect themselves from the natural β-lactam. After the 1980s, many transmissible enzymes were detected periodically, resistant to cephalosporins, monobactam, and carbapenems. These enzymes were classified based on function and molecular structure. Among them AmpC β-lactamases were found to be resistant to β-lactams and β-lactamases inhibitors. They are class C cephalosporinases that confer resistance to the first, second, third generation cephalosporins and cephamycin, and also resistance to beta-lactamases inhibitors such as sulbactam, tazobactam, and clavulanic acid. Family Enterobacteriaceae comprises many organisms that cause community and nosocomial infections, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella species. Beta-lactamases are produced by Enterobacteriaceae, where AmpC beta-lactamases are found to be one of the mechanisms. Different types of AmpC beta-lactamases: mutation/attenuation in the chromosome, induced plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases. Some Enterobacteriaceae, like Enterobacter, carry it on their chromosome, and some other Enterobacteriaceae has plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases. This type of resistance has led to increased mortality and morbidity. It is challenging to detect these AmpC beta-lactamases in diagnostic settings. Still, the detection of AmpC β- lactamases is cumbersome, and no approved methods are found in CLSI guidelines. But the prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamases has increased drastically in Asia. The review aims to give an overview of AmpC β-lactamases. The objective of this review is to review the evolution, types, detection methods, recent world epidemiology, treatment options, and current updates of the AmpC beta-lactamases.

Biorefining of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids from microbial sources: current updates and prospects

Biorefining of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids from microbial sources: current updates and prospects

UniTmp: unified resources for transmembrane proteins.

The UNIfied database of TransMembrane Proteins (UniTmp) is a comprehensive and freely accessible resource of transmembrane protein structural information at different levels, from localization of protein segments, through the topology of the protein to the membrane-embedded 3D structure. We not only annotated tens of thousands of new structures and experiments, but we also developed a new system that can serve these resources in parallel. UniTmp is a unified platform that merges TOPDB (Topology Data Bank of Transmembrane Proteins), TOPDOM (database of conservatively located domains and motifs in proteins), PDBTM (Protein Data Bank of Transmembrane Proteins)and HTP (Human Transmembrane Proteome) databases and provides interoperability between the incorporated resources and an easy way to keep them regularly updated. The current update contains 9235 membrane-embedded structures, 9088 sequences with 536035 topology-annotated segmentsand 8692 conservatively localized protein domains or motifs as well as 5466 annotated human transmembrane proteins. The UniTmp database can be accessed at https://www.unitmp.org.

BUDAYA ORGANISASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME PEMBELAJARAN GURU DI SEKOLAH

The aim of this research is to describe organizational culture in improving the professionalism of teacher learning in schools. The approach used in this research is qualitative, with a case study research design. The selection of informants was carried out using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Research data collection procedures were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. After the data is collected, analysis is then carried out using an interactive pattern which includes: data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results obtained have shown that organizational culture in improving the professionalism of teacher learning in schools is good by implementing: (a) a culture of discipline for teachers and students; (b) a culture of technological literacy and strengthening teachers' abilities through supervision of learning and providing follow-up through in-house training as an effort to develop the competence and learning capacity of teachers in schools. Apart from that, challenges in increasing the professionalism of teacher learning in schools include: (a) limited ability of teachers to adapt to current curriculum updates; (b) lack of teacher enthusiasm and commitment, especially for teachers who are approaching retirement (after service); and (c) there are still teachers who maintain the habit of using learning methods using lecture techniques throughout the lesson.

IRP AND RENT, CAPITAL GAINS FROM PROPERTY LEASE

This research work aims to demonstrate whether taxpayers comply with the tax formalities in the specific case, personal income tax, income category, capital gain from property lease, since it is important for taxpayers to know on the new current updates of the new tax reform law 6380/19 since it is important to know this data to improve formality and therefore seek solutions to the problems of our country. The approach used was quantitative, statistical data was obtained with more exact results, a descriptive investigation was planned, through closed surveys to know exactly what the real situation is in the formal field, resulting in a majority unaware of the new updates of the current regulations. It is important to note that most of the taxpayers of this tax obligation are not aware of or updated on the new tax reform, as there are also taxpayers with little interest in learning about it.

A Place-Based Conceptual Model (PBCM) of Neotricula aperta/Schistosoma mekongi habitat before and after dam construction in the Lower Mekong River.

In 1971, scientists from Mahidol University in Thailand and the Smithsonian Institution in the USA formed a research team to study a new species of Schistosoma in the Mekong River in Thailand and Laos. The studies, completed during 1971-1973, prior to the construction of any dams or restrictions to the natural flow regime of the Mekong River, provide a unique description of the natural ecological state of the river that can serve as a baseline for current research. The natural transmission of Schistosoma japonicum, Mekong Strain, was first reported on Khong Island, Laos in 1973 using sentinel mice. The first detailed description of the habitat ecology of the snail vector Neotricula aperta was done on-site in 1971 simultaneously with that research and is unique in providing the only description of the river shoreline habitat before any dams were built and any alteration of the natural flow regime was in place. Aggregating current information in a Place-Based Conceptual Model (PBCM) as an organizing template, along with current habitat models that combine ecological data with e-flows, can be developed and used as a tool to predict suitable habitats for snails. The natural flow regime of the Mekong River prior to any impoundments is described with current updates on the potential impacts of climate change and dams with flow-related snail habitat characteristics, including sediment drift and water quality. The application of the PBCM to describe and compare descriptive information on current and potential future N. aperta/S. mekongi habitat is discussed.

Prevalence of tree nut allergy in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) published the first systematic review that summarized the prevalence of food allergy (FA) and food sensitization in Europe for studies published 2000-2012. However, only summary estimates for tree nut allergy (TNA) were feasible in that work. In the current update of that systematic review, we summarized the prevalence of tree nut allergy/sensitization to individual tree nuts. Six databases were searched for relevant papers published 2012-2021 and 17 eligible studies were added to the 15 studies already identified between 2000 and 2012, giving a total of 32 studies. Of the investigated tree nuts, meta-analysis was possible for hazelnut, walnut, almond, and in few cases, for cashew, and Brazil nut. The lifetime self-reported prevalence was 0.8% (95% CI 0.5-1.1) for hazelnut and 0.4% (0.2-0.9) for walnut. The point self-reported prevalence was 4.0% (2.9-5.2) for hazelnut, 3.4% (2.0-4.9) for Brazil nut, 2.0% (1.1-2.9) for almond, and 1.8% (1.1-2.5) for walnut. Point prevalence of food challenge-confirmed TNA was 0.04% (0.0-0.1) for hazelnut and 0.02% (0.01-0.1) for walnut. Due to paucity of data, we could not identify any meaningful and consistent differences across age groups and European regions.

Suicide Screening and Disclosure: Current Update on Predictive Validity

Suicide Screening and Disclosure: Current Update on Predictive Validity

Current updates in HCC screening and treatment.

Current updates in HCC screening and treatment.

Machine Learning-Based Detection of Phishing in COVID-19 Theme-Related Emails and Web Links

During the COVID-19 epidemic phishing dodges increased in frequency mostly the links provided current updates about COVID-19 hence it became easy to trick the victims. Many research studies suggest several solutions to prevent those attacks but still phishing assaults upsurge. There is no only way to perform phishing attacks through web links attackers also perform attacks through electronic mail. This study aims to propose an Effective Model using Ensemble Classifiers to predict phishing using COVID-19-themed emails and Web Links. Our study comprises two types of Datasets. Dataset 1 for web links and Dataset 2 for email. Dataset 1 contains a textual dataset while Dataset 2 contains images that were downloaded from different sources. We select ensemble classifiers including, Random Forest (RF), Ada Boost, Bagging, ExtraTree (ET), and Gradient Boosting (GB). During the analysis, we observed that Dataset 1 achieves the highest accuracy rate as compared to Dataset 2 which is 88.91%. The ET classifier performs with an accuracy rate of 88.91%, a precision rate of 89%, a recall rate of 89%, and an f1 score of 89% which is better as compared to other classifiers over both datasets. Interesting concepts were found during the study.

The Role of Digital Design in Preserving the Integrity of the Natural Heritage

Natural heritage refers to fundamental elements such as biodiversity and natural resources. With the increasing threat of climate change, the development of infrastructure, and the deterioration of the environment, a growing need exists to protect the integrity of the world’s natural heritage. Digital design, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and interactive displays, are technological advancements adopted by domains such as marketing and education that can offer immersive and engaging experiences that educate and inspire people to care for natural heritage. The study's objective is to explore the potential of digital design in transmitting and safeguarding natural heritage, assessing its contribution to promoting environmental consciousness. The research employs qualitative research methods to interpret digital design's role in natural heritage preservation, using empirical materials such as case studies. The secondary data collected from articles provide a descriptive analysis of digital design's role in natural heritage preservation efforts. The research investigates how digital design can create effective communication channels and promote sustainable behavior amongst the audience exposed to digital design strategies. The communication channels include extended reality platforms such as social media and other interactive forms of visual communication. This study reviews related articles and case studies and consists of a qualitative analysis. Findings begin with the past development of the digital design field, followed by current updates related to digital design and natural heritage preservation. This article contributes to the field of digital design by highlighting the growing relevance and roles of digital design concerning the protection of natural heritage.

Operative Findings of over 5000 Microvascular Decompression Surgeries for Hemifacial Spasm: Our Perspective and Current Updates.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a hyperactive cranial neuropathy, and it has been well established that the cause of primary HFS is compression on the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial-vestibulocochlear nerve complex (CN VII-VIII) by a vessel or vessels. MVD is the only curative treatment option for HFS with a high success rate and low incidence of recurrence and complications. We categorize six classical compressive patterns on the REZ as well as five challenging types. Knowledge of these patterns may help in achieving a better surgical outcome.

Modern Methods for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Classification: A Current Update

The incidence of cancer-related deaths worldwide has increased by 66% since 1960, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). A breast cancer diagnosis is predicted to occur in one in eight women in the US alone at some point in their lifetime. A BC diagnosis is typically made using high-end molecular bioimaging, ultrasound, and mammography. Unfortunately, these methods only discover BC after the fact. So there is still a need for both early and sophisticated molecular diagnostic techniques. Numerous histological and immuno-molecular studies conducted during the past ten years have shown that BC is exceedingly diverse in nature. Its cytological characteristics, growth pattern, and expression of important biomarkers in BC cells, such as hormone receptor markers, can be used to create cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment tools. Compositions, intracellular and extracellular environments, depth, shape, and structure of the cells. Currently, BC is treated with surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and focused radiation therapy. In order to determine the heterogeneity and recurrence score, which fully identifies the BC subtype at issue, a biopsied sample is next subjected to a number of multigene assays. We currently have seven prognostic multigene signature tests for BC that offer a risk profile that can spare low-risk patients from unnecessary treatments. Clinicopathological data should be integrated with genomic-imprint analysis, according to numerous comparative studies on multigene analysis. There is a good chance that current cohort studies like MINDACT, TAILORx, Trans-aTTOM, and many others will have a favourable effect on patient outcomes over the long term. This review presents a compendium of data on BC diagnoses and available therapies. The development of sophisticated biomarkers is also described.

Spanish heart transplant registry. 34th official report of the Heart Failure Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology

Introduction and objectivesThe Spanish heart transplant registry updates its data annually. The current update presents the data for the year 2022. MethodsWe describe the main clinical characteristics, treatments received, and survival outcomes including procedures performed in 2022, along with their trends since 2013. ResultsIn 2022, 311 cardiac transplants were performed, representing a 3.0% increase compared with 2021. Compared with previous years, no significant changes in demographic and clinical characteristics were observed in 2022, confirming the trends identified in the last decade. These trends indicate a decrease in urgent procedures and the use of circulatory support, particularly ventricular assist devices. In the last decade, survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 81.4% and 73.4% respectively, with a slight, nonsignificant improvement. ConclusionsIn the last decade, there has been a stabilization in the characteristics of heart transplant procedures and their outcomes.

Prophylactic Management of Women With Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period: Clinical Scenario-Based Practical Recommendations From A Group of Perinatal Psychiatry Authors.

Many women with bipolar disorder experience episodes of illness or relapses over the perinatal period, especially in the immediate postpartum period. Risks associated with treated/untreated psychopathologies and fetal exposure to bipolar medications make the management of bipolar disorder during these periods challenging for clinicians and patients. In light of the available effectiveness and reproductive safety data, the current clinical update based on the opinions of a group of international perinatal psychiatry authors recommends general considerations and specific management strategies for each possible clinical scenario, including mixed features, predominant polarity, diagnosis of subtypes of bipolar disorder, severity of previous episodes, and risk of recurrence of mood episodes.

Evaluation of the Current International Registry Update for Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus Following Up in Diabetes Clinic, Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University

Background Diabetes team should have the access for receiving continuous feedback for the health care service to help successful improvement. Health professionals need to continuously work to improve the quality of pediatric diabetes care to reduce the risk of acute and chronic complications. Objective: To evaluate the current international SWEET registry update for the children and adolescents following regularly at Pediatric and Adolescents Diabetes Unit (PADU) during a period of six months and updating the existing electronic medical record (Database) in (PADU) to provide measures to improve patients outcome regarding both acute and chronic complications. Patients and Methods The present study is a prospective follow up study performed on 385 patients with diabetes mellitus type1, with a mean age 11.79 ± 4.16 years. All patient with diabetes mellitus type1 visiting diabetes clinic (PADU) were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent. Results Patients with longer diabetes duration have significant higher insulin dose, more attacks of DKA and less attacks of hypoglycemia comparing to those with shorter duration. Patients with poor glycemic control have more attacks of DKA (62 patients vs 58 patients), (p-value=0.046), and less attacks of hypoglycemia (25 patients vs 65 patients), compared to properly controlled patients (p-value=0.000). Patients on insulin pump show significant improvement of them HbA1c (11% vs 7.3%) (p –value=0.000), cholesterol (173 mg/dl vs 139.8 mg/dl) (p- value= 0.006) and SMBG (2.7 times vs 4.6 times) (p-value= 0.000), compared to patients on multiple daily injections (MDIs). Conclusion Diabetes care is the cornerstone for proper glycemic control and prevention of long term complications. This study showed the value of a registry system to enable monitoring of patients over many years. The study could be an important step in the development of a national registry system for diabetes in Egypt.

Updates on the Immune Cell Basis of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of organ dysfunction and failure after liver surgeries including organ transplantation. The mechanism of liver IRI is complex and numerous signals are involved but cellular metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammation are considered the major contributors to liver IRI. In addition, the activation of inflammatory signals exacerbates liver IRI by recruiting macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and activating NK cells, NKT cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Technological advances enable us to understand the role of specific immune cells during liver IRI. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat liver IRI have been proposed but no definitive and effective therapies exist yet. This review summarizes the current update on the immune cell functions and discusses therapeutic potentials in liver IRI. A better understanding of this complex and highly dynamic process may allow for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches and optimize patient outcomes.

Active tuberculosis of spine: Current updates

BackgroundSpinal tuberculosis (TB) is the most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis. In both developing and developed countries, TB has been on the rising trend due to factors such as increasing HIV coinfection, multidrug resistance of the organism, and global migration. Spinal TB, which most often affects the lower thoracic and thoracolumbar area, accounts for 50% of all musculoskeletal tuberculosis. MethodsUsing the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and PubMed, a systematic computerized literature search was performed. Analyses of studies published within the past 10 years were conducted. The searches were performed using Medical Subject Headings terms, with “spinal tuberculosis,” “diagnosis,” “epidemiology,” and “etiology”,“management,” “surgery,” and “therapy” as subheadings. ResultsProgressive collapse, kyphosis, and neurological deficiency are hallmarks of the disease because of its destructive effect on the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies. The condition may be identified using laboratory testing and distinctive imaging features, but the gold standard for diagnosis is tissue diagnosis using cultures, histology, and polymerase chain reaction. Uncomplicated spinal TB is today a medical condition that can be adequately treated by multidrug ambulatory chemotherapy. Surgery is reserved for individuals who have instability, neurological impairment, and deformity correction. Debridement, deformity correction, and stable fusion are the cornerstones of surgical treatment. ConclusionsClinical results for the treatment of spinal TB are generally satisfactory when the disease is identified and treated early. However, the major health issue and the biggest obstacle in achieving the goals of the “End TB strategy” is the recent rise in the emergence of drug resistance. Hence strict vigilance and patient perseverance in the completion of the treatment is the main need of the hour.

An efficient automatic clustering algorithm for probability density functions and its applications in surface material classification

AbstractClustering is a technique used to partition a dataset into groups of similar elements. In addition to traditional clustering methods, clustering for probability density functions (CDF) has been studied to capture data uncertainty. In CDF, automatic clustering is a clever technique that can determine the number of clusters automatically. However, current automatic clustering algorithms update the new probability density function (pdf) based on the weighted mean of all previous pdfs , resulting in slow convergence. This paper proposes an efficient automatic clustering algorithm for pdfs. In the proposed approach, the update of is based on the weighted mean of , where is the number of pdfs and . This technique allows for the incorporation of recently updated pdfs, leading to faster convergence. This paper also pioneers the applications of certain CDF algorithms in the field of surface image recognition. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can result in a rapid convergence at some early iterations. It also outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art automatic clustering methods in terms of the Adjusted Rand Index and the Normalized Mutual Information. Additionally, the proposed algorithm proves to be competitive when clustering material images contaminated by noise. These results highlight the applicability of the proposed method in the problem of surface image recognition.