Current Management Systems Research Articles

A novel thermal management system for lithium-ion battery modules combining direct liquid-cooling with forced air-cooling

The safety, lifespan and performance of lithium-ion battery are closely related to its working temperature. A large amount of heat will be generated inside the battery during working. Therefore, a thermal management system is necessary to cool down the battery. This work develops a novel hybrid battery thermal management system combining direct liquid cooling with forced air cooling. A jacket was designed outside the battery, and the liquid coolant was filled between the battery case and the jacket to form a direct cooling effect. The effects of gap spacing between battery and liquid-cooling jacket, the number of cooling pipelines, liquid flowing rate and fan position on the cooling effects are analyzed by numerical simulations to optimize the design. The findings indicate that the best configuration for the current thermal management system is a 5-mm spacing between the battery and liquid-cooling jacket, a double pipeline liquid-cooling structure, and a horizontal parallel flow of liquid coolant and air. The optimum flow rate of liquid is determined to be 0.002 kg/s, and the air flow rate should be less than 0.4 m/s to save the required energy. The battery thermal management system obtains a good heat dissipation effect at a 4-C discharge rate of batteries. The novelty of the BTMS is that its cooling efficiency is high and can be used to cool the battery pack under high-rate operating conditions. The direct liquid-cooling method has the fire suppression function, which is benefit for the prevention of fires in electric vehicles.

Research Status and Trend Analysis of Environmental and Health Risk and Control of Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic Chemicals

Persistent, mobile, and toxic or very persistent and very mobile (PMT/vPvM) chemicals have been widely detected in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water around the world and are important emerging contaminants that may significantly affect human health and the environment in the future. According to the identification criteria proposed by the European Union, there are thousands of PMT/vPvM substances in existing chemicals, covering a wide range of applications, including dozens of high-yield industrial chemicals such as melamine. PMT/vPvM chemicals can be discharged into the environment through farmland runoff, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage, and sewage treatment plants are currently considered to be their main discharge route. It is difficult to effectively remove PMT/vPvM chemicals through the current conventional water treatment technology; they can exist in the water circulation system of the urban human settlement environment for a long time, endangering the safety of drinking water and the ecosystem. The European Union has taken the lead in introducing PMT/vPvM chemicals specifically into the priority areas of the current chemical risk management system. At present, there are still many potential PMT/vPvM chemicals in the environment, and their monitoring methods need to be further improved. It will take time for the identification of substances, the scope of categories, and the establishment of lists. Studies on the environmental fate and exposure of PMT/vPvM in various regions of the world are still very limited, and research on the potential, long-term ecotoxicity, and human health hazard effects remains scarce. At the same time, the research and development of substitute or alternative technologies, as well as environmental engineering treatment technologies such as sewage treatment and contaminated site remediation, will become an urgent need for future PMT/vPvM risk scientific research and management decisions.

Data-Assisted Prediction of Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Using Physics-Based Models

Bridge management systems are primarily employed to predict the future condition state of deteriorating bridges and plan for the maintenance and repair actions required for them. The deterioration models utilized in the current bridge management systems have been developed using Markov processes, the accuracy of which depends on the transition probabilities generated based on a combination of inspection data and expert elicitation. However, there are notable limitations in both sources of information, including the absence of long-term inspection recordings and the uncertainty in expert opinions. To address such limitations, the main motivation of this research investigation was to incorporate the physics-based models developed for the study of deterioration into the current bridge management systems. Thus, a set of physics-based models were used to generate the transition probabilities required for the Markov processes. The transition probabilities were then trained by the bridge inspection data obtained from eight counties of the state of Florida. The training was performed with (1) bridges in a specific county, (2) bridges in a specific county with a specific environmental condition, and (3) bridges in the entire eight counties with a specific environmental condition and age range. The results revealed that the physics-based models trained with a fraction of inspection data (from a subset of bridges) can predict the condition state of other similar bridges, for which no data was available, with adequate accuracy. The outcome of this study is expected to enhance the capabilities of bridge management systems without requiring a significant investment to overhaul the current bridge inspection process.

Supply Water Quality Assessment in the Sirajganj Municipality, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

In many developing countries, such as Bangladesh, water quality and the risk of water-related diseases are serious public health concerns. The present study's goal was to ascertain the water supply quality and to characterize and analyze its suitability for drinking purposes in the municipal area of Sirajganj Town, Bangladesh. Fifteen water samples were randomly collected from different municipal wards and analyzed for various physicochemical properties, including hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) concentrations. The results were compared with the Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standards. All the physicochemical parameters were found to be within the prescribed permissible limits. The pH values, which ranged from 6.61 to 7.73, were neutral to slightly alkaline. The TH value varied from 204 to 284 mg/L, indicating that the supply water type was hard. Hence, it was suggested that the local water treatment plant should soften the water supply before consumption. In the case of DO and Fe, the DO values varied from 2.0 to 3.9 mg/L, which were far below the levels prescribed by the ECR recommended standards. Fe concentration in some areas exceeded the WHO recommended standards, probably due to the corrosion of old metal pipelines and improper treatment of groundwater before distribution in the supply network. The existing water supply in Sirajganj Municipality was at a satisfactory level, but weaknesses in the current water supply management system were identified, and there was a continuous lack of service provisions. Suggested measures include consistently monitoring water distribution networks, promptly repairing and maintaining overhead and service tanks, establishing database management systems, regulating private investment, adopting advanced technology, ensuring provisions for staff training, and implementing a rights-based approach in water supply production.

A heuristic optimization approach for the scheduling home appliances

In order to develop and execute a demand response (DR) system for a household energy management system, an effective and adaptable energy management architecture is provided in this study. Several issues related to the current home energy management system (HEMS) are among those that do not give their consumers a choice to assure user comfort (UC) or a long-term answer to lowered carbon emissions. Our research suggests a programmable heuristic-based energy management controller (HPEMC) to manage a residential building in order to minimize power costs, reduce carbon emissions, increase UC, and lower the peak-to-average ratio (PAR). In this study, the demand-responsive appliance scheduling problem is solved using an energy management system to reduce the cost and a PAR. Numerous case studies have been used to demonstrate the viability of the suggested method. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method and that it is capable of running a hybrid microgrid in various modes. The findings indicate that the proposed schedule controller saved 25.98% of energy.

The effect of conductive ink alternation on the sustainability and functioning of printed electronics

The demand for printed electronics (PE) is expected to increase for improved functionality and autonomy of products in the context of the Internet of Things, especially for sensing and communication. With this trend, the environmental performance of novel technologies is of growing importance, and researchers are exploring ways to make them more environmentally friendly using bio-based substrates and additive printing methods. Conductive inks have the highest environmental impact in the life cycle of PE, and there are two options to decrease the impact: increase recycling rates or replace commonly used silver inks with less impactful materials such as copper or graphite. With the current mixed waste management system, a higher recycling rate for silver is not achievable. Copper and graphite have a lower environmental impact than silver, however, the electrical conductivity of copper and graphite inks is lower than silver ink. This article introduces a double-parameter comparison to simultaneously assess the environmental and electrical conductivity of PE using three inks of silver, copper, and graphite inks. Then based on the technical feasibility, this study proposes suitable applications for each substrate and ink combination.

UPGRADING HERITAGE URBAN PUBLIC SPACES BY USING RECYCLING WASTE PLASTIC MATERIALS

In low-income countries, population expansion and urbanization bring challenges of inadequate living standards to the fore. Some of the issues could be solved if well-functioning plastic recycling systems were built. To reduce the environmental burden and improve the overall situation in dense cities, the already existing local informal waste treatment system, which is widespread in many low-income nations, needs to be developed with efficient sorting and composting solutions. A case study is carried out in the city of Mina, Lebanon, with the goal of establishing a viable decentralized recycling plastic pavilion material. The effort aims to lessen the climate harm caused by non-recycled waste, improve the quality of life for residents, and enhance the affected locations' aesthetical, educational, and recreational attributes. The concepts were generated according to the resident's needs and to find solutions to the existing problem of the area under study. The goals are based on data and observations about the city, the current waste management system, the stakeholders, the project organization, and any roadblocks. The project's overall work method is known as the Logical Framework Approach. It's a goal-oriented project planning method that relies on disciplined thinking and logical analysis. Literature review, observations, study visits, site analyses, photography, drawing, 3D modeling, and other sub-methods are included in the study. Proposals for plastic pavilions and plastic features for open public spaces in Al Mina are the result of the process. Because the areas have both comparable and dissimilar characteristics, site-specific solutions are required.

Digital forensics analysis based on cybercrime and the study of the rule of law in space governance

Abstract With the rapid development of social informatization, the Internet has become an important channel for global information dissemination. The wireless network space and the real space are intertwined and have a significant impact on the political, economic, and cultural aspects of international society. For example, it can effectively solve the problem of information exchange between cities, regions, and countries. Wireless network crime and wireless network space security issues involve the development of information technology in various countries and, more importantly, involve all aspects of national security. In the age of science and technology, the current situation of cybercrime can be expressed by data as follows: the online crime rate is high. According to relevant statistics, nearly 5 million Internet users are involved in various cases every year due to the use of the Internet. This article starts with the digital forensics of wireless network crime and wireless network security management systems and discusses the composition, characteristics, existing problems, and future development directions of the current wireless network security management system. By comparing the wireless network security laws of China and the United States, using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-Gibbs model and the k-means algorithm to analyze the data, this article provides guidance for future research on wireless network space governance. The combination of digital forensics analysis based on cybercrime and space governance can improve the level of public security work. At present, the world has made some progress in cyberspace, but it still faces severe challenges. In the face of new situations and new measures, it is necessary to strengthen legislation, improve relevant systems, and strengthen supervision capacity. At the same time, it is necessary to establish perfect technical means and safeguards to ensure that this goal can be achieved.

Monitoring and Sceduling of a Bridge Using Primavera: A Review

The primary objective behind the research is to identify the job role of monitoring and controlling the project progress of construction and procure recourse allocation using management tools such as primavera P6. This was accomplished through revising the literature and procedures used in monitoring and control. The study served as a roadmap for analysing construction progress and identifying specific issues that arose during the process. The findings of the study revealed the shortcomings of the current project management system in project execution. A new project management plan is completed that is both efficient and cost-effective. By allocating more resources to project activities, the time cost trade of the project duration can be lowered. However, doing so raises the project's cost. For scheduling a set of project tasks, the critical route method is employed. Primavera software was also used for resource analysis. In this paper presents review of literature related to planning, scheduling of construction project KeyWord: Resource allocation, Resource Levelling, Time cost trade off, primavera, planning and scheduling.

Improving The Supply Chain Management in Indian Agriculture

India plays a significant role in the global agricultural scene. India's agricultural history begins with the Indus Valley Civilization. Despite having a long history, many farmers in this country are going hungry as global corporations profit. The aforementioned issue is probably caused, at least in part, by poor supply chain management. Agricultural equipment, as most people are aware, rapidly ages if not maintained. Although the government offers storage facilities to farmers, the current logistics management system prevents them from knowing where their product is. Businesses find it challenging to track their products throughout transportation without using guessing. Because of this, it's crucial for farmers and decision-makers to monitor the state of their products and carry out routine audits of the manufacturing process. In this study, we suggest adopting blockchain technology to promote complete product transparency and increase communication between producers and consumers. Farmers and government employees that participate in the transit will have access to all the details of the process that are recorded in the blockchain. Additionally, records stored in perpetuity may be accessed for as long as required.

Numerical study on heat dissipation performance of a lithium-ion battery module based on immersion cooling

In order to reduce the maximum temperature and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module, a battery module composed of sixteen 38120-type lithium-ion batteries is directly immersed in mineral oil to investigate the cooling effectiveness under various conditions of battery spacings (1– 5 mm), coolant flow rates (0.05– 0.35 m/s), and discharge rates (1 C, 2 C, 3C) by means of the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics software FLUENT. The simulation model is validated by the experimental data of a single adiabatic bare battery in the literature, and the current battery thermal management system based on immersion cooling can effectively improve the heat dissipation of the battery module. As the battery spacing increases from 1 mm to 5 mm, the maximum temperature rise of the battery module decreases by 29%, and the temperature difference is reduced from 7.2°C to 5.2°C. Although increasing the flow rate up to 0.35 m/s can reduce the temperature rise of the battery to 4.07°C, monotonically increasing pressure drop also imposes restriction on the cooling efficiency of the system. When the flow rate is 0.2 m/s, the temperature difference of the battery module is 4.66°C, which can be maintained within a safe threshold. The maximum temperature rise at 1 C, 2 C and 3 C discharge rates is 2.67°C, 5.41°C and 8.69°C, respectively, which are reduced by 40%, 45% and 38% compared with natural convection. The findings above provide more insights into the oil-immersed battery cooling system, and may stimulate the currently popular BTMSs based on immersion cooling.

A novel assessment framework for evaluation of the current implementation level of water and wastewater management practices

Abstract A sustainable urban water cycle is critical in terms of effective water network management, efficient use of water resources, protection of the environment and human health, and reuse of treated water. The objective of this study is to develop a novel assessment framework that evaluates the data quality of components and current implementation levels of wastewater management (WWM) practices, calculates performance indicators according to the data quality of the components, and proposes the most appropriate improvement methods according to the current status of the components. This assessment framework consists of five matrices, namely the current situation analysis and management system (CSAS), data matrix (DATA), performance assessment system (PAAS), target definition system (TARGET), and method matrix (TOOL). The current situation is analyzed with a total of 231 components under 11 main headings covering WWM practices. The assessment framework was tested in pilot utilities and the results were discussed. It is observed that the scores of utility I were generally better than those of utilities II and III. The novelty of this assessment framework is to evaluate the current situation of WWM practices with a unique scoring system, to define the weaknesses and strengths in WWM, and to present a roadmap for improvement according to the current situation.

디지털 치료기기의 특성과 약사의 역할

The fourth industrial revolution and the development of digital technology have had a significant impact on activation and actual use of digital therapeutics (DTx), a new concept of treatment in the medical field. This study aims to understand the current regulation system and limitations of DTx management and try to investigate the roles of pharmacists. The research was conducted by reviewing and examining of documents presented by the FDA on DTx. As a result, the FDA recommends that most DTx on the market play a role in parallel with existing medication therapy. However, there are insufficient counseling guidelines or policy systems to properly guide the use of DTx. Therefore, for safe and effective use of DTx, pharmacists also need to be interested in DTx and involved in the development of DTx, related policies, and establishment and updating of them.

Sistem Informasi Pajak Reklame Menerapkan Metode Prototype

The Advertising Tax Information System is a system developed to assist the Palembang City Regional Tax Management Agency in managing advertisement tax data and information. This study aims to overcome the problems that exist in the current advertisement tax management system, where the advertisement tax payment process is still manual and inefficient, and difficulties in tracking advertisement tax payments and ensuring that all payments are made on time, therefore it takes a system that can control it all using information technology. Through this system, billboard tax payments can be made online and tax data can be managed more efficiently and accurately. This research uses a system development method using a prototype and is complemented by system analysis and design. The result of this research is a billboard tax information system that is able to simplify the payment process and tax data management, and has succeeded in increasing the accuracy of billboard tax data by 25%, from 80% to 95%. This system is expected to provide benefits for the Palembang City Regional Tax Management Agency and taxpayers in terms of time and cost efficiency which can make it easier for taxpayers, admins, and leaders to properly carry out registration, reporting, extension, and closing advertisement taxes

An ISM and AHP-Based Analysis of Barriers to Healthcare 4.0

Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) is the term corresponding to Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Like other industries, the healthcare industry has also gone through several technological changes and got nourished with them. The health care system of many countries is not mature enough to swiftly transform from its current state to the H4.0 state. Even the matured healthcare systems are facing several challenges while adopting H4.0 practices. The implementation of H4.0 has many challenges (or barriers) to be overcome. This paper has attempted to understand and analyze the challenges that the current Indian hospital management system faces while implementing H4.0. This study uses an integrated approach to the decision-making process to understand the importance of these barriers from the perspective of the Indian health care system. With the help of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis, the paper has mapped the importance of barriers which need to be overcome for to make implementation of H4.0 possible.

A conceptual framework for sustainable waste management in small municipalities: the cases of Langebaan, South Africa and Swakopmund, Namibia

Municipal waste management is a major challenge for local governments in South Africa and Namibia, as in other developing countries. The circular economy concept in waste management is an alternative sustainable development framework that has the potential to combat resource depletion, pollution, and poverty while achieving the SDGs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current waste management systems in Langebaan and Swakopmund municipalities resulting from municipal policies, procedures, and practices in the context of a circular economy. A mixed method approach was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data through structured in-depth interviews, document analyses, and direct observation. The study found that the Langebaan and Swakopmund municipalities have not yet fully implemented the circular economy concept into their waste management systems. A mix of waste consisting of papers, plastics, cans, tyres, and organic products is dumped into landfills weekly at a rate of about 85%. The main challenges to implementing the circular economy concept include: lack of technical solutions, inadequate regulatory frameworks, insufficient financial resources, lack of private sector involvement, insufficient human resource capacity, and inadequate information and knowledge. A conceptual framework was therefore proposed to guide the municipalities of Langebaan and Swakopmund in implementing the circular economy concept in their waste management systems.

Presence of Foodborne Bacteria in Wild Boar and Wild Boar Meat-A Literature Survey for the Period 2012-2022.

The wild boar is an abundant game species with high reproduction rates. The management of the wild boar population by hunting contributes to the meat supply and can help to avoid a spillover of transmissible animal diseases to domestic pigs, thus compromising food security. By the same token, wild boar can carry foodborne zoonotic pathogens, impacting food safety. We reviewed literature from 2012-2022 on biological hazards, which are considered in European Union legislation and in international standards on animal health. We identified 15 viral, 10 bacterial, and 5 parasitic agents and selected those nine bacteria that are zoonotic and can be transmitted to humans via food. The prevalence of Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica on muscle surfaces or in muscle tissues of wild boar varied from 0 to ca. 70%. One experimental study reported the transmission and survival of Mycobacterium on wild boar meat. Brucella, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacteria have been isolated from the liver and spleen. For Brucella, studies stressed the occupational exposure risk, but no indication of meat-borne transmission was evident. Furthermore, the transmission of C. burnetii is most likely via vectors (i.e., ticks). In the absence of more detailed data for the European Union, it is advisable to focus on the efficacy of current game meat inspection and food safety management systems.

INFLUENCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

This research scrutinized the impacts of waste management systems on environmental health and socio-economic development in the Yaba Local Council Development Area (LCDA), Lagos, employing a sample survey as the research design. The study included 800 respondents from the public residing within the targeted area, yielding a representative sample size of 227 as determined by the Yamane formula. Stratified sampling was used to assess respondents that were readily accessible and amenable to participation. The data were gathered via structured questionnaires and subsequently evaluated through Frequency Tables and Percentages. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Statistical method was employed for hypotheses testing. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the current waste management system in Yaba LCDA and employment opportunities. Likewise, there was a noted relationship between waste collection methodologies in Yaba LCDA and the economic opportunities for residents. Moreover, a relationship between the challenges confronting waste collection and management in Yaba LCDA and environmental sanitation was also observed. The study proposes several recommendations. First, the necessity for establishing and enforcing robust waste management legislation to streamline the current waste management system in Lagos State. Secondly, continued public education campaigns are necessary to underline the benefits of efficient waste management for environmental and societal health. Additionally, remuneration for Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) staff needs to be fair and sufficient to ensure their dedication to their work. Finally, the Lagos State government should furnish modern equipment, suitable vehicles, and waste disposal tools to support LAWMA and Private Sector Participants (PSP) officials in waste collection efforts.

PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION AND PERCEPTIONS IN THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MANGALORE CITY CORPORATION, KARNATAKA, INDIA

The alarming increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and its complex characteristics pose a significant threat to people and the environment worldwide. The success of solid waste management (SWM) depends on the involvement and active participation of all stakeholders, and in particular, the people in households play a vital role. The primary objective of this paper is to assess awareness, perception, and participation and suggest how an effective SWM can be achieved. Hence, the article aims to present the participation and perceptions of people with regard to the current Municipal Solid Waste Management System (MSWMS) in Mangalore City Corporation, Karnataka State, India. The feedback from 410 people from various households was collected based on gender, age, income, education status, etc. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze these datasets. The study shows that there is variation in the participation of people in all wards, and in some wards it is not satisfactory. It identifies areas where participation is lacking and highlights a potential gap between public perception and the actual state of waste management. The study suggests the need for administrative improvements and strategies based on public feedback to enhance the solid waste management system.

Value Chain Analysis of Rice Industry by Products in a Circular Economy Context: A Review

The quantity of organic waste generated by agricultural sectors is continually increasing due to population growth and rising food demand. Rice is the primary consumable food in Asia. However, many stakeholders follow a linear economic model such as the “take–make–waste” concept. This linear model leads to a substantial environmental burden and the destruction of valuable resources without gaining their actual value. Because these by-products can be converted into energy generating and storage materials, and into bio-based products by cascading transformation processes within the circular economy concept, waste should be considered a central material. This review examines the composition of rice straw, bran, and husks, and the procedures involved in manufacturing value-added goods, from these wastes. Moreover, starting with an extensive literature analysis on the rice value chains, this work systematizes and displays a variety of strategies for using these by-products. The future development of agricultural waste management is desirable to capitalize on the multi-functional product by circulating all the by-products in the economy. According to the analysis of relevant research, rice straw has considerable potential as a renewable energy source. However, there is a significant research gap in using rice bran as an energy storage material. Additionally, modified rice husk has increased its promise as an adsorbent in the bio-based water treatment industry. Furthermore, the case study of Sri Lanka revealed that developing countries have a huge potential to value these by-products in various sectors of the economy. Finally, this paper provides suggestions for researchers and policymakers to improve the current agriculture waste management system with the best option and integrated approach for economic sustainability and eco- and environmental solution, considering some case studies to develop sustainable waste management processes.