Current Protection Research Articles

The Consumer Protection Framework of Macau Scam in Malaysia

Technological advancements have enabled the rise of various fraudulent schemes, with the Macau or phone scam becoming particularly prevalent in Malaysia. Regardless of the extensive publicity surrounding the Macau scam, every individual is susceptible to becoming a victim. Macau scam poses a significant threat, causing victims to lose their hard-earned money and suffer severe financial and psychological consequences. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to explore the consumer protection framework that safeguards consumers from Macau scammers. The investigation encompassed the current legislation and institutions pertaining to the Macau scam, which includes the existing laws and institutions related to the Macau scam. Document analysis was employed to collect information from government reports, journals, articles, laws, and other relevant materials concerning scams. The research findings suggest that the current consumer protection framework regarding the Macau scam in Malaysia can be further enhanced. Such improvement can be accomplished by strengthening the current legislation and advocating for measures to educate consumers.

Current species protection does not serve its porpoise-Knowledge gaps on the impact of pressures on the Critically Endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population, and future recommendations for its protection.

Successful management requires information on pressures that threaten a species and areas where conservation actions are needed. The Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population was first listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 2008. Now, 16 years later, there is no change in conservation status despite ample conservation policy calling for its protection and an urgent need for management action to protect this population. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of the population, highlight knowledge gaps on the impact of pressures, and make recommendations for management of anthropogenic activities. Based on an exceeded limit for anthropogenic mortality, the high concentrations of contaminants in the Baltic Sea, combined with reductions in prey availability and increases in underwater noise, it is inferred that this population is likely still decreasing in size and conservation action becomes more urgent. As bycatch and unprotected underwater explosions result in direct mortality, they must be reduced to zero. Inputs of contaminants, waste, and existing and emerging noise sources should be minimised and regulated. Additionally, ecosystem-based sustainable management of fisheries is paramount in order to ensure prey availability, and maintain a healthy Baltic Sea. Stranding networks to routinely assess individuals for genetic population assignment and health need to be expanded, to identify rare samples from this population. Knowledge is still scarce on the population-level impact of each threat, along with the cumulative impact of multiple pressures on the population. However, the current knowledge and management instruments are sufficient to apply effective protection for the population now. While bycatch is the main pressure impacting this population, urgent conservation action is needed across all anthropogenic activities. Extinction of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise population is a choice: decision-makers have the fate of this genetically and biologically distinct marine mammal population in their hands.

Review on Solar Charged Batteries with Inbuilt Reverse Current Protection

Solar energy is environmentally friendly technology, a great energy supply, and one of the most significant renewable and green energy sources. It plays a substantial role in achieving sustainable development energy solutions. Therefore, the massive amount of solar energy attainable daily makes it an attractive resource for generating electricity. Both technologies, applications of concentrated solar power or solar photovoltaics, are always under continuous development to fulfill our energy needs. Hence, a large installed capacity of solar energy applications worldwide, in the same context, supports the energy sector and meets the employment market to gain sufficient development. This paper highlights solar energy applications and their role in sustainable development and considers renewable energy’s overall employment potential. Thus, it provides insights and analysis on solar energy sustainability, including environmental and economic development. Furthermore, it has identified the contributions of solar energy applications in sustainable development by providing energy needs, creating job opportunities, and enhancing environmental protection. Finally, the perspective of solar energy technology is drawn up in the application of the energy sector and affords a vision of future development in this domain.

Geo-Referenced Databases and SWOT Analysis for Assessing Flood Protection Structures, Measures, and Works at a River Basin Scale

This research aims to evaluate the operational effectiveness of current flood protection infrastructure and measures in a flood-prone area using geo-referenced information systems and SWOT analysis. To achieve this, all existing flood protection measures and works in the case study basin, namely Strymonas River basin in Greece, were mapped and recorded. These data, along with water-related spatial information, were stored in a geo-referenced database created within an open-source GIS environment. Additionally, the system was populated with the basin’s recorded historic floods, derived from the European Union’s Floods Directive implementation process. The outputs of the research, which include a spatial comparison of flood protection measures and works with flood event occurrences as well as analyses of the figures, density, and locations of flood protection works, were evaluated as an integrated system and further processed using SWOT analysis. The latter was informed by questionnaire results, and the identified strengths and weaknesses of the flood protection infrastructure were used to explore potential opportunities and threats, which could respectively reinforce or jeopardize the basin’s capacity to effectively respond to future floods. The research framework can be applied to any river basin and could provide important assets in flood protection planning at a basin scale.

Evaluation of a New-Concept Secure File Server Solution

Ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and defensive solutions must necessarily evolve. Unfortunately, automated backup management through validation—critical for data recovery after an attack—and strengthening file server protection are not sufficiently addressed in current protection strategies. To focus on this area, an architectural model has been developed that complements traditional central data storage with an additional high-level file server protection solution. However, in addition to the functional adequacy of file server protection solutions, the measurability of operational performance is also important. In order to validate and evaluate the developed ransomware-proof file server protection, a dynamic performance metric is introduced for comparability, by which the performance results measured on the tested client–server architectures are presented, together with the methodology and results of the measurements. Our results show that the investigated model does not cause any performance degradation when moving sensitive data files and their backups during operation and even shows performance improvements in some frequently used configurations. The result proves that the developed real-time approach provides a solution to this critical problem in terms of the time required to restore key data from backups and to ensure file availability and continuity of accessibility. Based on a review of the literature and available solutions, it is concluded that there is no integrated solution for implementing a similar concept in practice, and therefore, the developed model is a gap-filling in this priority area.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT THAT DETECTS AND INFORMS THE PRESENCE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Electrical energy has both positive and negative effects nowadays, with the potential to cause property and human loss. Technical professionals working at electrical energy generation, distribution, and utilization points may die due to carelessness or neglect. Although there are protection elements (fuses, residual current protection relays, etc.) in electrical panels that interrupt the flow of electrical energy in the event of a shock, there may be working areas where energy cannot be cut off due to incorrect electrical connections caused by unauthorized people interacting with the panel. Existing protective components may be insufficient. The experiments include both wired protection elements and wireless detection elements. However, they need to be enhanced because they have limited detection distances. Furthermore, using an ergonomic design can improve operability. New protection and warning features must be designed using developing technology. To prevent employees from being shocked by being exposed to electrical energy in the workplace, AC voltage can be detected without contact using this study, which includes the design and test results of a wearable technology product that warns when electricity is present. An electrical circuit that technical staff can wear on their finger detects voltage without contact and displays the existence of energy with a red LED. It was discovered that the test circuit detects 230V AC electrical energy up to 8 cm away and warns with light.

Research on DC Electric Shock Protection Method Based on Sliding Curvature Accumulation Quantity

To address the limitations of current DC residual current protection methods, which primarily rely on the amplitude of DC residual current for fault detection and fail to safeguard against electric shocks at two points on the same side in DC Isolated Terra (IT) System systems, this paper introduces a novel protection method based on DC electric shock features. This paper first analyzes the sliding curvature accumulation and peak rise time features of DC basic residual current, load mutation current, and animal body electric shock current under multi-factor conditions. The analysis shows that sliding curvature accumulation in the range of 0.1 ≤ K ≤ 1 and a peak rise time of Δt ≥ 20 ms can effectively distinguish animal body electric shock. Then, based on this electric shock’s distinctive characteristics, an approach for identifying types of electric shock is developed. Finally, a DC residual current protective device (DC-RCD) is designed. The prototype test results demonstrate that the DC-RCD has an action time of ts < 70 ms. The proposed method accurately provides protection against electric shocks and effectively addresses the issue of inadequate protection when two fault points occur on the same side within an IT system. This approach holds significant reference value for the development of next-generation DC-RCDs.

An Overview of Afghanistan's Geographical Indications Protection System

Geographical indications are labels used to identify goods or products that originate from a specific place, possess distinctive qualities and have a reputation associated with those characteristics. Afghanistan possesses valuable products such as agricultural, industrial, and handicraft resources that require protection due to its distinctive geography. Therefore, Afghanistan needs to standardize its established legal framework that regulates the recognition and protection of products as geographical indications both domestically and internationally. Since 2015, Afghanistan has implemented a specialized model for geographical indications. A suitable system for the protection of geographical indications in Afghanistan can be beneficial for promoting exchanges and cooperation between Afghanistan and international markets. it can help Afghanistan’s economic growth, avoid misuse of the products, and conversely develop the quality of the products. This study adopts a comprehensive approach to evaluate Afghanistan's current geographical indication protection system. A thorough review of existing laws and related articles, as well as an examination of Afghanistan's legal documents on geographical indications, including the Geographical Indications Law and Regulation, Trademark Registration Law, etc. This involves analyzing the definition of geographical indication, application for registration, review procedures, objections, and cancellation criteria outlined in these documents.

Legal and Psychological Impact of Child Sexual Harassment

Background: Sexual harassment against children in Pekalongan City has escalated, with factors such as diminished parental supervision and shifting moral values contributing to its prevalence. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature primarily explores legal repercussions and short-term psychological impacts, leaving a gap in comprehensive studies on long-term emotional effects and effective legal protection measures. Aims: This study aims to fill these gaps by identifying causative factors, evaluating psychological and emotional impacts over time, and assessing current legal protections. Results: The research highlights that children experiencing sexual abuse face severe psychological conditions like anxiety and depression, along with lasting emotional disturbances such as trauma and emotional dysregulation. Legal efforts are currently centered on reactive measures rather than preventative strategies. Novelty: This study is novel in its longitudinal analysis of emotional impacts and its critique of legal frameworks in place, suggesting improvements for future protective measures. Implications: The findings advocate for enhanced legal frameworks that focus not only on punitive measures but also on preventive and rehabilitative strategies to better protect children and foster resilience against the psychological and emotional scars of abuse. Highlights: Causative Factors: Key contributors include decreased parental supervision and shifting societal values. Long-term Impacts: Highlights severe psychological effects like depression and trauma. Legal Frameworks: Stresses the need for improved preventive and rehabilitative legal measures. Keywords: Children, Sexual Abuse, Legal Protection

(Invited) Shunt-currents in Alkaline Water-Electrolyzers and Renewable Energy

Shunt-currents in bipolar cell stack design with a common electrolyte-feed and -outlet is an inevitable physical phenomenon governed by Ohms law that causes some extra challenges when alkaline water-electrolysers shall operate on renewable energy that is both dynamic and intermittent. Shunt-currents are also referred to as bypass-current or creep-current. The shunt-currents are to much degree governed by the electrolyte inside the cell stack manifold system that transports lye in and out of the cells. The electrolyte inside the manifold system also electrically connects the individual cells together and enables transport of ions/electricity in parallel to the cell stack. Thus, a small portion of the rectifier current is being shunted outside the cells and does not contribute to any production. Previous work on shunt-current modelling brought new insight on how to design the manifolds and raised the awareness on shunt-current and the use of metallic manifolds which both reduced the ohmic resistivity of the manifold system and was a source of secondary electrolysis.Classic alkaline water-electrolysers are typically using an internal manifold system where the inlet ports are located at the bottom of the cell stack and the outlet ports are located at the top, and where the ports connecting the cell-interior and the common manifold channel are short and straight. Such design has in the past worked satisfactory for alkaline water-electrolysers that have been working on a high nominal load and only being shut-down for maintenance a few times over the stack-lifetime, mainly causing a modest reduction in the current efficiency. Membrane-chlorine electrolysers on the other hand, are designed for very small shunt-currents by using an external manifold system, which enables a current protection system that protects electrodes from corrosion under shutdown conditions.Shunt-currents bypassing the cell stack does not contribute to any product and therefore constitutes a loss in current efficiency and, hence, an accordingly loss in the energy efficiency (the shunt-currents still adds to the electricity bill). The atmospheric alkaline electrolyser has a modest loss in current efficiency at nominal load where the high gas volume blocks much of the current path in the rather open outlet ports. The high-pressure alkaline electrolysers on the other hand, where the gas volumes are much smaller, the current efficiency can be as low as 89% at nominal load due to shunt-currents when using simple internal manifold system. For an electrolyser with already low current efficiency at the nominal load, the current efficiency will drop dramatically as the electrolyser is taken to lower load, severely compromising the energy efficiency. The impact on shunt-currents also dramatically increases for increased number of cells in a cell stack, and eventually limits the number of cells that can be assembled in one single cell stack operating on the same common lye system.Shutdown and discharge of the electrodes may further lead to corrosion and degradation of the electrodes, strongly influenced by the shunt-currents and the manifold system. Large cell stacks will discharge faster and deeper, eventually causing corrosion of the electrodes. As the cell stack is discharged the current in the cell stack is reversed where the hydrogen electrode is being polarized to anodic potentials, and the oxygen electrode is polarized to low cathodic potentials which eventually may challenging the material stability. Thus, evaluation of electrode potentials must be an integral part of development of industrial electrodes [LeRoy] and especially in intermittent operation where frequent shutdown will occur. A good integration of the manifold system into the cell stack can potentially mitigate both the loss of current efficiency under dynamic operation and the electrode corrosion under intermittent operation.

A Novel Battery-Supplied AFE EEG Circuit Capable of Muscle Movement Artifact Suppression

In this study, the fundamentals of electroencephalography signals, their categorization into frequency sub-bands, the circuitry used for their acquisition, and the impact of noise interference on signal acquisition are examined. Additionally, design specifications for medical-grade and research-grade EEG circuits and a comprehensive analysis of various analog front-end architectures for electroencephalograph (EEG) circuit design are presented. Three distinct selected case studies are examined in terms of comparative evaluation with generic EEG circuit design templates. Moreover, a novel one-channel battery-supplied EEG analog front-end circuit designed to address the requirements of usage protocols containing strong compound muscle movements is introduced. Furthermore, a realistic input signal generator circuit is proposed that models the human body and the electromagnetic interference from its surroundings. Experimental simulations are conducted in 50 Hz and 60 Hz electrical grid environments to evaluate the performance of the novel design. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system, particularly in terms of bandwidth, portability, Common Mode Rejection Ratio, gain, suppression of muscle movement artifacts, electrostatic discharge and leakage current protection. Conclusively, the novel design is cost-effective and suitable for both commercial and research single-channel EEG applications. It can be easily incorporated in Brain–Computer Interfaces and neurofeedback training systems.

An analysis of McMurdo Dry Valleys’ lotic habitats within Antarctica’s protected area network and addressing gaps in biodiversity protection

ABSTRACT The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica’s largest ice-free region, hosts unique terrestrial ecosystems, with biodiversity concentrated in the aquatic environments and surrounding soils. Despite being a scientific hub, the creation of the MDV Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) made significant steps toward protecting the environment from degradation from human usage. However, with sustained human presence within the MDV, increasing human activity across Antarctica, and aquatic ecosystems subject to environmental change, the effectiveness of current protections for biodiversity conservation requires evaluation. This study employs spatial analysis of MDV protected areas, streams, lakes, research camps, and tourist sites to assess the robustness of current protections, identify underprotected areas, and outline steps for future protection. Within the MDV ASMA, five smaller Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) exist. Only two ASPAs contain streams, and only one with a full hydrologic catchment. With roughly 6% of the lotic habitat area protected by ASPAs, the MDV fall short of global goals for freshwater protection. Past successful management of the MDV shows the effectiveness of collaboration and early action, and amongst calls for ASPA network expansion and restructuring, the MDV has the opportunity to be at the forefront again and increase the protection of Antarctic aquatic ecosystems.

Virtuous Legislation: The Royal Decree for the Sustainable Management of the Woods of Serra San Bruno, Stilo, Mongiana, and Ferdinandea

The Saving Forests Decree of 1773, issued by Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, marked a fundamental step in the sustainable management of the forests of the Serre Calabresi. Metal mining and processing in the region dates back to ancient times, with Greek colonies exploiting local resources for tools and coins. With the arrival of the Normans, the mines became strategic and were granted to the Carthusian monks, and the Norman smelting furnace improved military production. Under Ferdinand II, the Ferdinandea foundry reached its peak, producing high-quality weapons. The Salvaboschi decree demonstrated a growing awareness of the need to balance industrial needs with environmental protection. This study analyzes the decree, examining how its provisions are in line with modern environmental protection laws. The analysis of this study focuses on the provisions of the Salvaboschi decree and their compliance with current environmental protection laws. The main objective of the decree was to implement sustainable forestry practices through regulated logging cycles to prevent deforestation and promote natural regeneration. Analysis of the law reveals its progressive nature and its conformity with modern principles of environmental conservation. This historic legislation testifies to the early recognition of the importance of sustainable resource management and the foresight of the Bourbon administration in implementing practices that would benefit both the environment and industrial development. Through the study and analysis of the rules present in the document, it was possible to make significant comparisons with the laws in force. The decree demonstrates considerable foresight in the protection of natural and forest heritage. This document represents an important step towards environmental protection, highlighting a concrete and proactive commitment to the protection of natural resources. The ability to compare existing regulations with new provisions offers a clear and in-depth perspective on legislative evolution in environmental matters, confirming the importance of regulatory updates to address contemporary ecological challenges.

Developing ecological protection redline policy for land use pattern optimization in the typical black soil region of Northeastern China

Typical black soil regions in Northeastern China (TBSN) are facing problems of degradation of ecosystem services (ESs) and spatial conflicts between cropland and ecological land. Ecological Protection Redline (EPR) policy is one of the first national policies to utilizing multiple ESs. However, there is no standardized framework of delineation and validation for TBSN. In this study, the framework of Ecological Protection Redline delineation was further improved in three aspects of the ecosystem, namely, service function, ecological sensitivity, and biodiversity. Specifically, the framework considered the conflict between high-quality cropland and ecological land in the TBSN. We examined EPR effectiveness by comparing ESs and trade-off/synergistic relationships of different land use scenarios for 2035. The results show that 1) the EPR delineation threshold for each key indicator was determined to be 15%, considering the quality level of cropland. The ecological redline area of 89,593.63 km2 was identified, which was concentrated in the southwestern part of the Mengdong typical black soil subzone and Songnen typical black soil subzone. 2) Compared to the current ecological protection scenario and current ecological protection redline scenario, the optimized EPR scenario was the best solution to guarantee the sustainable development of the TBSN, maximizing ESs, weakening trade-offs, and strengthening synergistic relationships between them. The results of the study provided a theoretical basis for land use planning and the scientific management of ecosystems in the TBSN.

Machine learning–enabled direct ink writing of conductive polymer composites for enhanced performance in thermal management and current protection

This study introduces a novel approach that leverages the synergy of machine learning (ML) and Direct Ink Writing (DIW) to optimize the manufacturing feasibility of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) films. The main research focus centers on precisely fine-tuning the printing parameters to strike the perfect balance between the high loading of dendritic copper fillers and their influences on processing and composite performance properties. This pioneering combination significantly enhances the precision of the final product without resorting to time-consuming procedures. ML algorithms contributed to identifying optimal printing variables such as speed, flow pressure, and filler concentration, which helped in identifying the optimal filler content and its performance capabilities. The resulting films exhibited thermo-resistive behavior with a noticeable resistivity increase by 6-7 orders of magnitude at elevated temperatures, specifically around 100 °C. Furthermore, the study highlights remarkable strain-sensing capabilities, simultaneously showcasing a substantial increase in composite modulus. These discoveries bear substantial significance for the development of exceptionally functional thermal interface materials suitable for use in sensors, current collectors, and energy storage devices. The method presented here offers a promising pathway for advancing the fabrication and performance optimization of conductive polymer composites, opening up diverse applications in emerging technologies.

Hull Coating Damage Location Prediction Using an Improved Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Damaged hull coatings can exacerbate corrosion to the ship body and timely detection and repair of defects are necessary to prevent further corrosion. Due to the large size of the ship, detection of the defects is not easy, especially those located below the waterline. When the impressed current cathodic protection detection system is combined with specialized software, this problem can be solved. This article has developed a software system that can predict damaged locations. The system adopts an improved annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm, combined with electrochemical theory, which can search for defects through iteration. Simulation results show that the system can locate the defects accurately in situations, where there are only one or two damaged parts with high accuracy.

Analisis Dampak Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Perdagangan Online (Menelaah Dampak Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Online)

The ability to trade within the country has made technological advancements in online trading exponentially more popular in recent years. The purpose of this article is to determine whether the country's current consumer protection laws are still applicable in light of the growing trend of digitalization of the economy and what steps should be taken to address legal issues that may arise. This article is written using normative juridical techniques, namely the approach of legal sources and law as a means of literary study. Legal issues arising during the current digital economy cannot be accommodated by Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection. Consumer protection is one of the most important topics in the online world commerce. Within many cases, consumers are less powerful than vendors and service providers, especially in terms of information availability, product dependability and safe transactions. Nonetheless, Indonesian laws offer legal guarantees to customers in e-commerce transactions. The surge in internet connectivity among Indonesians has coincided with tremendous growth in e-commerce in the country.

Commodifying Data: Analyzing Legal Regulations on Foreign Digital Payment Systems A Comparative Analysis Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China

This paper provides a comprehensive study on the intersection of digital payment platforms, particularly those originating from the People's Republic of China (PRC), such as Alipay and WeChat Pay, with the legal frameworks for data privacy in the United States. The research investigates whether the data collection policies of these Chinese digital payment systems comply with or violate existing U.S. laws designed to protect personal data. Given the rapid global expansion of these platforms and their necessity for facilitating modern economic activities, the paper emphasizes the significant trade-off users face by surrendering personal data to access digital payment services. This surrender of data, equated to a "pay-to-play" system, raises critical questions about the adequacy of current legal protections for users' data privacy in the U.S. This inquiry is crucial in understanding the broader implications of the global rise of digital payment platforms on privacy and consumer protection laws, particularly as these platforms become increasingly integrated into the international market. The paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on digital privacy and the need for modernized legal frameworks to address the challenges posed by the digital economy's global nature.

The Legal Implications of Data Protection Laws, AI Regulation, and Cybersecurity Measures on Privacy Rights in 2024

This study explores the legal implications of data protection laws, artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, and cybersecurity measures on privacy rights in 2024. The primary objective is to qualitatively analyze how recent advancements and legislative changes in these areas impact individual privacy rights and shape the legal landscape for data protection. The research employs a qualitative literature review methodology, synthesizing findings from academic articles, legal texts, policy papers, and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving legal challenges and implications for privacy rights. The literature review methodology involves systematically collecting and analyzing a wide range of scholarly sources on data protection, AI regulation, and cybersecurity. The study categorizes the literature into key themes, such as the effectiveness of current data protection laws, the ethical and legal considerations of AI, and the impact of cybersecurity measures on personal data security. Through a thematic analysis, the research identifies the intersection of these legal areas and their collective influence on privacy rights. The findings reveal that recent data protection laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and emerging national legislations, have significantly enhanced individual control over personal data and accountability for data breaches. However, the rapid advancement of AI technologies poses new challenges for privacy, including concerns about data bias, algorithmic transparency, and the ethical use of personal information. Cybersecurity measures are essential for protecting data integrity and preventing unauthorized access, yet they also raise issues related to surveillance and the potential infringement of privacy rights.

Flexural performance of seawater sea sand concrete composite beams enhanced by dual-functional C-FRCM jackets

The flexural performance of seawater sea sand concrete (SSC) composite beams enhanced by the dual-functional carbon-fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (C-FRCM) jackets was experimentally investigated. Five SSC composite beams were constructed and tested in flexure under four-point loading, including one control specimen, one C-FRCM enhanced beam without the presence of the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system, and three C-FRCM jacketed beams implementing the ICCP system (three different current densities: 25, 75 and 125 mA/m2). The failure modes observed and the performance of the strengthened beams with the dual-functional C-FRCM jackets were discussed in details. The results indicated that the C-FRCM jacketing effectively increased the cracking load up to 46.43 % and delayed yielding. The C-FRCM jacket had a relatively small impact on the initial stiffness of the specimens but significantly increased the load-carrying capacity (up to 18 %) and improved ductility. With the increase in current density, the load-carrying capacity gradually decreased, the crack inhibitory effect gradually weakened, but the ductility coefficient increased notably (up to 98 %). Regarding the failure modes of the composite beams, both fiber fracture and fiber slippage coexisted, and with the increase of current density, the latter became more predominant. Based on the design guidelines provided by ACI 549.4R-13, an analytical formula for bending moment was proposed and compared with the experimental results, providing a reference for the design of such components.