Current State Of Science Research Articles

Laryngeal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention: A Narrative Review.

Laryngeal cancer comprises 30%-40% of head and neck malignancies, and it is the most common malignancy in otolaryngology. The main risk factors for laryngeal cancer are tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflex, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, exposure to heat, chemicals, and some viral infections. This literature review summarizes all known data over the past decade with an assessment of the main etiological factors related to cancer incidence, general measurement issues in the cancer epidemiology and the current state of science in relation to laryngeal cancer. The geographical distribution of laryngeal cancer also reveals some important aspects. Europe remains the most prevalent continent for this type of malignancy, whilst the epidemiologic burden in Africa remains low. Overall, there are clear differences in morbidity and mortality from laryngeal cancer between urban and rural areas, with gender inequalities. In some countries, the incidence rates are high in rural areas, and in some, such as in China, the urban population is more affected. High rates of laryngeal cancer are closely associated with both low average income and a high percentage of the population with lower-than-average education countries with higher Socio-demographic Index (SDI) have made greater improvements in the treatment of LC than countries with lower SDI. Epidemiological data on risk factors can provide valuable information for developing cancer prevention strategies.

De retinaloslating in verzekeringsgeneeskundig perspectief

Retinal detachment in the perspective of insurance medicine The purpose of this guideline is to support the insurance medical advisor in the check-up and guidance towards the return to work of patients suffering from retinal detachment. This guideline, based on the current state of science, may help the medical advisor to anticipate on a possibly delayed or prolonged recovery and to promote timely reintegration. A flowchart was designed to support the evaluation process by recognizing alarm signals for a delayed recovery.

Four-Dimensional (4D) Printing of Dynamic Foods-Definitions, Considerations, and Current Scientific Status.

Since its conception, the application of 3D printing in the structuring of food materials has been focused on the processing of novel material formulations and customized textures for innovative food applications, such as personalized nutrition and full sensory design. The continuous evolution of the used methods, approaches, and materials has created a solid foundation for technology to process dynamic food structures. Four-dimensional food printing is an extension of 3D printing where food structures are designed and printed to perform time-dependent changes activated by internal or external stimuli. In 4D food printing, structures are engineered through material tailoring and custom designs to achieve a transformation from one configuration to another. Different engineered 4D behaviors include stimulated color change, shape morphing, and biological growth. As 4D food printing is considered an emerging application, imperatively, this article proposes new considerations and definitions in 4D food printing. Moreover, this article presents an overview of 4D food printing within the current scientific progress, status, and approaches.

Signs and Models of Modern Capitalism: Conclusions for Enterprises in the Period of Digitalization of the Economy

The theoretical and historical aspects of the development of capitalism in Europe, which is dynamically developing, creates and overcomes deep socio-economic crises, are considered. Modern capitalism has a complex structure: a «core», «periphery» and a small middle layer of «satellites». The countries of the capitalist core have «outgrown» their economic models, while the countries of the periphery have not «grown up» to the current models of the «core». It was determined that most countries are in search of more perfect models of production development, maximizing the profit of the ruling classes and elites. For this purpose, mechanisms for accelerating scientific and technological progress, new technological systems, and relevant institutes are used. Technical progress is accompanied by the loss of spirituality, the destruction of values and traditions, which significantly slows down the development of the economy and enterprises. The instability of society arises as a result of the mismatch of social, collective (group) and personal interests of the population, classes, elite groups, clans, and families. Social sciences develop under the influence of the class interests of the ruling elites. Economic science actually lags behind economic practice. Liberal theories, focused on the exclusion of the state from the economy, complicate the situation of real production and business entities. It was determined that despite systematic crises, capitalism provides a certain level of technical progress (four industrial revolutions, six technological systems), deepened the social division of labor, increased the level of labor productivity, mastered ICT, digitalization, etc. Based on the current state of science and practice, management models adequate to the theories of «inclusive capitalism», «new integral economic system», «convergence», «people’s capitalism» become promising for enterprises. Their use requires deep knowledge in the field of management, planning and their carriers – initiative, persistent, responsible, self-sufficient, constantly updating their skills, professionalism. The purpose of the research is to identify the signs and characteristic features of models of modern capitalism, the formation of directions for their use by enterprises in the context of ICT, digitalization of the economy. The methodological prerequisites of the study are the priorities of spirituality in the system «consciousness-matter; spiritual-bio-social essence of man and society; the basis of society – the spirituality and traditional values of the people; social economic laws are based on empirical knowledge, hypotheses and faith, established by law and morality; system and coordination of interests of the state, society, corporations, enterprises; the priority of public interests; increasing the role of natural assessment indicators, which are necessary in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. Research methods: dialectical; the concept of three forces of development; historical; evolutionary; cognition – «from empirical perception to abstract (theoretical) understanding, from this to practice»; analysis and synthesis; modeling; comparison, evaluation, standardization.

Functional MR urography in children - update 2023.

Functional MR urography (fMRU) has developed into an innovative, radiation-free option for assessing parameters of kidney function in pediatric radiology. The importance of fMRU in comparison to the standardized established nuclear medicine procedure (99mTc-Mercapto-acetyltriglycerine, MAG3 scintigraphy) is shown using SWOT analysis. To assess the current state of research, a selective literature search was carried out in PubMed. Taking into account the current scientific status, the examination technique, preparation, and evaluation of fMRU are presented. As a result of the comparison with MAG3, fMRU is suitable for certain indications and represents an optimal combination of morphological and functional representation of the kidneys and urinary tract, especially in the case of surgical consequences. fMRU has been successfully established as a diagnostic method for assessing the morphology and function of the kidneys in competition with MAG3 scintigraphy. · Functional MRU allows reliable statements on the morphology and function of the kidneys and urinary tract.. · The results of the functional assessment of fMRU are comparable to the results of MAG3 scintigraphy.. · The complex implementation and demanding evaluation limits the spread of fMRU as a complete alternative to MAG3 scintigraphy. fMRU is reserved for special indications.. · Functional MRU has prevailed over MAG3 scintigraphy for complex renal and urinary tract anomalies (CAKUT) that require surgical correction. An example is the clarification of dribbling in girls, which is usually based on an ectopic opening of a ureter in a double system.. · Kirsch H, Krüger P, John-Kroegel U et al. Functional MR urography in children - update 2023. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 1097 - 1105.

Professor Ivo M. Raimundo Jr., a researcher concerned about the current state of science in Brazil, kindly granted BrJAC an interview

Ivo M. Raimundo Jr. holds a degree in chemistry (1983), a master’s degree in chemistry (1989), and a doctorate in analytical chemistry (1995), all from the Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (IQ-Unicamp), Brazil. He carried out postdoctoral studies at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, England (1997/98), and the University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA (2017). He is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry at IQ - Unicamp. He was Associate Director (2006–2009) and Director (2009–2015) of the Pluridisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) at Unicamp, Secretary of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Campinas Regional (2020-2022) and is currently its treasurer. He has served as an Associate Editor of the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society since 2019. Prof. Raimundo Jr has experience in instrumentation and automation in analytical chemistry, working mainly in the following areas: optical (nano)sensors, microfabrication of analytical systems, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Challenges and opportunities in the ‘business-education-science’ system in the context of innovation development: cluster analysis

The purpose of this article is to characterise challenges and opportunities in the ‘business-education-science’ system in the context of innovation development based on cross-country cluster analysis. The article examines the relationship between science, education and business and their mutual influence on modern society. The main challenges facing science, education and business are considered, and opportunities for cooperation between these fields to overcome them are identified. Key factors that influence the effectiveness of scientific research, the quality of education, and the success of business are also determined, with an emphasis on the important role of cooperation in the ‘business-education-science’ system in ensuring their impact. To reach article’s purpose, a complex methodology was applied, which includes the following stages: collection of information about the current state of science, education, and business; a review of expert opinions and analytical reports on the problems of the interaction of science, education and business; methods of cross-country cluster analysis using STATISTICA 10 software (the k-Means method, the square of the Euclidean metric, etc. for a comparative analysis between 19 countries from a sample to find out which of them have better indicators in the respective fields). The statistical base is formed from the European Union and the WIPO data, which cover 10 key indicators in the context of the development of science, education and business and their affect the country’s competitiveness in the global world. As a result, there are two formed clusters: the first includes the USA and China that have the highest level of education-science-business development and the second cluster includes other countries from the sample with a less developed education-science-business sector. For these countries the recommendations have been developed to strengthen their education-science-business sector, in particular: creating favourable conditions for investing in science and business, attracting talented scientists, and supporting their activities, increasing allocations for education, and improving the quality of education, strengthening partnerships between universities and enterprises to create innovative projects and other activities. The obtained results can be useful for further research and for making managerial decisions at different levels of government in the context of innovation development, including through the strengthening of coopetition between business, education, and science.

MicroRNA-146: Biomarker and Mediator of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the prime cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although noticeable progress has been made in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, there is still a critical demand for new diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic interventions to reduce this disease incidence. Many investigations have been conducted on the regulatory effects of microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. miRNA circulating serum level changes are correlated with several CVDs. In addition, there is growing evidence representing the potential role of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for CVD. Preliminary studies identified the prominent role of miR-146 in host defense, innate immunity, and different immunological diseases by regulating cytokine production and innate immunity modification in bacterial infections. However, more recently, it was also associated with CVD development. miR-146 has received much attention, with positive results in most studies. Research demonstrated the crucial role of this molecule in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and related mechanisms. As a result, many potential applications of miR-146 are expected. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent studies highlighting the role of miR-146 in CVD, focusing on CAD (coronary artery disease), cardiomyopathy, and MI (myocardial infarction) in particular and discussing its current scientific state, and use a prognostic biomarker as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.

Ioannikii Malynovskyi as an Enlightener of the History of Law

Aim. The purpose of the study is to research the career of Professor Ioannikii Malynovskyi in higher education, his contribution to its development, the goals of the university education. Methods. In the study several different methods were used in the system and interaction. A dialectical method, which boils down to the fact that all phenomena in society have a beginning and an end. The historical method was used to take into account historical traditions, socio-cultural roots of the state and law. A logical-semantic method was also used to help define the conceptual apparatus used in the study. Formal-legal method was used to analyse and disclose legal concepts. Results. The research showed that Malynovskyi conducted scientific researches in the chosen field and by getting acquainted with the heritage of national and world culture. The professor made considerable efforts in education to democratise higher education, in particular, by admitting women to higher education in Western Siberia. He defined the goals of university teaching: 1) to learn to acquire knowledge, the method of scientific research and, 2) to get acquainted with the current state of science. The scientist was the first to create a chronologically consistent, comprehensive subject course on the history of Rus’ law. Conclusions. Malynovskyi’s contribution to the democratisation of higher education already belongs to history, but his scientifically based recommendations on the goals of university education and means of achieving it are not without relevance today, but especially on the practical side in training future legal practitioners which are topical for today.

Building stronger public health institutions (BIS) project: Deciphering the burden of air pollution in Ethiopia, (2021-2025)

Linking air pollution and health at a national level demands the use of a wide variety of data. The current state of science and practice recommends, countries to monitor pollutant concentrations in microenvironments and through satellite technologies. For this reason, countries with better policies and regulations are relentlessly assessing population exposure to air pollutants using air monitoring systems, from fixed atmospheric monitoring stations, atmospheric dispersion modelling, or spatial interpolation techniques for pollutant concentrations. Moreover, the use of systematic diseases surveillance system to document diseases distribution tandem with census data, administrative registers, and data on the patterns of the time-based activities at the individual scale, allowed them to better understand the burden of air pollution. Hitherto, Ethiopia has not established a national air pollution and health impact surveillance program or system to generate data that can be translated into policy or action. For this reason, the global burden of diseases lacks to present the full depiction of Ethiopia. This was ascribed to the dearth of information available on temporal and spatially representative ambient and indoor air quality monitoring efforts; inadequate documentation of population exposure, activity pattern, and diseases incidence to represent wide range of the social fabric. To this effect, the Norwegian public health institute (NIPH) through its four years program, building stronger public health institutions (BIS) (2021-2025), agreed to work with the Ethiopian public health institute (EPHI), to develop environmental epidemiological studies, to link air pollution and health. In doing so, establishing monitoring sites in collaboration with pertinent national authorities will be the first phase of the project. The second milestone will be identifying sentinel sites so as to track sex and age specific mortality and morbidity data of non-communicable diseases attributed to air pollution. Overall, the epidemiological studies will benefit Ethiopia to understand the burden of air pollution.

Smartphone applications are used for self-management, telerehabilitation, evaluation and data collection in low back pain healthcare: a scoping review

Background: Technological developments have accelerated notably in the field of telecommunications in the last few decades. Smartphone use has grown in providing healthcare for patients with low back pain (LBP), but the literature lacks an analysis of the use of smartphone apps. This scoping review aimed to identify current areas of smartphone apps use for managing LBP. We also aimed to evaluate the current status of the effectiveness or scientific validity of such use and determine perspectives for their potential development. Methods: We searched PubMed, PEDro and Embase for articles published in English up to May 3rd, 2021 that investigated smartphone use for LBP healthcare and their purpose. All types of study design were accepted. Studies concerning telemedicine or telerehabilitation but without use of a smartphone were not included. The same search strategy was performed by two researchers independently and a third researcher validated the synthesis of the included studies. Results: We included 43 articles: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (n=12), study protocols (n=6), reliability/validity studies (n=6), systematic reviews (n=7), cohort studies (n=4), qualitative studies (n=6), and case series (n=1). The purposes of the smartphone app were for 1) evaluation, 2) telerehabilitation, 3) self-management, and 4) data collection. Self-management was the most-studied use, showing promising results derived from moderate- to good-quality RCTs for patients with chronic LBP and patients after spinal surgery. Promising results exist regarding evaluation and data collection use and contradictory results regarding measurement use. Conclusions: This scoping review revealed a growing scientific literature regarding the use of smartphone apps for LBP patients. The identified purposes point to current scientific status and perspectives for further studies including RCTs and systematic reviews targeting specific usage. Caution should be taken to monitor the impact of smartphone-related compulsive behaviour.

Triglycerides - assessment as risk factor and therapeutic goals

Elevated triglycerides and their lipidological consequences (small, dense LDL, residual particles (remnants), reduced HDL cholesterol) are an important and independent cardiovascular risk factor. Particularly in diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia is regarded as the main cause of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; very high triglyceride levels can cause acute pancreatitis. This article provides an overview of the current scientific status of the pathogenesis and clinical significance of hypertriglyceridemia.

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Materials for Ultrasonic Transducer in Medical Diagnosis

The ultrasonic transducer is considered the most important component of ultrasound medical instruments, and its key active layer is generally fabricated by piezoelectric materials, such as BaTiO3, Pb (Zn, Ti)O3, PVDF, etc. As the star material, perovskite photovoltaic materials (organic and inorganic halide perovskite materials, such as CH3NH3PbI3, CsPbI3, etc.) have great potential to be widely used in solar cells, LEDs, detectors, and photoelectric and piezoelectric detectors due to their outstanding photoelectric and piezoelectric effects. Herein, we firstly discussed the research progress of commonly used piezoelectric materials and the corresponding piezoelectric effects, the current key scientific status, as well as the current application status in the field of ultrasound medicine. Then, we further explored the current progress of perovskite materials used in piezoelectric-effect devices, and their research difficulties. Finally, we designed an ideal ultrasonic transducer fabricated by perovskite photovoltaic materials and considered the future application prospects of organic and inorganic halide perovskite material in the field of ultrasound.

Climate policy expertise in times of populism – knowledge strategies of the AfD regarding Germany’s climate package

ABSTRACT Climate policy is expected to consider the current state of science. As populist radical right parties (PRRP) become elected members of parliaments, they have a greater influence on integration processes between science and politics. The aim of the paper is to show that instead of generally rejecting climate science, PRRPs appeal to ‘alternative expertise’ and politicize scientific knowledge. With our empirical analysis of public hearings, plenary meetings and press statements discussing Germany’s Climate Package between 2018 and 2020, we show that the AfD uses expertise that suits their political interests very selectively and arbitrarily supporting either scientific outsider positions or positions that only pretend to be scientific. We argue that populist strategies weaken trust in scientific expertise by undermining democratic institutions for knowledge integration in climate governance. Therefore, a clear separation between research and politics together with transparent and formal scientific knowledge integration processes are needed.

On the development of Russian artillery as a type of weapons and equipment in the late 16th century – the first quarter of the 19th century

Topicality of the study of the development of artillery as a special type of weapons and equipment in connection with artillery science in the past years of the Russian history is justified by the historical connection with the current state of science in general and with the development of military equipment and industry. The experience of establishing ways of developing scientific thought and solving certain tasks for the development of artillery weapons can be used to determine the directions and forecasts of further development of weapons and military organisation as a whole. The author believes that the main purpose of his work is an attempt to study some aspects of the artillery weapons development history in relation to the state of Russian industry, technology and scientific knowledge in the late 16th century – the first quarter of the 19th century. The article focuses on the fact that in the early 19th century, in the Russian artillery, a number of measures were carried out, primarily aimed at improving the material part of field artillery. It is established that comparative data of the field artillery of the Russian army with the artillery of certain European states show that the former, in the first quarter of the 19th century, had high technical and combat qualities; it was in no way inferior to the best French artillery at that time and was significantly higher than the Prussian, Austrian ones as well as ones of a number of other states. The author comes to the conclusion that the metallurgical plants of Russia, involved in manufacturing artillery weapons, had a relatively developed foundry and more advanced technical equipment than the metallurgical plants of the previous period. This in turn made it possible to provide the artillery of the Russian army with materiel and shells of higher quality.

Hypokalemic Cardiac Arrest: Narrative Review of Case Reports and Current State of Science

PurposeHypokalemic cardiac arrest is an uncommon occurrence in the emergency department. Electrocardiogram findings related to hypokalemic cardiac arrest include prolonged QT, U waves, and preventricular contractions leading to Torsades de Pointes and then arrest. Literature evaluating the prevalence of hypokalemic cardiac arrest is scarce, and its management is lacking. This review provides a summary of current literature, recommendations from current guidelines, and proposed management strategies of hypokalemic cardiac arrest. SummaryIntravenous potassium administration is the treatment for hypokalemic cardiac arrest. Although the treatment for hypokalemic cardiac arrest is known, there is limited evidence on the proper procedure for administering intravenous potassium appropriately and safely. Owing to the time-sensitive nature of treating hypokalemic cardiac arrest, rapid administration of intravenous potassium (10 mEq/100 mL of potassium chloride over 5 minutes) is warranted. Concerns regarding rapid potassium administration are not without merit; however, a risk-benefit analysis and potential mitigation strategies for unwanted side effects need to be considered if hypokalemic cardiac arrest is to remain a reversible cause. It is imperative to identify hypokalemia as the cause for arrest as soon as possible and administer potassium before systemic acidosis, ischemia, and irreversible cell death. ConclusionsMore evidence is necessary to support treatment recommendations for hypokalemic cardiac arrest; however, it is the authors' opinion that, if identified early during cardiac arrest, intravenous potassium should be administered to treat a reversible cause for cardiac arrest.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОТРЕБНОСТЕЙ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ

The current state of science, production, culture puts forward new requirements for the individual, the level of professional training, which in turn causes the emergence of new educational needs for adults and children. The article deals with the problem of educational needs of modern schoolchildren. The characteristics of psychological, pedagogical and social aspects of educational needs, their classification are given. Statistics reflecting the state of health of schoolchildren, which in modern conditions is both a consequence and a condition for the organization of the learning process, are presented. The data presented in the article indicate a general decrease in the level of health of students, a change in the nature of diseases, the influence of the peculiarities of the education organization on the health state. The research results reflecting the educational needs of schoolchildren and students living in urban and rural areas, developing normally and with disabilities are presented. Some features of the motivation of teaching modern schoolchildren and students are described, differences in the motivation of different categories of students are highlighted. The nature of the problems on organizing education in urban and rural areas is different. The necessity of timely comprehensive medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to students in accordance with their educational needs is indicated. Ignoring the educational needs of certain categories of schoolchildren and students eventually leads to the dysfunctionality of the entire educational system. The article concludes that the study of the educational needs of children and adolescents determines the direction of harmonization of the modern education system. Understanding the specifics of the educational needs of various categories of students will allow the education system, atits various stages, to form educational proposals in order to maximize the satisfaction of these needs.

Образ будущего и сценарии развития науки как культурного феномена

Designing an image of the future is not amusement of futurologists and visionaries, but a necessary tool for organizing social life. Today, the construction of such an im­age is formed around the question of the future of science. The article deals with this issue through the analysis of the current state of science, which uses the concept of technoscience explicated not only as a modern form of scientific knowledge pro­duction, but as a new form of existence science as cultural phenomenon. Based on this analysis author generates and discusses four scenarios for the possible devel­opment of technoscience in the long-term (5–20 years) and strategic perspective. Two scenarios are negative, since they are fraught with the actual abolition of science as a cultural phenomenon. The first is associated with the strengthening of applied re­search and the formation of an artificial intellectual environment that radically re­duces the need for developed theoretical knowledge. The second scenario assumes the continuation of the trend of commercialization of science and the commodifica­tion of scientific knowledge, affecting both the field of applied and basic research. The analysis of the directions combined under the name “Megascience” allows to speak about the possibility of two positive scenarios, one of which is inertial and as­sumes the preservation of the ideal of pure science as an activity motivated by the search for truth, and the second demonstrates the possibility of humanizing oper­ationally oriented cognition and softening the contradiction between the discovery of truth and the mastery of new possibilities of action in the world.

Langdurige Covid: de contouren worden langzaam duidelijk

Long Covid: what is already known about this new condition? Long COVID affects people who have experienced a severe form of COVID-19, as well as patients who suffered a mild form. Six months after infection with the coronavirus, at least 1 out of 7 patients still have symptoms. These symptoms are very diverse and are probably related to a combination of different mechanisms: direct organ damage due to the viral infection, abnormal immune and inflammatory responses that can lead to dysfunctions on several levels (microcirculation, coagulation, fibrosis, autoimmunity, metabolism), consequences of the hospitalisation (muscle atrophy, post-intensive care syndrome) or worsening of existing comorbidities. The Belgian Healthcare Knowledge Centre (KCE) surveyed the experience of Belgian patients by means of an extensive online survey of 1,320 people, followed by an online forum and in-depth interviews. It showed that the perception of the symptoms was very diverse, with a clear reduction in the quality of life, some loss of autonomy and difficulties when returning to work. The psychological consequences could be severe. Based on the current state of science, it is not known which treatments are effective for long COVID. A symptom-oriented approach, focused on gradual multidisciplinary rehabilitation, seems appropriate. Therefore, the main recommendation of the KCE is to investigate the possibility of introducing an ‘interdisciplinary bilan’ for patients with different and interrelated complaints.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TYPOLOGY OF PRIMARY SYSTEMIC SPEECH UNDER DEVELOPMENT

The article considers the issue of the typology of speech development disorders that belong to the group of primary systemic speech underdevelopment (PSSU). The current state of science and practice development of speech-language pathology (SLP) allows us to identify within the once unified nosology several separate pathologies of speech activity which require separate study and use of differential methods for their diagnosis and overcoming. The author analyzes the historical way of forming scientific thought about alalia as a primary systemic underdevelopment of speech. He draws attention to some inaccuracies that have resulted from a certain inconsistency of the positions of individual scientists on the one hand, and the inertia of SLP practice on the other. This actually contributed to the consolidation in the SLP of somewhat outdated ideas about the nature of systemic speech underdevelopment and the variability of its expression in the speech activity of children. Outdated classifications inherited from the former USSR do not keep pace with the current pace of SLP development and do not fully reflect the state of our ideas about the nature and diversity of speech pathologies studied today. The author uses psycholinguistic approach to the analysis of PSSU, particularly for researching psychological mechanisms of speech associated with the functioning of the anterior and posterior tertiary fields of the dominant hemisphere, their role in the pathogenesis of different variants of motor alleles. This allowed the author to identify 10 separate disorders, 6 of them belonging to PSSU. Author raises the issue of making changes to the existing clinical and pedagogical classification and its coordination with the psychological and pedagogical classification of speech disorders currently used in domestic SLP practice. In particular, the author argues the necessity of introduction of speech disorders like apraxia and dyspraxia as separate nosologies into the classification as one of the variants of sound disorders; paraalalia as a separate form of PSSU and two variants of general speech underdevelopment with a predominant disorder in the assimilation of syntagmatic and paradigmatic organization of language signs, previously referred to as general speech underdevelopment of unknown etiology.