Current Measurements Research Articles

Measurement practices in user experience (UX) research: a systematic quantitative literature review

User experience (UX) research relies heavily on survey scales to measure users' subjective experiences with technology. However, repeatedly raised concerns regarding the improper use of survey scales in UX research and adjacent fields call for a systematic review of current measurement practices. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review, screening 153 papers from four years of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems proceedings (ACM CHI 2019 to 2022), of which 60 were eligible empirical studies using survey scales to study users' experiences. We identified 85 different scales and 172 distinct constructs measured. Most scales were used once (70.59%), and most constructs were measured only once (66.28%). The System Usability Scale was the most popular scale, followed by the User Experience Questionnaire, and the NASA Task Load Index. Regarding constructs, usability was the most frequently measured, followed by attractiveness, effort, and presence. Furthermore, results show that papers rarely contained complete rationales for scale selection (20.00%) and seldom provided all scale items used (30.00%). More than a third of all scales were adapted (34.19%), while only one-third of papers reported any scale quality investigation (36.67%). On the basis of our results, we highlight questionable measurement practices in UX research and suggest opportunities to improve scale use for UX-related constructs. Additionally, we provide six recommended steps to promote enhanced rigor in following best practices for scale-based UX research.

High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar Current Measurement Corrections via Machine Learning and Towed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Integration

High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar Current Measurement Corrections via Machine Learning and Towed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Integration

A synthetic flavonoid derivate in the plasma membrane transforms the voltage-clamp fluorometry signal of CiHv1.

Voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) enables the study of voltage-sensitive proteins through fluorescent labeling accompanied by ionic current measurements for voltage-gated ion channels. The heterogeneity of the fluorescent signal represents a significant challenge in VCF. The VCF signal depends on where the cysteine mutation is incorporated, making it difficult to compare data among different mutations and different studies and standardize their interpretation. We have recently shown that the VCF signal originates from quenching amino acids in the vicinity of the attached fluorophores, together with the effect of the lipid microenvironment. Based on these, we performed experiments to test the hypothesis that the VCF signal could be altered by amphiphilic quenching molecules in the cell membrane. Here we show that a phenylalanine-conjugated flavonoid (4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromene-7-yl)-phenylalanine, (later Oxophench) has potent effects on the VCF signals of the Ciona intestinalis HV1 (CiHv1) proton channel. Using spectrofluorimetry, we showed that Oxophench quenches TAMRA (5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine-(methane thiosulfonate)) fluorescence. Moreover, Oxophench reduces the baseline fluorescence in oocytes and incorporates into the cell membrane while reducing the membrane fluidity of HEK293 cells. Our model calculations confirmed that Oxophench, a potent membrane-bound quencher, modifies the VCF signal during conformational changes. These results support our previously published model of VCF signal generation and point out that a change in the VCF signal may not necessarily indicate an altered conformational transition of the investigated protein.

Hydro‐Sedimentary Processes of a Plunging Hyperpycnal River Plume Revealed by Synchronized Remote Imagery and Gridded Current Measurements

AbstractThe present knowledge of plunging hyperpycnal river plumes is mainly based on two‐dimensional (confined) laboratory experiments. Several hypotheses on three‐dimensional (unconfined) flow processes have been made, but not tested in situ. In this field study, the dominant three‐dimensional hydro‐sedimentary processes related to unconfined plunging were elucidated by synchronizing autonomous time‐lapse camera images with boat‐towed acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements. It was found that the flow field complies with two‐dimensional conceptualizations along the plume centerline. Perpendicular to the centerline, the plume slumped laterally due to its density excess and simultaneously converged laterally due to its vertical divergence. This combination led to a narrowing of the plume near the surface, resulting in a sediment‐rich triangle‐shaped pattern on the surface near the inflow, and a rather stable width near the bed. The formation of secondary flow cells transporting riverine water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) away from the plume near the bed, up toward the surface and back toward the plume near the surface, was revealed. An increase of the average SPM concentration and the SPM flux in the main flow direction indicates net sediment erosion under the investigated conditions of high discharge and sediment load. This suggests transient storage of sediment during conditions of lower discharge and sediment load, and high morphological activity in the plunging area. These findings allowed extending a classical conceptual plunging model to laterally unconfined sediment‐laden plunging inflows for conditions of well‐mixed ambient water in the plunging region and inflow densimetric Froude numbers exceeding 1, common in nature.

Transformer faults identification via fuzzy logic approach

The need for a constant electricity supply is at an alarming rate especially in the 21st century due to the high rate of increase in industrialization across the globe. Conventional protection schemes such as differential relays, Buchholz relay, and other techniques such as genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks, do not match the precision and reliability needed for transformer fault indentification, due to their complexity in computation, tedious training system, time consumption, and need the of human experts. The method proposed in this research is the use of a fuzzy inference system in detecting potential faults in power system transformers. The faults in the transformer were observed and analyzed using a simulation system of MATLAB/Simulink software. The suggested approach ensures swift identification of faults as it relies on if-then rules and only uses current and voltage measurements with 100% independence toward the power flow direction, making it highly reliable and simple to implement compared to other techniques for transformer fault identification.

Definitions and measures of long COVID fatigue in adults: a scoping review protocol.

The aim of this scoping review is to investigate how fatigue is defined and measured in adults with long COVID. Following COVID-19 infection, 10% to 20% of individuals experience persisting symptoms for a minimum of 3 months; this is commonly known as long COVID. Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of long COVID, but there is currently no consistently applied definition of long COVID fatigue. To advance our understanding of long COVID fatigue, we must first identify the current definitions and measures being used to describe and mesure this condition. This review will consider published and unpublished studies involving adults (≥18 years) that define and/or measure long COVID fatigue. Papers using quantitative or qualitative designs will be included. Conference abstracts, editorials, and opinion papers will be excluded. Published studies from January 2020 onwards will be searched for across MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Dimensions, Overton, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished literature. Eligible records will be de-duplicated, and 2 independent reviewers will carry out title, abstract, and full-text screening. A data extraction tool will be pilot tested on a small number of papers, then modified as necessary, with any modifications detailed in the scoping review. Findings will be presented in tables and charts, supported by a narrative summary. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/hnf8z.

A New Rotating Axes Method for Processing High-Resolution Horizontal Velocity Measurements on EM-APEX floats

Abstract A new rotating axes method (RAM) is developed to improve the vertical resolution of the horizontal current velocity measurements u at EM-APEX floats. Unlike the traditional harmonic fitting method (HFM), which yields u averaged in 50-s intervals, RAM decodes and interprets 1-Hz measurements of horizontal seawater velocity , and averages in 12-s windows for removing wind waves with a typical peak frequency ∼ 0.12 Hz. Estimates of u from RAM agree with those from HFM but with a higher vertical resolution of ∼1.5 m, 4 times better than HFM. Note that extracting float signals due to seawater motion needs to assume slow-varying voltage offset ΔΦoffset. The typical variations of estimated ΔΦoffset do not affect the results of u significantly. Estimates of u are excluded when ΔΦoffset fluctuates strongly in time and scatter significantly. RAM is applied to float measurements taken near Mien-Hua Canyon, Taiwan. Composite vertical shear spectra Ψ computed using u from RAM exhibit a spectral slope of −1, as expected for the saturated internal waves in the vertical fine-scale range. The RAM provides EM-APEX float’s horizontal velocity measurements into fine vertical scales and will help improve our understanding of energy cascade from internal wave breaking and shear instability into turbulence mixing.

Calibration of Swarm Ion Density, Drift, and Effective Mass Measurements

AbstractWe calibrate the Swarm Langmuir Probe Ion Drift, Density and Effective Mass (SLIDEM) products using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC‐1) electron density measurements. SLIDEM combines electric current measurements from the Electric Field Instrument faceplate (situated on the ram‐facing side of the satellite) with ion admittance measurements from a spherical Langmuir probe to estimate ionospheric ion density, bulk ion drift parallel to the satellite trajectory in the polar regions, and effective ion mass at low and middle latitudes. SLIDEM processing includes an eight‐parameter empirical geometry model that expresses the corrections to the effective faceplate area and spherical probe radius arising from satellite‐plasma interactions. Validation of SLIDEM density by conjunctions with COSMIC density altitude profiles reveals systematic errors, with SLIDEM underestimating corresponding COSMIC data by around 10%. Using the same conjunctions to calibrate the SLIDEM density processor, a simple one‐parameter geometry model is obtained, which significantly reduces bias in ion density. This leads to reduced bias in the ion ram speed and in the effective mass, both of which are more consistent with empirical ionospheric models. We examined three models characterizing the variation of probe effective electrode current collection areas. Faceplate geometries are statistically indistinguishable from the physical faceplate cross section. Spherical Langmuir probe radius is effectively reduced by about 10% due to satellite‐plasma interactions. We recommend updating the SLIDEM processor to use a smaller value for the spherical probe's radius.

Holistic evaluation of involute gear surfaces using 3D point cloud inversion

Gear users desire increased performance from their products and are interested in predicting the behavior (vibration, loss, service life, etc), and gear manufacturers are interested in adjusting machining parameters to manufacture even better gears. Both require proficient metrology. The evaluation standards were originally written to classify the manufacturing capability of machine tools and as tolerances tighten they may not provide enough insight into the functional performance of the manufactured parts. Furthermore, the advantage of modern coordinate and gear measuring machines is not fully taken into account when applying standardized measurement and evaluation strategies. Improved analysis tools can increase the relevant information gained from current measurement capabilities and enable more useful functional characteristics to be specified by designers and manufacturers. A key improvement is to move from profile and helix line traces to flank surfaces and corresponding fitted form elements. This is achieved by the introduced method. We present an inversion algorithm that fits dimension, form, and pose, and is applicable with current methods through freezing of specific fitting parameters. The method fits a synthetic point cloud with output results that are accurate to the 7th digit, or in practical terms are numerically equal. The inversion method can increase the understanding of error contributions and the functional performance of gears.

Perceived stress and occupation-based coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable stress. Occupations may play an important role in decreasing stress; therefore, this study examined stress and occupation-based coping strategies used during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods Data were analyzed from a Canadian cross-sectional survey that included retrospective and current measures of stress, and an open-ended question regarding how participants coped during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Text responses were categorized using Skinner’s stress and coping framework, and the Do-Live-Well framework; and examined the association between activating the body, mind, and senses-type occupations and stress, controlling for pre-pandemic stress and other potential confounders. Results The 1,473 participants were primarily women (74.7%). All participants identified at least one occupation-based strategy that was categorized as ‘distraction’ in Skinner’s framework. When further classified using the Do-Live-Well framework, most occupation-based strategies related to activating the body, mind, and senses (64.3%). Bivariate/correlational analyses demonstrated relationships between stress and pre-pandemic stress (τ=0.65); annual income less than 30,000 CAD (τ=0.10); being employed (τ=0.11); postsecondary education (τ=0.09); and having a minor child at home (τ=0.11). No association was found when the relationship between stress and activating the body, mind, and senses was tested in a multivariate model containing these potential confounders. The most robust model contained only pre-pandemic stress. Conclusion Occupation-based strategies were frequently used for coping during the first wave of the pandemic. Further examination of the effectiveness of these strategies, using appropriate frameworks and methods, is warranted.

Broadband Eddy Current Measurement of the Sheet Resistance of GaN Semiconductors.

Although the classical four-point probe method usually provides adequate results, it is in many cases inappropriate for the measurement of thin sheet resistance, especially in the case of a buried conductive layer or if the surface contacts are oxidized/degraded. The surface concentration of dislocation defects in GaN samples is known to challenge this kind of measurement. For the GaN sample presented in this study, it even totally impaired the ability of this method to even provide results without a prior deposition of gold metallic contact pads. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of using a new broadband multifrequency noncontact eddy current method to accurately measure the sheet resistance of a complicated-to-measure epitaxy-grown GaN-doped sample. The benefits of the eddy current method compared to the traditional four-point method are demonstrated. The multilayer-doped GaN sample is perfectly evaluated, which will allow further development applications in this field. The point spread function of the probe used for this noncontact method was also evaluated using a 3D finite element model using CST-Studio Suite simulation software 2020 and experimental measurements.

Strategic Development and Comprehensive Guidelines for State Policy in Kazakhstan's Religious Sphere

This research article delves into Kazakhstan's state policies in the religious realm, emphasizing the strategic objectives and primary routes that shape this sector. It explores significant trends and characteristics, framing its analysis within Kazakhstan's recent state-building efforts. The study meticulously evaluates current policy measures, legal frameworks, and operational mechanisms in the religious sphere, identifying essential areas that demand policy refinement and strategic development. The findings advocate for the creation of policies that not only protect religious freedom and enhance social cohesion but also correspond with Kazakhstan's broader goals of stability and advancement. The recommended policy approaches highlight the importance of collaborative endeavors among government entities, religious organizations, and civil society to develop policies that are fair, respect diversity, and support the peaceful coexistence of diverse religious communities. By presenting a thorough policy framework for improving state-religious relations in Kazakhstan, this article contributes significantly to the dialogue on managing state-religion dynamics, offering perspectives that may be relevant to other countries encountering similar challenges.

Development and validation of the Trans- and Nonbinary-Affirming Parental Practices (TAPP) measure.

Parental support is instrumental in protecting the mental health of trans and nonbinary youth (TNB). Yet minimal measures exist that measure parental support, and current measures typically measure parental attitudes or general perceptions of supportiveness rather than measuring specific TNB-affirming behaviors. This study aimed to fill this gap by developing and validating the Trans- and Nonbinary-Affirming Parental Practices scale. The scale items were developed based on existing psychological literature on TNB-affirming parenting behaviors as well as adapting existing measures. The sample consisted of 570 parents or caregivers of TNB youth ages 5-27 (M = 15). The vast majority of participants were White (90%) and cisgender women (92%). The sample was randomly split to conduct both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Factor analysis found good fit for a four-factor structure with 14 items. Each subscale represented a type of TNB-affirming parental behavior: communicating support, affirming language, advocating for their TNB child, and seeking affirming resources. The measure demonstrated invariance with both heterosexual participants and participants with minoritized sexual identities and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. The Trans- and Nonbinary-Affirming Parental Practices measure can be useful in intervention research aimed at increasing TNB-affirming behaviors among parents and caregivers of TNB youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A comparison of current analytical methods for detecting particulate matter and micro/nanoplastics

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly found in all realms of the world, including water and soil. Now, there is growing concern over this type of pollution in the air. Many well-established techniques exist for detecting particulate matter (PM) in the air. They are low-cost and handheld, and some of them even allow direct detection from the air. While various MNP detection methods have been demonstrated, airborne MNP detection methods depend on expensive laboratory instruments. This review paper examines the current analytic methods used to identify PM and MNP and discusses their similarities and differences. PM can be detected directly from the air primarily via light scattering, while direct air detection of MNP has not been demonstrated. Sampling steps allow both PM and MNP to be detected from the air. Since PM detection does not require the type identification of materials, mass detection has been utilized, including gravimetric and microbalance methods. Simple optical detection based on absorbance or reflectance and electrical current measurements have also been used for PM detection. However, MNP detection does require type identification, including plastic vs non-plastic or the type of plastic, requiring more sophisticated methods, including spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Microscopic identification has been utilized for both PM and MNP detection since it can identify the size, morphology, autofluorescence, and spectroscopic properties. Machine learning algorithms can also analyze the microscopic images and spectra to identify the type of PM and MNP. While microscopic identification previously required a bulky benchtop microscope, a portable or even handheld microscope has become available, allowing it to detect MNPs in a portable, low-cost manner.

Securing financial data storage: A review of cybersecurity challenges and solutions

In an era where the digital transformation of the financial sector has become both a boon and a battleground, this paper delves into the intricate dynamics of cybersecurity within financial data storage. With the relentless advancement of technology and the concomitant rise in cyber threats, the safeguarding of financial data emerges as a paramount concern. This study sets out with the aim to dissect the current cybersecurity challenges, scrutinize the effectiveness of existing protective measures, and explore the potential of emerging technologies in fortifying financial data against cyber incursions. Employing a qualitative analysis that draws upon a wide array of scholarly contributions, the paper meticulously evaluates the landscape of cybersecurity threats, regulatory frameworks, and the transformative impact of technological innovations like artificial intelligence on financial data security. The findings reveal a significant gap between the sophistication of cyber threats and the current cybersecurity measures, underscoring the urgent need for financial institutions to adopt more robust and advanced defensive strategies. The study further highlights the critical role of regulatory bodies in shaping a resilient cybersecurity framework that not only addresses current vulnerabilities but is also adaptable to future challenges. Conclusively, the paper advocates for a collaborative approach towards cybersecurity, emphasizing the synergy between financial institutions, technology firms, and regulatory agencies in crafting a secure financial ecosystem. Recommendations include the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, the formulation of dynamic regulatory policies, and the fostering of a culture of continuous learning and adaptation to emerging cyber threats. This comprehensive exploration aims to serve as a beacon for stakeholders in the financial sector, guiding them towards a more secure and trustworthy digital future.

Fuzzy Divergence Measure Based on Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Method for Staff Performance Appraisal

Fuzzy set theory has extensively employed various divergence measure methods to quantify distinctions between two elements. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a generalized divergence measure integrated into the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. Given the inherent uncertainty and ambiguity in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) scenarios, the concept of the fuzzy α-cut is leveraged. This allows experts to establish a broader spectrum of rankings, accommodating fluctuations in their confidence levels. To produce consistent criteria weights with the existence of outliers, the fuzzy Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) is employed. To showcase the viability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a quantitative illustration is provided through a staff performance review. In this context, the findings are compared with other MCDM methodologies, considering correlation coefficients and CPU time. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique aligns with current distance measure approaches, with all correlation coefficient values exceeding 0.9. Notably, the proposed method also boasts the shortest CPU time when compared to alternative divergence measure methodologies. As a result, it becomes evident that the proposed technique yields more sensible and practical results compared to its counterparts in this category.

Design, synthesis and bioactivity of a new class of antifungal amino acid-directed phthalide compounds.

Peanut southern blight disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a destructive soil-borne fungal disease. The current control measures, which mainly employ succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, are prone to resistance and toxicity to non-target organisms. As a result, it is necessary to explore the potential of eco-friendly fungicides for this disease. Fourteen novel phthalide compounds incorporating amino acid moieties were designed and synthesized. The in vitro activity of analog A1 [half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 332.21 mg L-1] was slightly lower than that of polyoxin (EC50 = 284.32 mg L-1). It was observed that on the seventh day, the curative activity of A1 at a concentration of 600.00 mg L-1 was 57.75%, while the curative activity of polyoxin at a concentration of 300.00 mg L-1 was 42.55%. These results suggested that our compound exhibited in vivo activity. Peanut plants treated with A1 showed significant agronomic improvements compared to the untreated control. Several compounds in this series exhibited superior root absorption and conduction in comparison to the endothermic fungicide thifluzamide. The growth promotion and absorption-conduction experiments demonstrated the reason for the superior in vivo activity of the target compound. Cytotoxic assays have demonstrated that this series of targeted compounds exhibit low toxicity levels toward human lo2 liver cells. Our results provide a new strategy for the design and synthesis of novel green compounds. Furthermore, the target compound A1 can serve as a lead for further development of green fungicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ultrafast polarization characterization with Mueller matrix based on optical time-stretch and spectral encoding.

High-speed optical polarization characterization is highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including remote sensing, telecommunication, and medical diagnosis. The utilization of the Mueller matrix provides a superior systematic and comprehensive approach to represent polarization attributes when matter interacts with optical beams. However, the current measurement speed of Mueller matrix is limited to only seconds or milliseconds. In this study, we present an ultrafast Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) technique based on optical time-stretch and spectral encoding that enables us to achieve an impressive temporal resolution of 4.83 nanoseconds for accurate Mueller matrix measurements. The unique feature of optical time-stretch technology enables continuous, ultrafast single-shot spectroscopy, resulting in a remarkable speed of up to 207 MHz for spectral encoding Mueller matrix measurement. We have employed an effective Mueller linear reconstruction algorithm based on the measured modulation matrix, accounting for all potential non-ideal effects of polarization components like retardance error and azimuth error. To ensure high precision, prior to the actual measurement, high-order dispersion induced by time-stretch requires adjustment through proper modulation matrix design. Upon such correction, both the results of static and rapid dynamic samples measurements exhibit exceptional accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) approximately equal to 0.04 and 0.07 respectively. This presented ultrafast MMP provides a significant advance over preceding endeavors, enabling superior accuracy and increased speed concurrently.

Method for early ignition detection based on the sampling dispersion of dangerous parameter

The object of the study is the selective dispersion of dangerous parameters of the gas environment during material fires. The practical importance of research consists in using the difference of sample dispersions of dangerous parameters of the gas environment on the intervals of absence and presence of ignition of materials for detection of ignition. The theoretical substantiation of the method of detecting fires in premises based on sample dispersions of current measurements of an arbitrary dangerous parameter of the gas environment, corresponding to the general populations of reliable absence and presence of fire, has been carried out. The method, at a given level of significance, determines the unbiased uniformly most powerful fire detection rule. This makes it possible to determine how much differences in sample variances are significant with a given level of significance and are caused by ignition or are random factors. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the proposed method. It was established that the influence of ignition on the value of the difference in the sample dispersion at the corresponding intervals of monitoring the carbon monoxide concentration, smoke density, and temperature of the gaseous environment of the laboratory chamber is different and depends on the type of ignition material. At the same time, the minimum difference of the sample dispersions is characteristic for observing the smoke density for all the studied materials. However, early detection of ignition of alcohol, paper, wood, and textiles when observing the smoke density is carried out when the threshold is exceeded by 9.01, 5.31, 2.13 and 2.55 times, respectively. It is shown that the method of early detection of fires, which is based on the detection of significant differences in sample dispersions of data from the relevant general populations

COOL-LAMPS. VI. Lens Model and New Constraints on the Properties of COOL J1241+2219, a Bright z = 5 Lyman Break Galaxy and its z = 1 Cluster Lens

We present a strong lensing analysis of COOL J1241+2219, the brightest known gravitationally lensed galaxy at z ≥ 5, based on new multiband Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data. The lensed galaxy has a redshift of z = 5.043, placing it shortly after the end of the “Epoch of Reionization,” and an AB magnitude z AB = 20.47 mag (Khullar et al.). As such, it serves as a touchstone for future research of that epoch. The high spatial resolution of HST reveals internal structure in the giant arc, from which we identify 15 constraints and construct a robust lens model. We use the lens model to extract the cluster mass and lensing magnification. We find that the mass enclosed within the Einstein radius of the z = 1.001 cluster lens is M(<5.″77)=1.079−0.007+0.023×1013M☉ , significantly lower than other known strong lensing clusters at its redshift. The average magnification of the giant arc is 〈μ arc〉 = 76−20+40 , a factor of 2.4−0.7+1.4 greater than previously estimated from ground-based data; the flux-weighted average magnification is 〈μ arc〉 = 92−31+37 . We update the current measurements of the stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) of the source for the revised magnification to log(M⋆/M⊙)= 9.7 ± 0.3 and SFR = 10.3−4.4+7.0 M ⊙ yr−1, respectively. The powerful lensing magnification acting upon COOL J1241+2219 resolves the source and enables future studies of the properties of its star formation on a clump-by-clump basis. The lensing analysis presented here will support upcoming multiwavelength characterization with HST and JWST data of the stellar mass assembly and physical properties of this high-redshift lensed galaxy.