The teaching goals of higher vocational college English courses require English workers to directly face the problems of students English vocabulary learning. The quantity of vocabulary directly affects the improvement of many language abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and the vocabulary teaching is the basis and pivotal issue of English teaching. This paper firstly analyzes the current situation of vocabulary learning of higher vocational colleges freshmen, and it provides the urgently discussed problem and research methods of vocabulary learning of current higher vocational colleges freshmen. It uses linear regression to discuss and analyze the importance of vocabulary learning, and it has the corresponding empirical study. This paper uses the latest edition SPSS19.0 of the statistical package for social sciences to have statistical analysis of the survey data, and it puts forward the English vocabulary teaching strategy that is suitable for higher vocational colleges. In this way it can cultivate the cognitive thinking ability of students' vocabulary learning to improve the efficiency of learning vocabulary.