Current Shift Research Articles

Nitrogen and sulfur deposition reductions projected to partially restore forest soil conditions in the US Northeast, while understory composition continues to shift with future climate change.

Human activities have dramatically increased nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition, altering forest ecosystem function and structure. Anticipating how changes in deposition and climate impact forests can inform decisions regarding these environmental stressors. Here, we used a dynamic soil-vegetation model (ForSAFE-Veg) to simulate responses to future scenarios of atmospheric deposition and climate change across 23 Northeastern hardwood stands. Specifically, we simulated soil percent base saturation, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), nitrate (NO3 -) leaching, and understory composition under 13 interacting deposition and climate change scenarios to the year 2100, including anticipated deposition reductions under the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-projected climate futures. Overall, deposition affected soil responses more than climate did. Soils recovered to historic conditions only when future deposition returned to pre-industrial levels, although anticipated CAA deposition reductions led to a partial recovery of percent base saturation (60 to 72%) and ANC (65 to 71%) compared to historic values. CAA reductions also limited NO3 - leaching to 30 to 66% above historic levels, while current levels of deposition resulted in NO3 - leaching 150 to 207% above historic values. In contrast to soils, understory vegetation was affected strongly by both deposition and climate. Vegetation shifted away from historic and current assemblages with increasing deposition and climate change. Anticipated CAA reductions could maintain current assemblages under current climate conditions or slow community shifts under increased future changes in temperature and precipitation. Overall, our results can inform decision makers on how these dual stressors interact to affect forest health, and the efficacy of deposition reductions under a changing climate.

Research on Harmonic Generation Mechanism of PSM High-Voltage Power Supply in Dynamic Operation

To study the harmonic generation mechanism of high-voltage power supply (HVPS) in dynamic operation, the mathematical model of the PSM HVPS is built. The mathematical model of the equivalent circuit is established by analyzing the basic operational unit of the HVPS. The initial parameters of the mathematical model are updated according to the number of the modules in series on the load side, and the key electrical parameters set in the mathematical model are obtained. After that, according to the number and the position of the series modules in the HVPS, the current superposition and phase shift calculation are carried out to obtain the harmonic current content in the power grid. This article also verified the accuracy of the mathematical model and calculating method by building a module simulation and HVPS simulation model. Furthermore, the harmonic generation characteristics in the dynamic operation of the HVPS are studied in this article.

Ictal direct current shifts contribute to defining the core ictal focus in epilepsy surgery.

Identifying the minimal and optimal epileptogenic area to resect and cure is the goal of epilepsy surgery. To achieve this, EEG analysis is recognized as the most direct way to detect epileptogenic lesions from spatiotemporal perspectives. Although ictal direct-current shifts (below 1 Hz) and ictal high-frequency oscillations (above 80 Hz) have received increasing attention as good indicators that can add more specific information to the conventionally defined seizure-onset zone, large cohort studies on postoperative outcomes are still lacking. This work aimed to clarify whether this additional information, particularly ictal direct-current shifts which is assumed to reflect extracellular potassium concentration, really improve postoperative outcomes. To assess the usefulness in epilepsy surgery, we collected unique EEG data sets recorded with a longer time constant of 10 s using an alternate current amplifier. Sixty-one patients (15 with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and 46 with neocortical epilepsy) who had undergone invasive presurgical evaluation for medically refractory seizures at five institutes in Japan were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Among intracranially implanted electrodes, the two core electrodes of both ictal direct-current shifts and ictal high-frequency oscillations were independently identified by board-certified clinicians based on unified methods. The occurrence patterns, such as their onset time, duration, and amplitude (power) were evaluated to extract the features of both ictal direct-current shifts and ictal high-frequency oscillations. Additionally, we examined whether the resection ratio of the core electrodes of ictal direct-current shifts and ictal high-frequency oscillations independently correlated with favourable outcomes. A total of 53 patients with 327 seizures were analyzed for wide-band EEG analysis, and 49 patients were analyzed for outcome analysis. Ictal direct-current shifts were detected in the seizure-onset zone more frequently than ictal high-frequency oscillations among both patients (92% versus 71%) and seizures (86% versus 62%). Additionally, ictal direct-current shifts significantly preceded ictal high-frequency oscillations in patients exhibiting both biomarkers, and ictal direct-current shifts occurred more frequently in neocortical epilepsy patients than in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Finally, although a low corresponding rate was observed for ictal direct-current shifts and ictal high-frequency oscillations (39%) at the electrode level, complete resection of the core area of ictal direct-current shifts significantly correlated with favourable outcomes, similar to ictal high-frequency oscillation outcomes. Our results provide a proof of concept that the independent significance of ictal direct-current shifts from ictal high-frequency oscillations should be considered as reliable biomarkers to achieve favourable outcomes in epilepsy surgery. Moreover, the different distribution of the core areas of ictal direct-current shifts and ictal high-frequency oscillations may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy, in which not only neurons but also glial cells may be actively involved via extracellular potassium levels.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ

The modern definition allows us to interpret the technological process as a complex system in interaction with the components of the environment, which leads to a beneficial effect. From this point of view, the technological process is subject to the general rules of control theory, thanks to which the principles and algorithms used in this theory can be adapted and extended to the control of technological processes. It is noted, however, that the main difference between the technological process and traditional control objects is the constant irresistible and degradative change in its characteristics over time. The article shows the possibility of transition from process control in the statistical sense to control in terms of the actual state, i.e. to real-time process control. The concept of functional controllability of technological processes is introduced. An analysis of the generalized block diagram of the technological process control system as a technically complex system is given. The formalization of the goals of technological process control is given, which makes it possible to form further control tasks and typical control schemes for specific technological operations. It is demonstrated that these theoretical guidelines play a crucial role in the current shift from analog to digital control of technological processes.

Behavioural thermoregulation by montane ungulates under climate warming

AbstractAimGlobal warming is threatening species survival worldwide. Cold‐adapted montane ungulates may be among the first species to be affected by global warming. Here, we investigate the behavioural thermoregulation hypothesis that montane ungulates buffer the effects of warming climate through behavioural adjustment.LocationFoping National Nature Reserve (FNNR) on the southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, China.MethodsWe used infrared camera traps over six consecutive years to monitor behavioural responses of montane ungulates to seasonal and diurnal changes in ambient temperature. We evaluated how seasonal altitudinal migration and changes to their daily activity budget may mitigate the effect of warming on montane ungulates.ResultsAll four montane ungulate species examined here preferred ambient temperatures <22°C in summer. On this basis, we estimate that 27.9% (+2°C) and 46.7% (+3°C) of suitable summer habitats will become unsuitable under climate change. Chinese muntjac and tufted deer displayed behavioural changes to daily activity budgets, which may help them overcome global climate warming to a certain extent. By contrast, golden takin and wild boar did not display similar behavioural changes, and it may be because they are not affected by current shifts in climate due to larger body size and thus lower thermal stress.Main ConclusionsThese analyses demonstrate different species responses to warming are likely and are determined by specific tolerances to ambient temperature thresholds. However, it remains to be seen whether species interactions caused by behavioural shifts may affect species ability to respond to climate.

Hanba tvůrců a chvála hráče? O genderových stereotypech a subverzivním hraní digitálních her

The article attempts to capture the current value shifts taking place in the game industry by looking at the debate on the contemporary digital game Kingdom Come: Deliverance by the Czech development studio Warhorse. For the purposes of contextualisation, the article also reflects on a case known as Gamergate, which served to highlight certain issues in the conception of games and questions about representation and diversity in games. Digital games are no longer the domain of young men alone as gamers now come from all genders and many age groups. Through a gender analysis of this digital game and a discussion/analysis of the controversy surrounding the historical authenticity of representation that has arisen around it, the article highlights the difficulties associated with trying to achieve historical accuracy. A digital game is considered a work of fiction that has its own rules of truthfulness within its own fictional universe. Increasingly, open-world games allow for the suppression of the leading role of the narrator that the game designers created. This tendency is only expected to grow stronger. The role of education and critical engagement with the game medium also need to be considered in the study of this issue.

The principle of space-for-time substitution in predicting Picea spp. biomass change under climate shifts

Abstract Although forest ecosystems play an essential role in climate stabilization, current climatic shifts might cause striking changes in their biological productivity, which, in turn, affects the biosphere function of forests. Studies of the relationship between the biomass of trees and stands and hydrothermal indicators (temperature and precipitation) have usually been carried out at local or regional levels. It is still unknown how climate changes affect tree and stand biomass along transcontinental gradients. Therefore, the goals of this study were (a) to test if the law of the limiting factor holds for tree and stand biomass of Picea spp. at the transcontinental level of Eurasia in relation to temperature and precipitation, and (b) to apply the principle of space-for-time substitution to document the use of the derived tree and stand biomass climate-sensitive models for predicting temporal biomass changes. The results revealed that at a tree level spruce aboveground biomass increased with a temperature increase in moisture-rich regions, whereas in moisture–deficient regions it was reduced. Similarly, precipitation reduction at a constant average January temperature caused a reduction in aboveground biomass in warm regions, while in cold regions its increase was revealed. At a stand level, we also revealed an increase in biomass with increased precipitation amount in warm regions. The study suggested that the principle of space-for-time substitution was clearly manifested on biomass quantity of spruce at both individual tree and forest stand levels.

Influence of occupational exposure on hyperuricemia in steelworkers: a nested case–control study

BackgroundOccupational exposure may be associated with an increased risk of developing hyperuricemia. This study sheds lights on the association between occupational exposure and hyperuricemia in steelworkers.MethodA nested case–control study was conducted within a cohort of workers in steel companies to explore the association between occupational exposure and hyperuricemia. The case group consisted of a total of 641 cases of hyperuricemia identified during the study period, while 641 non-hyperuricemia subjects with the same age and gender distribution were randomly selected from the cohort as the control group.ResultsThe incidence rate of hyperuricemia among workers in the steel company was 17.30%, with an incidence density of 81.32/1,000 person-years. In comparison to the reference group, the risks of developing hyperuricemia for steelworkers undergoing ever shifts, current shifts, heat exposure, and dust exposure were 2.18 times, 1.81 times, 1.58 times and 1.34 times higher respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.87(1.12–3.13) and 2.02(1.21–3.37) for the cumulative number of days of night work at 0–1,972.80 and ≥ 1,972.80 (days), respectively. Compared to the group with the cumulative heat exposure of 0 (°C/year), the ORs (95% CI) for the risk of developing hyperuricemia in the groups with the cumulative heat exposure of 0–567.83 and ≥ 567.83 (°C/year) were 1.50(1.02–2.22) and 1.64(1.11–2.43), respectively. The OR (95% CI) for the risk of developing hyperuricemia was 1.56(1.05–2.32) at the cumulative dust exposure of ≥ 30.02 (mg/m3/year) compared to that at the cumulative dust exposure of 0 (mg/m3/year). Furthermore, there was a multiplicative interaction between heat exposure and dust exposure in the development of hyperuricemia.ConclusionShift work, heat, and dust are independent risk factors for the development of hyperuricemia in steelworkers. Additionally, there is a multiplicative interaction between heat exposure and dust exposure in the development of hyperuricemia. Interventions for shift work, heat and dust may help to reduce the incidence rate of hyperuricemia and improve the health of steelworkers.

Macrophages in gouty inflammation

Gout disorder is likely to be the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis. Hyperuricemia leads to formation of poorly soluble crystalline urate salts in tissues and joints, thus being etiological factor of the gout. The review summarizes modern views on the mechanisms of autoinflammation in gout disorder and it provides an outlook for the new treatment approaches. Inflammation in gout is related to phagocytosis of the urate crystals and the macrophagic NLRP3 inflammosome activation. This process consists of preliminary stage and proinflammatory cytokine generation phases. During the preliminary phase, soluble and crystalline urate salts initiate mRNA transcription for IL-1 and other proinflammatory cytokines precursors in macrophages, synthesis of NLRP3 inflammosome components, and formation of immune memory. Enhanced transcription of IL-1 and other cytokine precursors is implemented via PRAS49-AKT-mTOR signaling, IL- 1ra anti-inflammantory factor and TLR-MyD88-IRAK-NF-B pathway; the enhanced synthesis of NLRP3 inflammasome components provided via the TLR-NF-B pathway. The immune memory develops due to the epigenetic modifications, associated with (de-) acetylation and (de-) methylation of histones and DNA. During the next phase, the effect of soluble and crystalline urate salts upon macrophages promotes NLRP3 inflammosome activation, due to the following events: 1. К+, Cl- and Са2+ ionic currents shift; 2. lysosomic and mitochondrial damage, leading to the cathepsin B release and enhancement of reactive oxygen production, respectively; 3. NLRP3 relocation between the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and cytosol; 4. alteration of the NLRP3 structure due to auxiliary proteins attachment, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. The NLRP3 inflammosome activity results into increased caspase 1 production which, in turn, produces IL-1 and pyroptotic pores proteins. The pyroptotic pores allow IL-1 passage, which further amplifies inflammation. During the pyroptosis, soluble and crystalline urate salts release from the cells, further increasing inflammation and tissue damage. Understanding the mechanisms of gout-associated inflammation helps us to formulate promising approaches to development of novel treatments. Macrophages are the key cells to crystal-induced inflammation development. Thus, new biothechnologies based on macrophage engineering may appear to be prospective in gout treatment. In this review, we have analyzed the prospects of M3 phenotype macrophages (AB-M3) usage in therapy, unlike M1 and M2 phenotypes, is able to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to the inflammatory factors and, therefore, to inhibit crystal-induced inflammation. Meanwhile, unlike the anti-IL-1 medications, e.g., canakinumab, targeting a single end product of the gout inflammation (IL-1), AB-M3 macrophages inhibit not only IL-1 production, but also a group of other inflammatory cytokines.

Shortening shift's length-Should we ask the residents if this is what they want?

IntroductionWork overload in hospitals enforced reducing shifts length of physicians in many countries over the last decade. In Israel, the current shift standard is of 26 hours, however, there is a residents’ struggle alongside a governmental intent to short the shifts to 16 hour. We aim to evaluate residents and interns support and preferences regarding shortening shifts and their ramifications to quality of life and residency programs.MethodsA structured questionnaire was distributed to all resident and interns in a single center. We evaluated their current quality of residency and life, their support in the shorter shifts model, offering alternative program components such as reduced pay, longer residency or replacement in order to allow rest. We compared those who support the new model to those who objected to identify common characteristics to draw a resident profile for acceptance of change.ResultsOverall, 151 physicians answer the questionnaire. 70.2% support the shorter shifts model. Residents above 35 years old and those reaching completion of residency, significantly less support the shortening shifts model. No other demographic nor professional parameters were different between the supporters and non-supporters. Option of reduced pay or longer residency dramatically reduced the support rate to less than 30% and 20%, respectively. Replacement by other physician (resident or senior physician) in order to allow rest was supported by only 40%.ConclusionResidents’ standpoints regarding a desirable change are crucial to plan a successful implementation. A national survey is required before a new model is introduced, to achieve an optimal transparent efficient process.

Why Mean Potential Vorticity Cannot Be Materially Conserved in the Eddying Southern Ocean

Abstract Downstream of Drake Passage, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) veers abruptly northward along the continental slope of South America. This spins down the ACC, akin to the western boundary currents of ocean gyres. During this northward excursion, the mean potential vorticity (PV) increases dramatically (decreases in magnitude) by up to a factor of 2 along mean geostrophic streamlines on middepth buoyancy surfaces. This increase is driven by drag near the continental slope, or by breaking eddies further offshore, and is balanced by a remarkably steady, eddy-driven decrease of mean PV along these northern circumpolar streamlines in the open ocean. We show how two related eddy processes that are fundamental to ACC dynamics—poleward buoyancy fluxes and downward fluxes of eastward momentum—are also concomitant with materially forcing PV to increase on the northern flank of a jet at middepth, and decrease on the southern flank. For eddies to drive the required mean PV decrease along northern streamlines, the ACC merges with the subtropical gyres to the north, so these streamlines inhabit the southern flanks of the combined ACC–gyre jets. We support these ideas by analyzing the time-mean PV and its budget along time-mean geostrophic streamlines in the Southern Ocean State Estimate. Our averaging formalism is Eulerian, to match the model’s numerics. The thickness-weighted average is preferable, but its PV budget cannot be balanced using Eulerian 5-day averaged diagnostics, primarily because the z-level buoyancy and continuity equations’ delicate balances are destroyed upon transformation into the buoyancy-coordinate thickness equation. Significance Statement The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the world’s largest ocean current and a key controller of Earth’s climate. As the westerly winds that drive this current shift poleward under global warming, it is vital to know whether the current will follow. To begin addressing this, we study the current’s fundamental dynamics, and constraints, under present-day conditions. By analyzing angular momentum and stratification together, we show that the current is weakened near boundaries and strengthened by eddies elsewhere. The strengthening effects of eddies are isolated to the current by merging the current with oceanic gyres to the north. This gives a new perspective on why the current travels so far northward alongside South America, and may provide dynamical constraints on future changes.

Private standards for animal welfare in Austrian dairy husbandry: Consequences for farmers in mountain regions

The current shift of regulations for animal welfare from public to private standards allows dairies and retailers to improve their position on the market. However, for easy communication and control they tend to reduce the multifaceted societal demands for animal welfare to freedom of movement, that is, to free stalls with or without access to pasture. Taking a farmers perspective, this contribution examines the situation in Austria, where structure and practices of dairy farming differ greatly between more favourable, arable, and mountainous regions. The theoretical concept of farming styles uncovers fundamental positions grounded in different understandings of how farming practices are supposed to be organized. Private standards privilege rationalized, large-scale dairy farms in advantaged regions over family-owned traditional farms in mountain areas. This may have unintended negative consequences on farming structure, land use and cultural landscape.

Gendered consequences of social changes in Nepal: rich possibilities

In this commentary, we reflect on changing gender dynamics within a broader political-economic shift currently taking place in Nepal. We critique how Nepali women are stereotypically represented as vulnerable, uneducated or less educated Third-World women, who lack agency and are dependent on their male kin, in development and popular media discourses. Our key proposition is that the major political and economic changes over recent decades, beyond the obvious political changes witnessed in Nepal in 1950, 1990 or 2005, are having a significant impact on the lives of both women and men, across different social classes, castes, regions, religions and ethnic backgrounds. After outlining some of the stereotypical representations of Nepali women, followed by a brief discussion on the broader political-economic shifts, we conclude this paper by making four key propositions. These are: 1) current political-economic shifts have profound gender consequences, which need to be examined and understood in scholarship; 2) discussion on the position of Nepali women has been limited exclusively to sociocultural and religious domains, and particularly within Hindu patriarchy, which has overlooked the diversity of Nepali women; 3) the caring economy remains invisible; and, finally 4) with regards Nepali men, their changing roles and ideas of masculinities have been largely overlooked in any gender development policy debate. Overall, we argue that a more grounded, up-to-date, intersectional and critical understanding of dynamic gender relations within the shifting political economy is warranted, which neither romanticises nor pathologises Nepali women’s and men’s social positions.

Lived Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on the Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study

Lived Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on the Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study

Lived Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on the Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study

Lived Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers on the Current Paradigm Shift in Education: A Phenomenological Study

Exploring the possibility to provide black start services by using vehicle-to-grid

Black start is one of the most important ancillary services that should be required by National Grid in the UK which traditionally has been provided by large power stations. However, the current shift towards greener technologies have opened the door to non-traditional technologies. In this study, we explored electric vehicles (EVs) and the minimum state of charge (SOC) that can be held by a fleet of EVs during a week that could potentially be used to help provide this service while providing Vehicle-to-home (V2H) services to minimise the consumers’ electricity bill. We also explored the impact of different photovoltaic (PV) penetration rates and different electricity tariffs through four different weeks of the year. In this study, we use a machine learning model classifier to predict the start and end locations of real-world EV travel data in England. These predictions are then used in an optimisation model to generate the SOC percentage and the consumers’ total electricity cost for the different scenarios. The machine learning model classifier model had an overall accuracy of over 85.80%. Final results showed that PV penetration rates and different electricity tariffs have an impact on the amount of SOC percentage that can be held during a week for all EVs that could potentially be used in the case of a shutdown and the consumers’ final weekly electricity cost. We found that using a dynamic tariff that follows the wholesale electricity market, the SOC percentages to provide black start services can be kept above 40% during the week and at the same time returning a total electricity cost under £30.00 per week.

Multifractality of global sea level heights in the satellite altimeter-era

Sea level rise is the major concern of climate change research. Beside the positive trends, global sea levels also demonstrate a complex scaling behavior. In this study, multifractal analyses based on the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method are conducted to the global sea level anomaly (SLA) time series in the altimeter-era since 1993. By eliminating the multifractality caused by finite-size effect, the effective multifractality is estimated as the degree of multifractality of SLA time series. The results of show that global SLA time series are multifractals rather than monofractals. Long range dependence was also heuristically demonstrated by both autocorrelation functions and multifractal spectrums, respectively. The complex spatial patterns of sea level changes and multifractality could be partly explained by different mechanisms such as thermal expansion, the shift of ocean currents, and river injections, which are all associated with global climate change.

Photo‐Synaptic Oxide Transistors with Al2O3/SiOx Stacked Gate Dielectric Exhibiting 1024 Conduction States with Good Linearity

AbstractTiO2‐based photo‐synaptic transistors employing a stacked SiOX/Al2O3 gate dielectric are fabricated. The trapped charges at the interface between the gate dielectric and the channel induce a channel current threshold shift that displays synaptic behavior. When a positive gate voltage pulse is applied, the transfer curve shifts positively. In contrast, the curve shifts negatively under 365 nm wavelength UV pulses. The magnitude of the threshold shift is dependent on the optical pulse time. A 5 ms optical pulse shifts the transfer curve to the negative direction but the semiconducting properties of the channel are maintained. Increasing the optical pulse time to 0.5 s causes the channel to exhibit metallic behavior. When optical and electrical pulses are applied alternately, reversible shifts between the metallic and semiconducting states can be induced. The pulse‐paired facilitation time constants of the device for an optical pulse stimuli of 2 ms are 0.9 s and 26.6 s, verifying excellent photo‐synaptic properties. Short‐term plasticity measurements revealed 1024 distinctly separate conduction states with good linearity. Synaptic potentiation and depression are simulated by applying a continuous supply of optical pulses followed by an idle dark condition and good symmetric behavior is observed.

Performance Analysis and Improvement of PI-Type Current Controller in Digital Average Current Mode Controlled Three-Phase Six-Switch Boost PFC Rectifier

In this article, the performance of the proportional–integral-type (PI-type) current controller in the digital average current mode (ACM) controlled three-phase six-switch (3ph-6s) boost PFC rectifier is analyzed with the consideration of the effect of the dead time, the time delays, and the dc offsets of the sampled input voltages/currents. Current control model is established to analyze the effect of the time delays and the dead time on the inductor currents. Analysis results show that both the time delays and the dead time lead to the phase shift of the inductor currents. The design principle of the current controller to suppress the negative effects of the time delays and the dead time on the phase of the inductor currents is given, and the PI-type current controller is found to considerably restrain the negative effects of the time delays and the dead time. However, in the traditional ACM control scheme with the PI-type current controller, the dc offsets of the sampled input voltages/currents lead to serious inductor current distortion. The current distortion is discussed, and the average line current control scheme is proposed to eliminate it. The analysis results are verified by simulation and experimental results of a 4-kW prototype.

Interactive effects of job stressor and chronotype on depressive symptoms in day shift and rotating shift workers

In working adults, higher work stressor is associated with depressive symptoms in adults. A later chronotype is linked with a higher self-perceived stress response. However, their interactive effect has not been studied. This study first examined the interactive effects on depressive symptoms in working adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Japanese nurses aged 20–59 years, using a self-reported questionnaire. Among them,1363 were day shift workers and 1959 were rotating shift workers. The Japanese versions of the Job Content Questionnaire and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) were used, to measure job strain and to assess chronotype, respectively. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to determine the level of depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the interaction between job strain scores and MEQ scores was negatively associated with CES-D scores in overall participants, indicating that a later chronotype was associated with greater effects of job strain on depressive symptoms. The interactive effects were also confirmed in participants stratified by current work shift (day shift work and rotating shift work). This study did not establish causal associations. The results indicate that psychological responses to stressors may be greater in working adults with later chronotypes. These findings may be important for developing novel strategies, focusing on chronotype, to prevent and improve poor mental health in both day shift and rotating shift workers.