Current Market Status Research Articles

A REVIEW ON NOVEL APPROACHES FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF INSULIN

Objectives: A review article on novel approaches on oral insulin delivery. Data Sources: Review articles on oral insulin delivery, Books. Study selection: This review consist of importance as well as current approaches for oral insulin delivery like liposomes, nanospheres, nanocubeics, erythrocytes, thiolated chitosan tablets, chitosan microspheres etc. Summary of content article: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which arouse as a major health problem worldwide. Clinical management of insulin is done by insulin replacement therapy and current route of its administration is through subcutaneous injection having many challenges. To overcome the problems associated with insulin injections novel approaches for insulin administration are being explored. If insulin is administered orally, in the stomach rapid enzymatic degradation of insulin occurs and in the intestine insulin is digested and hence inactivated by the action of proteolytic enzymes occurs. This review consist of importance as well as current approaches for oral insulin delivery like liposomes, nanospheres , nanocubeics, erythrocytes, thiolated chitosan tablets, chitosan microspheresetc. This review also gives the information about current market status of oral insulin 5 . Conclusion: The oral route is considered to be most acceptable and convenient route of administration for chronic therapy. Attempts have been made to achieve oral insulin delivery using various systems. Liposomes, microemulsions, nanocubicles, thiolated chitosan, chitosan microspheres and so forth have been prepared for the oral delivery of insulin. Keywords: oral insulin, approaches for oral insulin delivery , current market status.

A Study on the Current Status of Japanese Online Cosmetics Market after Permitting the Parallel Import

A Study on the Current Status of Japanese Online Cosmetics Market after Permitting the Parallel Import

중국 전자상거래 시장의 최근동향 및 시사점

인터넷과 모바일 통신망 보급의 빠른 확산 속도와 더불어 중국의 전자상거래 시장은 과거 10년간 72배 성장하였다. 그러나 성장속도 대비 해당 시장의 선진화를 위한 하부구조와 관련 규정의 부재는 최근 국가 경제발전 차원에서 시급히 개선되어야할 문제로 부상하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통해 최근 급성장한 중국 전자상거래의 기반 환경 및 시장현황을 살펴보고, 현재 중국 시장에서 문제로 대두되고 있는 전자상거래상의 주요 이슈를 전자상거래 형태별로 점검하였다. 또한 중국 유통시장에서 가장 큰 문제로 지적되고 있는 전자상거래상의 물류시스템의 문제, 소비자 보호문제, R&D 투자 현황 및 고급인력 확충의 문제를 진단하고 향후 기업차원과 정부차원의 제도 및 시스템 개선을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 특히 과거 연구에서 논의되지 않았던 모바일 결제시장과 인터넷 금융시장 및 전자상거래 중국의 세제 개편내용을 제공하고 국제표준화를 위한 제도적 시사점을 도출하였다. 중국정부의 5개년 전자상거래 육성을 위한 전자상거래 대외시장 개방에 대한 정책 발표 이후, 한국 수출 기업들에게 제공하는 시사점을 처음으로 제안하였다는데 의의가 크다. The economic growth in China takes the step of the Internet/Mobile revolution together. The high internet penetration provided the opportunity to increase the e-commerce market with fast speed. However, due to imbalance of the growth speed and preparation, the problems on various infrastructures and regulations were generated. Therefore, this study investigateed the current status of e-commerce market and sub-categories. This study also discussed about the problem of e-commerce logistics system, consumer protection, R&D investment, and human resources and provided the considerations for the future improvement. Finally, this study diagnosed the mobile payment and internet finance market and new e-commerce tax regulation, and then suggested institutional implications for the international standardization. This study is meaningful to provide the first implication to the Korean exporters after Chinese government had announced market open strategy for the 5 year e-commerce development plan.

Personal radiation detector at a high technology readiness level that satisfies DARPA’s SN-13-47 and SIGMA program requirements

There is a need to develop new personal radiation detector (PRD) technologies that can be mass produced. On August 2013, DARPA released a request for information (RFI) seeking innovative radiation detection technologies. In addition, on December 2013, a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for the SIGMA program was released. The RFI requirements focused on a sensor that should possess three main properties: low cost, high compactness and radioisotope identification capabilities. The identification performances should facilitate the detection of a hidden threat, ranging from special nuclear materials (SNM) to commonly used radiological sources. Subsequently, the BAA presented the specific requirements at an instrument level and provided a comparison between the current market status (state-of-the-art) and the SIGMA program objectives.This work presents an optional alternative for both the detection technology (sensor with communication output and without user interface) for DARPA’s initial RFI and for the PRD required by the SIGMA program. A broad discussion is dedicated to the method proposed to fulfill the program objectives and to the selected alternative that is based on the PDS-GO design and technology. The PDS-GO is the first commercially available PRD that is based on a scintillation crystal optically coupled with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), a solid-state light sensor. This work presents the current performance of the instrument and possible future upgrades based on recent technological improvements in the SiPM design.The approach of utilizing the SiPM with a commonly available CsI(Tl) crystal is the key for achieving the program objectives. This approach provides the appropriate performance, low cost, mass production and small dimensions; however, it requires a creative approach to overcome the obstacles of the solid-state detector dark current (noise) and gain stabilization over a wide temperature range.Based on the presented results, we presume that the proposed approach of SiPM, with pixel size of 35μm, coupled to a scintillation material (for gamma and neutron detection) ensures the availability and low cost of the key components. Furthermore, automated manufacturing process enables mass production, thereby fulfilling the SIGMA program requirements, both as a sensor (assimilated with mobile device) and as a full detection device.

An Analysis of the Relationship between Asian Steel Index and the Baltic Capsize Index

The Asian Steel Index (ASI) and Baltic Capsize Index (BCI)are important indices of the tramp shipping industry, where the BCI index reveals both the current tramp maritime transport fare and market status, while the ASI index is a composite index determined by the trade prices of steel. This paper first reviewed the literature of ASI and BCI indices to illustrate the current composition of the ASI index, as well as the BCI index in the present tramp maritime industry. A time-series analysis was then followed to construct the optimum model of ASI and BCI indices, and the results could be used as references for the maritime industry. According to the formulation of the multivariate time series models, the optimal mode was found to be VARMA (2,4), which meant that both the ASI and BCI indices would be affected by previous two series of data and have the error correction effect of 4 series. The results of this study confirm that ASI and BCI indices have impacts on each other, especially for the maritime zones of the BCI index, which are consistent with the status of China, a big country with high demands for raw steel material. Furthermore, this model allows the user to discover the impact multiplier of both indices. The construction of the model is hoped to help provide a reference for academics and businesses in the shipping industry.

Post-harvest Handling, Processing and Marketing of Sisal Fibres and Crafts in the Shiselweni District of Swaziland

The aim of the study was to assess current status of post-harvest handling, processing and marketing of sisal fibres and crafts in the Shiselweni district of Swaziland. A variety of natural fibre based products are made in Swaziland using <em>Agave sisalana</em> for the local market and for export. However, there is limited information pertaining to post-harvest handling, processing and dyeing of plant fibres in the Shiselweni region of Swaziland. A qualitative and quantitative study using the Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRAs) approach and questionnaires was carried out with two groups of participants from two parts of the Shiselweni region. Information gathered was analyzed, to capture the background of the participants, evaluate their methods of fibre harvesting, extraction, spinning, weaving and dyeing and to document challenges faced by the participants. The findings revealed that the sisal trade was dominated by women. The women used skills passed from generation to generation and generated profits in the business until the demand for natural fibres decreased. Fifty two percent of the women from Lavumisa were no longer satisfied with the returns of their trade, while 80% in Nhlangano felt the same way. However, both groups felt that working with sisal had improved their household food security to a certain extent. Further findings revealed that there was a great need to train the concerned women in product development, marketing skills, environmental conservation and entrepreneurship.

The Current Status and Future Trends of Farm Production and Marketing of Para-Rubber in the Upper East Coast Provinces of Southern Thailand

The research aimed to: 1) describe the current status and future trends of para-rubber production and marketing in the study area; 2) identify the marketing costs of farmers; and 3) study the marketing system of para-rubber. Data were collected from 462 farmers, 108 middlemen, and 17 processors. The study area was 4 provinces in the Upper East Coast of Southern Thailand: Chumpon, Suratthani, Nakhonsrithammarat, and Patthalung. The surveys were conducted by using structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and workshops. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, cost analysis, and marketing channel analysis. From 2005 to 2010, planting areas increased but total yields declined, due to heavy rains and floods. The rubber prices fluctuated but had an increasing trend. On an average, the planting area was 2.7 ha and had been cultivated for 17 years. The major variety was RRIM 600. The majority of farmers (63%) sold most of their para-rubber in latex form, while rubber sheets (31%) or cup lumps (18%) dominated less often. Hired help was often paid by a split of sales revenue. The product price, relationship, and shipping distance affected selecting the sales channel. Most preferred self-transportation to middlemen (81%), who usually set the price lower than the central market price. The marketing costs were from sheet making, transportation, and deductions for low quality. Sheet making at 3.65 THB per kg was mainly labor costs (72%). The transportation cost of cup lumps, latex and, sheets were on average 1.04, 0.86, 0.48 THB per kg, respectively. The cup lumps had quality deductions of 11% average from full price, and cup lump wetness and contamination had affected 65% of farmers, while 46% had sold sheets with deductions averaging 2%. Fluctuating prices and lack of knowledge about market channels and prices were the major problem for 45% of the farmers. Farm producers mainly sold latex or dry rubber (sheets, cutting scraps, and cup lumps). The latex marketing channel was through collectors for processing plants, that could both be local or larger scale. The dry rubber marketing channels included also collectors, central market, and processing plants. Rubber processed to primary products (smoked sheets, block, and compound rubber) was mainly exported. The latex marketing channels are gaining importance because farmers prefer to sell in latex form. They are likely to sell to a local village collector close to the farm. The demand for local processing plants that transform latex to rubber sheets or block rubber as well as the latex processing plants will likely increase.

The Current Status of Mobile Payment Market and Implications to Cross-border eTraders

The Current Status of Mobile Payment Market and Implications to Cross-border eTraders

프로슈머관점에서의 단독주택 건축비즈니스모델 캔버스 적용에 관한 연구

본 논문은 지식경제시대의 생산소비자개념으로 프로슈머관점에서 본 단독주택의 건축비즈니스모델 캔버스 적용에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위해서 첫째, 최신 주택시장의 실태를 조사하여 단독주택건축의 특성을 공동주택과 비교하였고, 둘째, 고객에서 생산소비자인 프로슈머의 관점으로 전환하여 단독주택 건축비즈니스 문제점을 도출한 후 셋째, 기존 단독주택건축 비즈니스프로세스의 문제점을 개선하는 방안으로 경영디자인기반의 건축 비즈니스모델 캔버스를 통한 건축비즈니스모델의 새로운 방안을 도출하였다. This paper aims to applying the architectural business model canvas to urban single houses business based on the prosumer concept of knowledge-based economy. For that purpose, current status of housing market are reviewed to compare the characteristics of urban single houses with general apatments, Second, from the viewpoints of prosumers which means the client as both producer and consumer, single house business problems were investigated. Third, for the purpose of improving current business problems, new architectural business model with the help of business model canvas is developed to give the improvement measures.

Self-Reported Satisfaction and the Economic Crisis of 2007-10: Or How People in the UK and Germany Perceive a Severe Cyclical Downturn

Self-reported satisfaction measures respond to a great variety of socio-demographic characteristics as well as the job and living environment. In this paper we ask whether the recent financial market crisis has caused a deterioration of satisfaction not only for the unemployed but also for those out of the labour force and especially those in employment. The focus of our analyses is on the pattern of life, job and health satisfaction over time and the influence of unemployment rates, inflation rates and GDP growth. We compare the UK and Germany, two countries with different employment protection regulations and different consequences of the crisis for the labour market. For our analysis we use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) for the period 1996 to 2010 and supplement this with annual information on macroeconomic indicators. We estimate Ordered Logit and OLS models, both with individual fixed effects.We were somewhat surprised to find significant differences between the formerly separated parts of Germany even twenty years after re-unification – not only in satisfaction but also its determinants. While people living in the western part of Germany report somewhat lower satisfaction in 2009 compared to the previous years, those living in the eastern part report higher levels than in 2006, the year before the financial crisis started. This could be due to the largely different employment structures in both parts of Germany. As exports and not so much services were hit by the crisis, western German federal states were facing stronger negative demand pressures. Our findings for the UK are similar to the East German evidence, as year dummies for the crisis years 2008 to 2010 do not show any sign of a decrease, except for a fall in job satisfaction in 2010. Looking at the impact of macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation and unemployment, we find mostly diverse effects between the two German regions but similar between West Germany and the UK. First of all, satisfaction with life is related to the business cycle, we observe positive reactions to an increase in GDP in the whole of Germany and negative reactions to rising inflation in the UK and Germany. However, the strongest and most robust result concerns the relationship between self-reported satisfaction and the regional unemployment rate: The higher regional unemployment the more satisfied people in East Germany seem to be irrespective their current labour market status. Both unemployed and employed seem to be more satisfied with their lives, jobs and health when unemployment is rising around them. At the same time, the overall level of unemployment has a significantly negative effect. In West Germany and the UK, on the contrary, the reverse is true: overall unemployment is positively related to satisfaction and regional unemployment in West Germany is negatively related. Interestingly, we get similar though somewhat weaker results when looking at job and health satisfaction. Hence, though the direct costs of the financial and economic crisis in form of falling GDP seem to have been by far larger than the psychological costs, we find some limited additional costs in the crisis years, and a considerable impact of regional and national unemployment rates.

Do labour market status transitions predict changes in psychological well-being?

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to establish the direction of causality in the relationship between labour market status and psychological well-being by investigating how transitions between secure employment, insecure...

Subjective Well-Being Around Retirement

This paper studies the effect of both retirement and unemployment on life satisfaction, using subjective satisfaction indicators from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Moreover, we analyze how accurate individuals anticipate changes in satisfaction around retirement, as well as the correlation between the forecast error in life satisfaction and the labor market status. Being unemployed has a significant negative effect on life satisfaction; (in)voluntary retirement on the other hand has no significant effect on life satisfaction. A new finding is that unemployed individuals underestimate future life satisfaction. That is, their current labor market status has temporary negative effects on well-being, but, after 5 years, individuals are happier with their life than previously anticipated. We find no effects of (in)voluntary retirement on the forecast error.

Current status, Potentials and challenges of Cassava production, processing, marketing and utilization: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

Current status, Potentials and challenges of Cassava production, processing, marketing and utilization: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

Current status, Potentials and challenges of Cassava production, processing, marketing and utilization: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

The paper provides primary information on the status, potentials and challenges of cassava production, utilization and marketing major cassava growing areas of southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in five purposively selected sample Woredas / districts of SNNPR, Amaro, Kindokoyesha, Gofa, Arbamench Zuria and Konso based on cassava production potential and accessibility in consultation with Zonal and Woreda bureau of agriculture. A total of 200 sample respondents, 40 from each district were selected and interviewed using structured questionnaire. The study also considered information from secondary sources The data collected from the sample respondents and secondary sources were analyzed using descriptive statistic and use of statistical software package SPSS, 2011. The result indicated that cassava stands first in both production and productivity followed by sweet potato and maize in belge (short rainy season) while during Meher (long rainy season) the reverse was observed. The mean land holding (ha) of a household in the study areas were 0.93, 0.46, 1.22, 0.56 and 0.73 for Amaro, Kindo Koyisha, Demba Gofa, Konso and Arbamench respectively. The overall mean of land holding in the study area was 0.78 ha. The mean land holding of sample household allocated for cassava production in the study area was 0.20 ha. Area allocated for improved and local cultivar cassava average for the study area is 0.19 and 0.30 ha respectively. Land preparation for all crops under cassava farming system was carried out by using outdated and labor intensive tools such as hoe (66%) and ox plough (33%) of sample farmer’s average for the five districts. Income generated from cassava was by selling fresh cassava root from the farm and/or the nearby local market. In the same way, processed cassava products especially cassava chips and flours were consumed and sold in the study area. The quality of the planting material that the farmers were using had average quality as to 52% of sampled farmers and 36% using high quality planting materials. Most of the farmers obtain planting materials from their own savings but few had gotten from relatives, friends and other sources. The two improved varieties introduced to the farmers were kello (44/72 red) and Qulle (104/72 Nigerian red). The adoption rate for the improved varieties by the sampled farmers in the study area in average was only 30%. There were some constraints in cassava production areas. Among which insect pest invasion, lack of early maturing variety, shortage of land, low moisture stress and low market demand and/or price were among the most important ones. Therefore, labor saving farm implements, management of cassava scale insects and existing post harvest processing equipments needs to be improved. Development and demonstration of early maturing cassava varieties is also a pertinent area to contribute to solve the existing problems of cassava producing areas.

Applying Hybrid Grey Models in Analyzing Tonnage Growth Trends in Bulk Shipping Among China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Abstract The development of bulk shipping is deeply affected by global economic prosperity or adversity. China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (CH&amp;T) are not only the main suppliers of bulk carriers (bulkers), but also the major trading countries or areas in the world. The development of deadweight tonnages (DWTs) in these areas will significantly influence global trade. This paper begins with the supply side, using the latest 15 years of statistics from the Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics to analyze the current development status of the bulk shipping market among CH&amp;T. Further, four GM(1,1) models of grey theory are adopted to analyze the developmental trends of bulkers. The results show that, not only has the DWTs of the world been increasing, but also that in CH&amp;T in the past few years. Second, after China and Taiwan became members of the World Trade Organization, the number of flagging-out vessels has been increasing more rapidly than the number of national vessels. Moreover, it can be said that DWTs will increase in China and Taiwan, but decrease in Hong Kong in the coming three years in terms of the growth trend. These findings will assist bulk shipping companies in making operational strategies, and government authorities in formulating supportive shipping policies.

The Challenges Facing E-book Publishing Industry in Taiwan

A successful E-book market needs several members to work together including authors, publishers, online book stores, book distributors, reading device manufactures and so on. Although various participants have actively involved in Taiwan digital publishing, the sales of E-book is still less than 1% of total publishers’ revenues in 2011. Compared with North America market share, Taiwan's E-book market share is not meaningful. As a matter of fact, Taiwan readers are facing a dilemma in which there is a lack of E-book title and no proper reading device available. This study examines the current status of Taiwan E-book market from the E-book supply chain members’ points of view. We adopted an exploratory approach to provide different perspectives of these members through semi-structured interviews. This study result shows that government regulations, quality content, E-book titles availability, E-book price and reading device price are considered as most challenging factors facing Taiwan E-book publishing industry.

Current status of production and market of human vaccine products in Korea

PurposeThe goal of this study was to build basic information related to the production and market of human vaccine products in Korea, which can be an important indicator to provide basic data in practical use.Materials and MethodsStatistical data were obtained from the Bank of Korea, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Korea Pharmaceutical Traders Association, and Korea Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association.ResultsVaccines are the 10th ranked drugs in the classification of whole complete preparated drugs. The production output of vaccines in Korea was 392.2 billion KRW in 2011, comprising 2.83% of complete preparated drug production output (13 trillion 880.8 billion KRW) and 2.54% of medical-pharmaceutical product output (15 trillion 440.3 billion KRW). The market scale of vaccines in Korea was 710 billion KRW in 2011, with an annual average growth rate of 11% in the past 6 years, comprising 2% of vaccine market in the world. There was also a significant increase in essential vaccines and other preventive vaccines in a global scale.ConclusionVaccines have the potential of becoming an emerging attractive industry. Based on the current analysis about the production of vaccine products and market scale, further development of the vaccine industry is expected in Korea.

Social network analysis of patent infringement lawsuits

Using patent lawsuit information, we develop a method to identify companies with a significant legal influence on the technologies used in their industry. We construct a patent-infringement lawsuits graph, using the data from intellectual property lawsuits between companies, and analyse the level of influence of companies by computing the network centrality of each company in the graph. To illustrate the practicality of our method, we apply the proposed method to analyse the patent influence of well-known companies in the smartphone industry. The results of our empirical analysis are well matched to the current smartphone market status — for example, Apple, Nokia and Samsung are identified as the most important companies, which lead the smartphone technology and market. This shows that the proposed approach can be used to evaluate and manage patent portfolios even using a relatively small amount of patent lawsuits data.

석유회수증진기술의 시장 및 개발기술 동향

With the decline in discoveries of new oil fields and increasing demand from developing countries it is believed that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in years to come. Based on the recently-published data, this paper discusses current status of global EOR market and technical development trends. The EOR market includes oil produced through various EOR recovery methods, such as thermal recovery, gas injection, chemical injection. Also, EOR methods are addressed screening criteria by reservoir and fluid characteristics including lithology, depth, thickness, and oil properties such as composition and gravity. Finally, the examples of field applied by various EOR methods are discussed with respect to reservoir characteristics and performance.

2008년 금융위기 이후 부동산가격 결정요인 변화 분석

본 연구는 지난 2008년 리먼사태로 인한 글로벌 금융위기 이후 부동산가격의 결정요인이 어떻게 변화하는지를 VAR모형을 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2000년 1분기부터 2011년 2분기까지의 전국 토지, 주택매매, 주택전세 등 부동산가격에 대해 실질GDP, 국고채수익률, 소비자물가, KOSPI, 주택건설실적, 토지가격 등을 이용하여 VAR모형을 구축하고 충격반응 및 분산분해 분석을 실시하였다. 금융위기 이후의 변화행태를 분석하기 위해 글로벌 금융위기가 발생한 2008년 3분기를 기준으로 이전과 현재까지로 분석기간을 나누어 가격결정요인 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 토지가격은 금융위기 이전과 비교할 때 실질GDP와 금리의 영향력은 더 커진 것으로 나타났다. 이는 토지가격이 과거에 비해 거시경제여건에 더욱 민감하게 반응하게 되었다는 사실을 보여준다. 주택매매가격도 금리나 GDP와 같이 시장기본가치에 대해 거의 영향을 받지 않고, 주택가격 자체의 변화나 전세가격의 변화에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 최근의 전세가격 급등세가 지속되고 있음을 감안할 때 매매가격도 조만간 상승할 가능성이 크다고 예상할 수 있는 부분이다. 주택전세가격은 금융위기 이전이나 이후 모두 거시경제지표의 영향력이 약화되고, 소비자물가나 전세가격 자체의 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 부동산가격이 과거와 달리 금리, GDP 등 시장기본가치요인의 중요성이 약화된 것을 알 수 있는데, 이는 부동산시장이 금융위기 이후 인구 가구구조 변화나 가격상승 기대심리 약화, 월세전환 등 경제 외적 요인에 크게 영향을 받는 쪽으로 변화했음을 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 정책당국이나 소비자, 건설업체 등 경제주체들은 경제 환경 뿐 아니라 수급상황 등 시장내부요인을 감안하여 보다 신중하게 시장에 접근할 필요가 있을 것이다. This paper investigates the determination factors' variation of real estate price after sub-prime financial crisis, in korea, using a VAR model. The model includes land price, housing price, housing rent (Jensei) price, which time period is from 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q and uses interest rate, real GDP, consumer price index, KOSPI, the number of housing construction, the amount of land sales and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis. Data cover two sub-periods and divided by 2008:3Q that occurred the sub-prime crisis; one is a period of 2000:1Q to 2008:3Q, the other is based a period of 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q. As a result, Comparing sub-prime crisis before and after, land price come out that the influence of real GDP is expanding, but current interest rate's variation is weaken due to the stagnation of current economic status and housing construction market. Housing price is few influenced to interest rate and real GDP, but it is influenced its own variation or Jensei price's variation. According to the Jensei price's rapidly increasing in nowadays, housing price might be increasing a rising possibility. Jensei price is also weaken the influence of all economic index, housing price, comparing before sub-prime financial crisis and it is influenced its own variation the same housing price. As you know, real estate price is weakened market basic value factors such as, interest rate, real GDP, because it is influenced exogenous economic factors such as population structural changes. Economic participators, economic officials, consumer, construction supplyers need to access an accurate observation about current real estate market and economic status.