Current Development Model Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: THE NEED FOR A NEW MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT

The policy of development has resulted in the development of the few and impoverishment of the many. The developmental model adopted by independent India has encountered conflicts over the issues of livelihood and environment. The unplanned development and industrialization have not only led to problems of livelihood and environmental degradation but also fueled the livelihood and the environmental movements. The quest for rapid growth and industrialization has caused serious imbalances in nature. In this context the present article tries to study the relationship between development and environment. This study tries to analyses different model of development prevailing in different parts of the world. The major focus of this study is on how the current model of development leads to environmental degradation. This study also focuses on how the current model of development is challenged and how it leads to the demand for a new model of development.

From “Liberal” to “Liberating” Empowerment: The Community Protection Approach as Best Practice to Address NGO-ization

Several studies highlight the phenomenon of NGO-ization, pointing to the proliferation of non-governmental organizations (NGO) guided by a “neoliberal mode of governance” and supplanting “indigenous forms of civil society,” primarily social movements (Dana 2013, 5). This phenomenon has attracted attention in relation to women’s activism, making the case that NGOs cannot promote “sustainable development and democratization” due to their lack of “locally grounded vision and […] power basis” (Jad 2004, 40). This paper argues that the limitations of incorporating NGO modalities of work in rights activism can be better understood in relation to a hegemonic shift toward a more individualist and apolitical approach to empowerment. An alternative is outlined to address major shortcomings of the current development model, by recourse to an innovative approach to empowerment, the Community Protection Approach (CPA). To support such a position both theoretically and empirically, desk research is combined with individual semi-structured interviews conducted with nine women’s rights activists in Tunisia, Lebanon, and Palestine.

Comprehensive assessment of urban water resources carrying capacity based on basin unit: a case study of Qingdao, China

Abstract With the quick development of social economy, the sharp contradiction between supply and demand of urban water resources is becoming much more obvious. Comprehensive assessment of urban water resources carrying capacity is of great significance to urban sustainable development planning. In this study, the urban water resources carrying capacity of Qingdao based on basin unit over 2010–2030 is predicted using analytic hierarchy process and system dynamics method. The results showed that the total water demand of all the nine basins have an upward annual trend from 2017 to 2030, among which the domestic water consumption increase obviously. The urban water resource carrying capacity indexes in all basins over 2017–2030 show a downward annual trend under the current social development model. So it is urgent to improve the water resource carrying capacity of each river basin by means of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and active development of new water sources.

It's a Long Way to the Top: Determinants of Developmental Pathways in Paralympic Sport.

The literature suggests that the current athlete development models do not reflect the multifaceted developmental pathways in Paralympic sport. This study aimed to analyze how parasport athletes progress through developmental phases of an athletic career pathway by comparing differences in their trajectories based on the nature of the impairment (acquired or congenital), age, and sex. A total of 345 para-athletes representing 15 sports completed an online survey. Results showed that the developmental phases for athletes with acquired impairment are of shorter duration, taking 4.5 years to progress from the attraction to the elite phase, while athletes with congenital impairment take 6 years. Athletes with congenital impairment start in parasport approximately 8 years younger and win medals in international competitions 7 years earlier than athletes with acquired impairment. Insights gathered in this study have the potential to enhance further thinking toward the genesis of specific models of para-athlete development.

Home Bio-Waste Composting for the Circular Economy

The consequence of the current economic development model is the generation of large amounts of waste and energy losses. One way to change this negative trend is a more rational use of raw materials reducing the amount of generated wastes. Biowaste, which may be divided into garden and kitchen waste, constitutes the main part of municipal waste. At the household level, it can be managed through composting—the most sustainable way of biowaste management. In this context, this paper aims to assess the economic and environmental effects of implementing the home composting incentive program introduced by one of the municipalities near Warsaw (Poland). The study is based on the estimation of the amount of biowaste generated in the commune, as well as on the number of households with the potential to compost biowastes. The effects of implementing the composting program were evaluated at different participation levels. The cartographic-based methods (GIS) were used in the analyses. Additionally, willingness to accept home composting by residents and its main determinants were examined. The results of the study indicate that the changes in the current household biodegradable waste management model are practicable and generate positive economic and environmental effects. However, the promotion of home composting requires active support from the local authorities, both in the financial dimension and by increasing residents’ environmental awareness.

Exploring the Development of Cultural Industries in the United States and Its Inspiration for China

With the acceleration of globalization, culture, economy, society and politics have developed interactively, while culture has become a strategic point for countries to seize and occupies an important position in the competition for comprehensive national power. The United States is the world's number one developed country, its economy, science and technology and other rapid development, cultural industry is no exception. The study of the development of cultural industries in the United States has become a hot topic nowadays. This article explains the current situation and development model of the cultural industry in the United States, and analyses the inspiration for China.

Current Model of Professional Development of Primary Teachers in South Khorasan Province: A Grounded Theory-Based Approach

Current Model of Professional Development of Primary Teachers in South Khorasan Province: A Grounded Theory-Based Approach

Uncertain model of industrial clusters for the optimal arrangement of co-operation networks under sustainable and dynamic conditions

Industrial clusters are one of the most current development models. Aggregation of firms in a geographical area has many advantages, such as cost reduction, better supply, and knowledge emission with linkage together. The linkage result will be created the networks. The industrial clusters without co-operation networking will not be developed. That must be noticed to severe changes of business environment parameters. Therefore, this paper develops an uncertain mathematical model under sustainable and dynamic conditions. The model contains four objectives, namely profit, transportation cost, employment, and environment appraisal of the cluster. The outcome of this research is to find the best/optimal solution for firms’ arrangements with/within networks that maximize the profit, employment, and environment score and so minimize the transportation cost. The assignment patterns show horizontal and vertical cooperation with/within networks. The efficiency of model clustering in sub-clusters is followed by the neighbor clustering efficiency and the one’s clustering efficiency methods.

Editorial

Editorial

Enhancing a culture of peace: the prominence of local community engagements and the role of Public Hearings on quality of life

ABSTRACT The world faces a linked crisis of health, environment, quality of life, economics, and population. The prevailing concept of development – almost exclusively economic – inevitably produces massive exclusion, inside every society and among nations, on all continents. The depletion of the current development model is associated with instability and violence. This requires a new global vision putting in dialogue top-down and bottom-up perspectives, and a shift in the way policies and measures are shaped and in how political decisions and public policies are made. The support of democratization and basic freedoms by heartening broad contribution in political decision-making and local ownership is pondered as key to sustainable development (European Commission, n/d), the basis of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promoted by the United Nations.

Circular economic analysis for Sustainability

Overcoming the current development model, universally deemed unsustainable, requires, in the various Territorial Systems, the implementation of a strategy based on four components which are closely interconnected: Supporting sectors (research, training and communication); Business production and investment models; Household consumption and savings models and No profit Institutions decision-making models. Strategy which, based on policies acting symmetrically on the four components mentioned above, is capable of guiding and supporting the Society towards a growing balance between intra-generational and inter-generational equity. In the present paper, the authors have highlighted the centrality of the Territorial Capital for the achievement of a Sustainable Wellbeing; analyzed the path towards Agenda 2030, which has finally codified this centrality; presented a Circular Economic Model proposed to analyze the determinants of "circularity" of Well-being. Finally, the criteria are defined for an impact analysis of the new policies that are emerging at international, european and national level for building a sustainable future.

Community Participation in Sustainable Valorisation of Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Municipality of Vrsar

Sustainable tourism, as tourism that respects both residents and visitors, cultural heritage and the environment, can offer appropriate models for sustainable cultural heritage management and local economy development. Community participation is one of the fundamental principles of sustainable tourism. It was introduced in tourism studies more than three decades ago and elaborated through different methodological approaches and research. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the local community perspectives regarding sustainable valorisation of cultural and archaeological heritage. The research was realised within the framework of ArchaeoCulTour, a recent scientific project whose main goal is to analyse the development potential of archaeological heritage through sustainable tourism in Istria County, Croatia. The research has considered the Municipality of Vrsar in Western Istria, a typical Mediterranean tourist destination, characterised by mass tourism and high seasonality, as a case study. The research has shown that the residents in the Municipality of Vrsar partially support the current tourism development model, faced with different sustainability challenges and many infrastructural problems. Residents are interested in being better informed and more involved in the tourism planning process and the participatory heritage management models. They agree that the main sustainability issues could be improved through sustainable valorisation of local cultural and natural resources by creating innovative tourism experiences, and they are interested to participate in this co-creating process. Keywords: tourism destinations, cultural heritage, sustainable cultural tourism, community participation

Supporting the Sustainable Energy Transition in the Canary Islands: Simulation and Optimization of Multiple Energy System Layouts and Economic Scenarios

The Canary Islands have great potential for the implementation of sustainable energy systems due to its availability of natural resources. The archipelago is not connected to the mainland electricity grid and the current generation system is mainly based on traditional fossil fuel. Therefore, the islands strongly dependent on fuel importations, with high costs due to logistics. Furthermore, due to the inadequate coverage of residential heating and cooling needs, the per capita energy consumption is far below the Spanish national average. This occurrence has inspired an intense debate on the current development model of the Canary Archipelago, which has led to the implementation of actions and measures aimed at achieving greater energy sustainability in the archipelago. Furthermore, at a local scale, an important investment plan has been carried out by the Spanish grid operator to ensure energy supply, to improve the system security and reliability, and to optimize the integration of renewable energies. Future measures and investments will be crucial to ensure a sustainable growth, both from the economic and the environment point of views. In this framework, this paper aims to discuss and compare the energy solutions, based on renewable energy technologies, identified to boost the sustainable transition of the islands. To this aim, multiple configurations of a wind power plant coupled with reversible hydro power/storage system for the distributed and on-site energy production in the island of Gran Canaria were modeled, simulated, and optimized by a TRNSYS/Matlab algorithm suitably developed. Specifically, along with the proposed system layouts, different scenarios related to diverse annual costs growth rate of fuel were investigated. The proposed analysis covers a time horizon of 20 years, up to 2040, and aims at assessing the impact of the investigated solution on energy demand, energy supply, and population incomes. Depending on the considered fuel cost growth rate, the best system configurations allow a primary energy saving in the range of 58.1–68.1%. Based on the system choice, the enterprise will generate significant revenues to the island population. The net present values are estimated in the range 1.50 × 103 ÷ 1.84 × 103 and 0.85 × 103 ÷ 1.27 × 103 M€, respectively for the two considered scenarios (annual costs growth rate of fuel 2 and −2%). The analysis demonstrates the importance of investments targeted at the implementation of renewables. The proposed scenarios indicate that the current energy model has the potential to radical change and to tackle climate change and energy issues while producing substantial economic savings and better life conditions for the population in the next years.

Longitudinal Links among Mother and Child Emotion Regulation, Maternal Emotion Socialization, and Child Anxiety.

Models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes recognize parents' emotion-related characteristics and behaviors as key contributors to child emotional development and psychological functioning. One such psychological outcome, child anxiety, is prevalent and early emerging, underscoring the importance of identifying early family- and emotion-related mechanisms involved in anxiety risk. We investigated the extent to which mother and child emotion-related traits and behaviors related to child anxiety in a community sample of 175 mother-child dyads. Using three time-points (child ages 2-4years, assessments 1year apart), we examined how mothers' emotion dysregulation predicted their emotion socialization practices (either supportive or non-supportive) and children's emotion regulation (ER; either attention- or caregiver-focused) over time, in relation to later child anxiety. Models controlled for child inhibited temperament and also tested the role of maternal anxiety in these trajectories. Mothers reported on their emotion dysregulation, emotion socialization, and their own and their child's anxiety, whereas child ER and inhibited temperament were measured using laboratory observation. In supportive emotion socialization models, maternal emotion dysregulation predicted child anxiety 2years later. An indirect effect emerged, such that greater maternal emotion dysregulation predicted greater non-supportive emotion socialization, which in turn related to children's greater caregiver-focused ER. Maternal emotion dysregulation, maternal anxiety, and child inhibited temperament each predicted child anxiety above and beyond other variables, although their shared variance likely accounted for some of the results. Findings lend partial support to current theoretical models of transdiagnostic family emotion processes and child anxiety development, suggesting promising avenues of future research.

Female English Teachers Perceptions and Experience of Continuing Professional Development in Qatar

The Qatari government views English language learning as crucial to the country’s future success. Anecdotal evidence suggests, however, that English language teachers (ELTs) employed in Qatar may not necessarily have the appropriate training, qualifications, and experience to enable them to teach successfully. Despite growing research and interest in the continuing professional development (CPD) experiences and needs of ELTs in Western contexts, there remains a lack of research in Middle Eastern countries in general and in Qatar in particular. The aim of this study was to address this gap by exploring female ELTs’ perceptions and experiences of CPD in Qatar in order to develop new practical and theoretical insights into our understanding of this area. The study draws on data from life history interviews undertaken with 16 female ELTs with at least 3 years of teaching experience in Qatari schools. The study found that the participants had very different experiences of CPD based on their personal and professional characteristics. This suggests that for it to be perceived as a positive experience, the current model of professional development for ELTs may need revising. We propose a paradigm shift from a traditional “one size fits all” CPD model towards a more dynamic and interactive style of teacher development that facilitates both personal reflection and professional discourse among teachers. It is argued that such a shift would prove a considerable step forward for English language teaching in this country.

Tourism Development and the Local Businesses in Amritsar

Introduction. Taking into consideration the possibilities of growth and returns the tourism sector provides to the state of Punjab, of recent the Government of Punjab and the Amritsar city administration have made huge effort in expanding this sector by tapping and promoting various sites and activities for tourist absorption. This study delivers reasons for tourism development in Amritsar and proposes possible information for stakeholders to ensure the suitable tourism planning and management, especially contributing towards the local community. Materials and Methods. Prominent categories of business operators i.e., restaurant owners, traditional shopkeepers, employees from the hospitality sector which included hotels, guest houses, hostels and lastly travel agency owners were interviewed for this study. This sample of 120 respondents was drawn from the inner and outer city areas of Amritsar city of Punjab (India). Results. Tourism is emerging as a ‘saviour economy’ for Amritsar, as a major part of Amritsar’s economy directly and indirectly is dependent on this sector. Business community in Amritsar largely perceives the impacts of tourism development positively. However, respondents felt that the business in Amritsar is also getting negatively affected due to mono–centric development, overflow of tourists and expansionist tourism-centric policies. Tourism development policy can perform better by taking local economies into consideration and increasing participation of local communities in tourism development. This way tourism can create an undeniably positive impact on local communities and local businesses. Discussion and Conclusion. As the current development model of the city is tourism centric, there is an insufficiency in growth of allied sectors as well as in development programmes and a miscoordination is there between different significant stakeholders. This study will be useful to various stakeholders like development authorities, planners, and scholars etc who are interested in addressing the developmental issues being faced by tourist cities. The usefulness of this study lies in the fact that it demonstrates how tourism can be used as a tool for regional development by gaining resident support.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Ефективність відповіді системи державного управління на соціально-економічні, політичні та гуманітарні виклики нової глобалізації та четвертої промислової революції буде залежати від її здатності забезпечити адекватну мінливій кон’юнктурі ринку праці систему підготовки фахівців, політику зайнятості з високим горизонтом планування, диференціацією по галузях і кластерах виробництва, а також стратегію інноваційного розвитку, що має мінімізувати транзакційні витрати. Глобалізація означає перехід системи національного господарства в інтегроване світове господарство. Вона призводить не просто до встановлення і розвитку відносин між економічними, соціальними та іншими суб’єктами різних країн, а й до різкого збільшення значущості цих відносин. Водночас вплив глобалізаційних процесів зумовлює необхідність нових теоретичних підходів для обґрунтування структурних зрушень в українській економіці. Розкриті питання спрямовані на формування стійкості до негативних чинників, посилення конкурентоспроможності, реалізація завдань щодо сталого розвитку, забезпечення відповідності встановленим світовим нормам, реагування на загрози посилили актуальність із точки зору гарантування економічної безпеки України в умовах глобалізаційних викликів. Метою дослідження є виокремлення негативних факторів здійснення глобалізаційних процесів в Україні, аналіз індексу глобалізації, надання пропозицій щодо формулювання заходів стимулювання розвитку цифровізації в Україні. Враховуючи зазначене, в ході дослідження розглянуто основні підходи науковців до поняття «глобалізація»; визначено основні фактори, які заважають здійснювати процеси глобалізації в Україні; виокремлено проблеми формування інформаційного суспільства в Україні; охарактеризовано індекс глобалізації та місце України в ньому; проаналізовано цифровізацію в контексті глобалізаційних процесів та сформульовані основні заходи щодо стимулювання цифровізації в Україні.

Environmental Performance Index to Assess the Situation in Regions of Ukraine in Terms of their Competitiveness

Purpose: The objective of the study is the application of the environmental performance index (EPI) to the regional evaluation of the environmental situation of the Ukraine’s territorial units, in the context of their competitiveness. Methodology: The study based on indicators of environmental performance of economic growth, environmental sustainability and environmental health impact allowed to divide Ukraine into 9 sectors according to the index of ecological and economic efficiency, ecological price of economic growth, environmental friendliness, and environmental health index. Findings: The Zaporizhzhia region is in a relatively better competitive position, considering all considered index indicators, whereas Dnipropetrovs'k and Donets'k regions are characterized by a significant lag due to air emissions and high-water consumption. The conducted research allowed to conclude that ecological safety determines the need for changing the current model of development towards sustainable development, which, apart from evident environmental benefits, improves the regional competitiveness level. Practical Implications: It was concluded that environmental costs play a decisive role in ensuring the appropriate level of environmental sustainability. There is also a need for improvement in environmental legislation, especially in harmonization and integration of different regulations and ensuring funds for carrying out the planned measures. Originality/Value: The regions of Ukraine vary considering the sustainable development level and therefore it is vital to consider them separately in terms of the EPI and competitiveness.

Megaproyectos y conflictos ecoterritoriales. El caso del Tren Maya

Al amparo de la globalización neoliberal, actualmente los procesos de despojo transforman de manera recurrente territorios indígenas en América Latina. En este artículo, se propone analizar la oposición que se da entre estas prácticas de acumulación por desposesión de las empresas transnacionales (ETN) y las cosmovisiones de los pueblos originarios a través del análisis de los conflictos ecoterritoriales. Tomando el concepto de Rocío Silva Santisteban, se trata de conflictos que nacen de la pugna por el uso y gestión del territorio, entendiendo territorio como concepto holístico, donde interaccionan múltiples violencias. El objetivo de este artículo será desgranar el choque entre estas dos visiones antagónicas del mundo de la mano de perspectivas como la ecología-mundo de Jason W. Moore, que permitirá leer los megaproyectos como un producto más del capitalismo que explota sistémicamente seres humanos y naturaleza al servicio de la acumulación, o el ecofeminismo, que aportará luz a la interdependencia entre territorios y cuerpos como espacios vulnerables. Asimismo, se tomará como ejemplo el caso del Tren Maya, el megaproyecto estrella del actual presidente de México, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, para evidenciar el falso desarrollo que promete la obra ferroviaria para el sureste del país en el marco de la llamada Cuarta Transformación. A través de este conflicto ecoterritorial, que ha despertado la oposición de movimientos sociales e indígenas, se plasmará este choque de visiones y se corroborará el avance de las fronteras extractivas gracias, entre otros aspectos, a la vulneración de derechos humanos como el derecho a consulta del Convenio 169 de la OIT. Por último, el artículo invitará a mirar el Tren Maya desde una mirada de las cartografías críticas, que lo interrelacionarán con proyectos mayores y que revelarán México como un país laboratorio de los tratados de comercio internacional que han propiciado la expansión de megaproyectos en el país.

COVID-19, Sustainability Always Rings Twice

After consulting the relevant scientific literature and the reports of international institutions, the authors trace the environmental and social causes behind the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, describing its impacts and suggesting some routes to a sustainable recovery. The starting point is the finding that the world is experiencing a sustainability crisis. Sustainability can be said to “always rings twice”: the first “ring” is an alert of its absence, which probably determined the explosion of the pandemic crisis (and its consequences and impacts), while the second “ring” is presenting an opportunity to change the current development model. To fully understand the pandemic’s origins, the links between the scientific knowledge on the origin of the virus and the holistic visions for sustainable development must be assessed, to focus on the causes (and not on the symptoms) of the pandemic, which the scientific community had widely predicted. The loss of biodiversity, population trends and the direct and indirect consequences of climate change have deeply affected the balance of ecosystems and attacked the natural “buffer” that separated humans from animal species that are reservoir hosts of viruses. These causes found fertile ground in the great human mobility of 21st century economic globalisation and in the environmental and social conditions in some of the world’s heavily industrialised areas. This set of conditions, combined with a general short-circuiting of border controls between countries, allowed the epidemic to evolve into a pandemic and become more lethal in the process. What we are currently experiencing is unfortunately the mother of all the negative externalities associated with a social and economic development model that has become unsustainable. The last part of the article outlines the main elements for a sustainable recovery that is coherent with the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. They are grouped in strategic directions and many are now widely shared.