Current Regulations Research Articles

Analisis Perencanaan Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa (Studi Kasus pada Desa Glagahwero Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember)

This study aims to analyze the financial planning and management in Glagahwero Village, Panti Subdistrict, Jember Regency. Based on the Village Law and related regulations such as Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation (Permendagri) No. 20 of 2018 and No. 114 of 2014, this research highlights the steps involved in the planning, execution, and reporting of village finances. A qualitative approach was used with a case study involving interviews with village officials and analysis of relevant documents. The results show that the village's financial planning aligns with current regulations, though challenges remain in its implementation, such as limited understanding of new regulations among village officials and social issues related to the use of private land. This study emphasizes the importance of improving regulatory understanding and increasing community participation in the village financial planning process to achieve optimal transparency and accountability.

Challenges in Housing Accessibility Towards Universal Design

Housing is the most regulated type of building. Standards significantly influence the design and construction quality, often making universal design more expensive and challenging to implement. This study aims to review current Spanish regulations on accessibility in the housing sector, to promote non-discriminatory and independent access, while ensuring the safety of each resident. The research is exploratory and qualitative, involving a systematic bibliographic review through an exhaustive search of regulations in force until December 2023. In Spain, there are three laws (from 1999, 1960 and 2022), three decrees (from 2006, 2013 and 2015) and a national plan from the regulatory framework. The main regulation, the Technical Building Code, outlines the accessibility, safety and habitability requirements that buildings must adhere to. The most recent is Law 6/2022 on Cognitive Accessibility. Spain has robust legislation with innovative approaches and ambitious goals. However, there is a lack of societal awareness that housing is a fundamental right and that the regulations must be upheld. Several proposals for improvement have been made. These suggested changes address the specific challenges of each region and promote more inclusive and adaptable projects for all people from the early stages of design.

A Machine Learning Approach to Adapt Local Land Use Planning to Climate Change

The impacts on living conditions and natural habitats deriving from planning decisions require complex analysis of cross-acting factors, which in turn require interdisciplinary data. At the municipal level, both data collection and the knowledge needed to interpret it are often lacking. Additionally, climate change and species extinction demand rapid and effective policies in order to preserve soil resources for future generations. Ex-ante evaluation of planning measures is insufficient owing to a lack of data and linear models capable of simulating the impacts of complex systemic relationships. Integrating machine learning (ML) into systemic planning increases awareness of impacts by providing decision-makers with predictive analysis and risk mitigation tools. ML can predict future scenarios beyond rigid linear models, identifying patterns, trends, and correlations within complex systems and depicting hidden relationships. This article focuses on a case study of single-family houses in Upper Austria, chosen for its transferability to other regions. It critically reflects on an ML approach, linking data on past and current planning regulations and decisions to the physical environment. We create an inventory of categories of areas with different features to inform nature-based solutions and backcasting planning decisions and build a training dataset for ML models. Our model predicts the effects of planning decisions on soil sealing. We discuss how ML can support local planning by providing area assessments in soil sealing within the case study. The article presents a working approach to planning and demonstrates that more data is needed to achieve well-founded planning statements.

Quantifying the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks resulting from the inhalation of PM2.5-bound metals: A multicity analysis and implications for public health

Toxic metals in PM2.5 represent a growing public health concern because of their potential health effects. Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected from five provinces around Bangkok from December 2020 to December 2021. The concentrations of PM2.5 and metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, lead, and vanadium) were analyzed. The noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations in four age groups (0 to <6, 6 to <12, 12 to <18, 18–70 years), with a dataset comprising 2282 heavy metal assays within the particulate matter. Significantly higher PM2.5 concentrations were detected in provinces with higher factory densities, as well as higher concentrations during haze periods than during non-haze periods. The HI values for all age groups and provinces were lower than 1, indicating acceptable noncarcinogenic risks. The carcinogenic risks from PM2.5-bound metals varied between 7.08×10−7 and 4.29×10−6, indicating increased cancer risks, for preschool children and adults. Cancer risk was highest in industrial areas, followed by areas with dense traffic, and lowest in agricultural areas. The results indicated that Thailand's current air quality regulations, which primarily provide only lead limits, are insufficient considering the high carcinogenic potential of other metals. The Monte Carlo simulation results confirmed that lowering Thailand’s 24-h PM2.5 standard from 37.5 to either 25 or 15 µg m−3, as specified in the 2021 World Health Organization guidelines, would decrease cancer risk by 9.63–43.18 %.

Abuse of Authority by Village Head in Cases of Sexual Violence against Women

The government's efforts to combat sexual violence in society are embodied in the Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence, reflecting the State's responsibility to protect and improve the psychological well-being of victims, whether they have experienced physical or psychological harm. Protection of women in the workplace is crucial, and ensuring their rights is a legal imperative. The prevalence of sexual violence against women in work environments, often driven by power imbalances, highlights the urgent need for effective legal protection. This research aims to examine the influence of power relations on sexual violence crimes committed by regional officials and to identify optimal legal protections for women who are victims of sexual violence. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research finds that while existing laws are generally adequate for addressing sexual violence, their implementation falls short of expectations. Recommendations include enhancing legal protection to be more victim-centered, as current regulations primarily focus on penalizing perpetrators. There is a need for policies that provide comprehensive protection and justice for female victims of sexual violence.

Does Rigorous Government Regulation on Nonprofits Improve Their Outputs? Evidence from China

Abstract This study mainly takes China as an example to explore the logic between government regulation and outputs of nonprofit organizations in the context of authoritarian countries. Based on the theory of embeddedness and organizational legitimacy, using the panel data of 29 mainland provinces from 2010 to 2019, and applying the fixed effect model, it is found that government regulation has a positive effect on outputs of non-profit organizations. However, it is also found that there exists a single threshold, only government regulation intensity keeps in a certain range, the positive effect is made. Further research finds that government regulation positively impacts nonprofit outputs through encouraging social donations. Our findings fill the gap of exploring the logic between government regulation and nonprofits outputs, giving some enlightenment to regulators of similar regimes countries. We also have improved the current government regulation theory based on legitimacy and embeddedness theory empirically, extended and enriched embeddedness theory.

РАДІАЦІЙНИЙ СТАН ЗОНИ ВІДЧУЖЕННЯ В 2023 РОЦІ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ РАДІАЦІЙНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

The article presents results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone for the year 2023, after de-occupation of the territory, which was carried out in accordance with the current regulation of work, with the exception of objects on which it is temporarily impossible to carry out work due to the lack of safe access. In 2022, due to the full-scale invasion of russian federation, radiation monitoring of the environment was interrupted, monitoring of radiation-hazardous objects and environmental components of the Exclusion Zone was not carried out. Implementation of priority measures to restore the radiation and environmental monitoring system in the Exclusion Zone, after occupation by russian troops, made it possible to resume the work of the automated radiation monitoring system points, to create an additional network of measurement of gamma radiation indicators in the Exclusion Zone, to restore work of the central analytical laboratory and to restore the work of aspiration units. Thus, the enterprise resumed obtaining the necessary data on the dose rate of gamma radiation, information on the radiation state of the surface layer of the atmosphere, radiation state of surface and underground waters, radiation state of landscapes and places of residence of self-settlers. According to the results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone in 2023, important analytical data were obtained: - Maximum power values of the ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation are characteristic of the territories in the northern and western 'traces' of radioactive fallout; - Radiation state of the Exclusion Zone air environment and its dynamics during 2023 were determined by the nature of surface contamination of the territory, man-made and biological factors, as well as meteorological conditions. Control levels exceeding by 2.5 times of 137Cs volumetric activity in the air was recorded in Chornobyl; - Surface waters remain an important route of radionuclide removal beyond the Exclusion Zone. Removal of 90Sr from Pripyat River in the area of Chornobyl in 2023 was at a level that was 2.4 times higher than the average value for the last 5 years; - As a result of observations of the radiation state of underground waters, it was determined that the average value of radionuclide contamination of eocene and cenomanian-lower cretaceous water-bearing complexes does not exceed 1 Bq/m3 for 137Cs and 5.7 Bq/m3 for 90Sr; - Monitoring results at landscape landfills indicate that the most contaminated component of the environment is the top layer of soil cover; - Radiation survey results of unauthorized residence places of the population in the Exclusion Zone showed that over the years there is an increase in the intake of 90Sr in the food products of 'self-settlers'.

O PAPEL DO FARMACÊUTICO NA ÁREA DA SAÚDE ESTÉTICA: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

The article demonstrates in its approach the role of the pharmacist in the area of aesthetic health: A review of the literature. The objective was to analyze the role of the pharmacist in the aesthetic health sector, investigating the varied therapeutic approaches used by these professionals, in accordance with current regulations. The approach adopted in this research consisted of a literature review with a qualitative and descriptive approach. The search for aesthetics has become a significant element of today's society, attention and aspiration for well-being have become an important victory for healthcare institutions. This sector of activity ends up opening space for aesthetics, generating several opportunities to support this search among people. It is clear that the field of aesthetics is on the rise in society, with a growing demand for less invasive procedures. Pharmacists are among the professionals trained to work in this area.

EU’s AI Regulation Approaches and Their Implication for Human Rights

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies presents significant opportunities, but also introduces critical challenges, particularly concerning the protection of human rights. In response, the European Union (EU) has developed comprehensive AI regulations, most notably the AI Act, positioning itself as a leader in global AI governance. However, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of these laws in safeguarding key human rights such as privacy, equality, autonomy, and freedom. This study aims to assess the sufficiency of the EU’s current AI regulations in protecting human rights, analyze the specific impacts of AI technologies on privacy and equality, and explore emerging legal trends in AI regulation within the EU and their broader global implications. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this research integrates legislative analysis, comparative research, scientific forecasting, and interdisciplinary inquiry. The study critically examines the provisions of the AI Act and other relevant EU regulations, comparing them with international legal frameworks to identify gaps and future challenges. The findings reveal that, while the EU’s AI regulations offer foundational protections, there are significant deficiencies in addressing complex issues such as privacy, algorithmic bias, and transparency, particularly in high-risk areas like healthcare, law enforcement, and autonomous systems. The study also highlights that existing regulations are inadequate in managing the rapid integration of AI technologies across sectors and that marginalized groups are especially vulnerable to the risks posed by algorithmic decision-making systems. Furthermore, the EU’s AI regulatory framework is poised to become a global benchmark, but there is an urgent need for more adaptive and flexible legal mechanisms to keep pace with the dynamic nature of AI advancements. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for legal reforms to bridge the current gaps in privacy protection and address algorithmic bias, ensuring the robust protection of human rights in the age of AI.

Clinical Simulation Program for the Training of Health Profession Residents in Confidentiality and the Use of Social Networks.

In the transition to a professional learning environment, healthcare professionals in their first year of specialized postgraduate clinical training (known as residents in Spain) are suddenly required to handle confidential information with little or no prior training in the safe and appropriate use of digital media with respect to confidentiality issues. The aims of this study were: (1) to explore the usefulness of an advanced clinical simulation program for educating residents from different healthcare disciplines about confidentiality and the dissemination of clinical data or patient images; (2) to explore the use of social networks in healthcare settings; and (3) to explore participants' knowledge and attitudes on current regulations regarding confidentiality, image dissemination, and the use of social networks; Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from all 49 first-year residents of different health professions at a Spanish hospital between June and August 2022. High-fidelity clinical simulation sessions designed to address confidentiality and health information dissemination issues in hospital settings, including the use of social networks, were developed and implemented. Data were assessed using a 12-item ad hoc questionnaire on confidentiality and the use of social media in the healthcare setting. Descriptive of general data and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were performed using the SPSS 25.0 software; Results: All the participants reported using the messaging application WhatsApp regularly during their working day. A total of 20.4% of the participants stated that they had taken photos of clinical data (radiographs, analyses, etc.) without permission, with 40.8% claiming that they were unaware of the legal consequences of improper access to clinical records. After the course, the participants reported intending to modify their behavior when sharing patient data without their consent and with respect to how patients are informed; Conclusions: The use of advanced simulation in the training of interprofessional teams of residents is as an effective tool for initiating attitudinal change and increasing knowledge related to patient privacy and confidentiality. Further follow-up studies are needed to see how these attitudes are incorporated into clinical practice.

NOx reduction scenarios under real-world driving conditions for light-duty diesel vehicles

This study analyze analyzes the impact of stringent emissions regulations on future NOx reductions. Using scenario analysis, NOx emissions of diesel light-duty vehicles from 2019 to 2040 are estimated using emission factors from real driving emissions data. The baseline scenario assumes current regulations will be maintained, while other scenarios assess the impact of implementing specific Euro standards as final regulations. If Euro 5 regulations are implemented by 2040, cumulative emissions will increase by 229.1 % compared to the baseline scenario. Implementing Euro 6 a/b/c regulations will increase by 156.2 %, while Euro 6 d-temp and Euro 6 d regulations will increase by 8.4 % and 0.7 %, respectively. These findings highlight the significant contribution of real driving emission test introduced with Euro 6 d-temp to NOx reduction. Furthermore, they indicate that Euro 6 d regulation has already achieved emission levels similar to those of the upcoming Euro 7 regulation.

Tuning of modern speed drives using IFOC: A case study for a five-phase induction machine

Electric machines have existed since the beginning of the 19th century. Although variable-speed drive technology has evolved considerably during the last years, the indirect field-oriented control technique has been in use as a standard control method since the 1960s, using an outer speed loop and an inner current loop. This paper deals with the non-trivial problem of tuning the outer speed controller of modern variable-speed drives, where experimental results are provided to show the need for new tuning methods. The influence of non-modeled effects on the performance of the drive is illustrated considering the dynamical effect of the mechanical speed sensing procedure using optical devices. This effect has not been generally considered. However, it is shown that it has a notable effect on tuning for high performance drives. This is especially true when considering some figures of merits of relevance for drives, such as the torque ripple. A Pareto analysis is proposed to reveal trade-offs between typical figures of merit to establish new tuning methods. To focus our contribution, a five-phase induction drive is considered as the case study, using a finite-state model predictive controller for the stator current control and PI regulators for the outer speed control loop.

Streaming movies, series and shows: attitudes and beliefs among Gen Zers

Purpose Faster internet and online streaming have changed the way young consumers enjoy their favorite movies, series and shows, and business models must adapt to these changes. This study aims to examine the streaming behaviors, beliefs and piracy intentions of Generation Z, the youngest and largest generation of online entertainment consumers. Research in the area of young consumer behavior and streaming piracy is limited, and for a good reason: current laws and regulations focus on punishing the distributors of pirated content rather than consumers. Design/methodology/approach This study used a self-reported questionnaire administered to 750 Generation Z college students aged 17–25 years. The authors used the scenario-based method to examine the factors explaining the intentions to commit movies, series and shows streaming (MS) piracy. This method has been extensively applied when analyzing digital piracy because sharing streaming account passwords and using illegal streaming websites among consumers is still not unlawful in the U.S. Therefore, an adequate approach to evaluate young consumers’ intentions is through a scenario-based model. All information was coded, and a statistical and econometric analysis was completed. Findings From the statistical analysis, the authors found that only 14% of the young participants indicated their intention to stop sharing account information and using illegal websites to watch their favorite movies and shows if streaming piracy were punishable by law. The key motivations are related to the denial of injury to others and the belief that governments would have a difficult time enforcing the law in online environments. Approximately 80% of the participants who indicated their intention to continue MS piracy expressed a low perception of any type of risk associated with MS piracy. Research limitations/implications The results were obtained using a scenario-based model. A scenario provides the opportunity for the participants to reflect on a specific conflict, but they can recognize that there is little at “stake” when addressing the conflict, potentially producing the bias of “over positive responses.” Nonetheless, the analysis is still reliable, as the number of observations is large (750 responses), and the conflict is expressed as a degree of conformity rather than a yes/no answer. Practical implications The authors believe that future generations’ attitudes and beliefs about streaming entertainment will pose significant economic hardships to the entertainment industry. Similar to other forms of entertainment, streamed movies, series and shows are highly susceptible to digital piracy and it is the most common risky behavior among adolescents. The economic impact of streaming piracy could extend to revenue losses, job losses and national domestic production. Social implications Peer influence, personal or through social media, is a strong predictor of streaming piracy. In fact, social media influencers play an important role in teenagers’ behavior, including the usage of illegal streaming apps or websites and other deviant behavior in the digital world. It is expected that social media influencers will continue to be a relevant explanatory factor of streaming piracy among young Gen Zers. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on digital piracy in several ways. First, it adds to the understanding of streaming piracy and the views and perceptions of young consumers about entertainment streaming. Second, the authors extend the analysis of digital piracy to streamed movies, shows and series. Third, the authors complete a statistical analysis on the relationships between Gen Zers’ consumption behavior, beliefs and intentions of streaming entertainment piracy. Understanding Gen Zers’ behavior and attitudes toward paid versus unpaid consumption of streaming content will allow the entertainment industry to respond effectively to future changes in copyright laws and technology usage.

Current Regulation in Multiphase Open-end Winding Machines under Switch Open Circuit Fault

Current Regulation in Multiphase Open-end Winding Machines under Switch Open Circuit Fault

Conceptual model for extending electric vehicle battery lifetime

To maximise the resource efficiency of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their lifetimes can be extended through cascading second- and third-life applications. Using expert input, this study establishes a conceptual model for understanding these applications’ state of health (SOH) thresholds and user requirements. Using a qualitative methodology, including focus group discussions with multistakeholder experts and policy analysis of the European battery regulatory landscape, we propose extending LIB use. Our model outlines potential second- and third-life applications aiming to maximise battery value retention. The findings highlight gaps in current European Union regulations that inadequately support battery-repurposing strategies. The conceptual model with an SOH threshold and key performance indicators serves as a foundation for researchers and industries to explore cascading battery applications, foster long-term resource efficiency and contribute to the circular economy by extending LIB lifespans through repurposing initiatives.

Implementation of Labor Law in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 - Challenges and Solutions

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has drastically transformed global industries, introducing advanced technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, and digitalization into the workplace. This rapid technological shift has presented significant challenges for labor laws, which are often designed for traditional work environments. This study explores the implementation of labor law in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, analyzing the challenges faced by both employers and employees in adapting to these new technological advancements. Using a qualitative methodology, this research employs a juridical review of existing labor laws, supported by an in-depth case study examining how these laws are applied in technology-driven industries. The findings indicate that labor laws often lag behind the technological advances, leading to gaps in legal protections for workers and ambiguities in employer obligations. The case study highlights specific instances where current labor regulations fail to address issues related to remote work, job displacement due to automation, and workers' rights in the gig economy. Solutions are proposed to modernize labor laws, ensuring they are adaptable to future technological developments while safeguarding workers' rights. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for legal reforms to balance innovation with fair labor practices in the era of Industry 4.0.

A ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO NO GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM LABORATÓRIO DE ANÁLISES CLÍNICAS

Abstract: The management of solid waste in clinical laboratories is essential to ensure the safety of workers, public health, and environmental preservation. Pharmacists play a key role in this process, being responsible for overseeing the segregation, storage, and proper disposal of biological, chemical, and sharps waste. In addition, they must implement biosafety protocols, train the team, and monitor performance indicators related to waste management. Among the main challenges faced are the lack of infrastructure for hazardous waste disposal and the need for greater awareness among professionals. The pharmacist’s role in waste management contributes to compliance with current regulations and the sustainability of healthcare services.

Intraday liquidity risk: based on microprudential and macroprudential regulatory perspective

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the effectiveness of current regulations on intraday liquidity risk through a comprehensive analysis using network structure and payment flow characteristics of China’s large-value payment system. Utilizing simulation and econometric methods, it examines the factors influencing the upper limit of liquidity levels required by payment system participants to satisfy real-time gross settlement (RTGS) and its tail distribution. The results of the study show that: (1) in a network topology, the characteristics of a node significantly affect its demand for intraday liquidity and its exposure to intraday liquidity risk; (2) microprudential regulation based only on individuals not only fails to achieve macroprudential regulatory objectives, but also fails to realize individual microprudential regulatory objectives, and at the same time, it reduces the efficiency of liquidity use; (3) reallocating intraday liquidity among participants based on systemic effects not only saves liquidity overall, but also achieves the macroprudential regulatory objective of liquidity at a high probability level. This study provides valuable theoretical and practical insights for regulators and financial managers, emphasizing the importance of effective regulation to prevent the evolution of intraday liquidity risk into systemic risk.

Calcium-activated chloride channels. Role of potassium ions

Using the patch-clamp method in the whole-cell configuration, it was shownthat external potassium ions play an important role in the regulation of calcium-activated chloride currents. A clear dependence of the amplitude of chloride currents on changes in the concentration of external potassium is shown. Changes in concentration of sodium, magnesium and calcium ions from membrane outside have no so significant effect, like outside potassium ions. The effect of potassium on the amplitudes of chloride currents is significantly greater than the effect it has on other cell ionic currents — sodium, potassium, cation. There is reason to believe that a change in the amplitudes of chloride currents contributes to the pathophysiological processes characteristic of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.

Historical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Land Plots for Horticulture

The article focuses on the peculiarities of legislative support for the establishment and development of land plots for horticulture within a historical context. Given that the current legal regulation of land use in the field of horticulture significantly differs from that which existed before the start of land reform in Ukraine, the article analyses the normative-legal framework that has laid the groundwork for the initiation of this type of land use. As a result of the analysis, the role of gardening and viticulture societies is characterized, which were users of land for collective gardening and viticulture even during Soviet times. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Land Code of the Ukrainian SSR of 1970 enshrined only the collective organizational and legal form of gardening (viticulture) and contained provisions according to which the lands occupied by collective gardens are in permanent use by gardening (viticulture) societies.Land plots were allocated to them from reserve lands, the state forest fund, and vacant lands within populated areas. Membership in the society was limited to citizens who did not own private plots or gardens. The activities of each society as a legal entity were regulated by the society’s charter, which was registered in accordance with established procedures. On the land plots designated for collective gardening (viticulture), members of the society were to establish orchards and vineyards on a collective basis and carry out the construction of summer­type garden buildings. Special attention in the article is given to the analysis of social relations that are formed in the field of gardening, which have undergone significant changes due to the initiation of land reform, as well as the adoption of the Land Code of the Ukrainian SSR in 1990 and its new edition in 1992. The article also analyzes the provisions of the current Land Code of Ukraine that regulate the mechanism for transferring land of general use into private ownership of legal entities of gardening societies. It examines, in a comparative aspect, the legal regime of land of general use and other categories of land in Ukraine.