Current Intentions Research Articles

STABC-IR: An air target intention recognition method based on bidirectional gated recurrent unit and conditional random field with space-time attention mechanism

The battlefield environment is changing rapidly, and fast and accurate identification of the tactical intention of enemy targets is an important condition for gaining a decision-making advantage. The current Intention Recognition (IR) method for air targets has shortcomings in temporality, interpretability and back-and-forth dependency of intentions. To address these problems, this paper designs a novel air target intention recognition method named STABC-IR, which is based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) with Space-Time Attention mechanism (STA). First, the problem of intention recognition of air targets is described and analyzed in detail. Then, a temporal network based on BiGRU is constructed to achieve the temporal requirement. Subsequently, STA is proposed to focus on the key parts of the features and timing information to meet certain interpretability requirements while strengthening the timing requirements. Finally, an intention transformation network based on CRF is proposed to solve the back-and-forth dependency and transformation problem by jointly modeling the tactical intention of the target at each moment. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the jointly trained STABC-IR model can reach 95.7%, which is higher than other latest intention recognition methods. STABC-IR solves the problem of intention transformation for the first time and considers both temporality and interpretability, which is important for improving the tactical intention recognition capability and has reference value for the construction of command and control auxiliary decision-making system.

Reflecting on physical activity across 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: Predictors of intention-behavior profiles.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how many people engage in regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this study was to predict current and dynamic (across 2 years of the pandemic) intention and MVPA profiles using the multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework. A representative sample of 977 English-speaking Canadians (18 + years) completed measures of reflective (instrumental attitude, affective attitude, perceived capability, and opportunity), regulatory (planning and self-monitoring), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes, intention, and MVPA. These measures included current assessments and reflections prior to the COVID-19 restrictions. Three current intention-behavior profiles (nonintenders, unsuccessful intenders, and successful intenders) and five dynamic intention-MVPA by prepandemic MVPA profiles (consistent nonintenders, relapsed nonintenders, consistent unsuccessful intenders, relapsed unsuccessful intenders, and consistent successful intenders) emerged from these data, showing few increased MVPA across the pandemic. The current and dynamic profiles were subsequently predicted by changes in specific reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes across the pandemic; however, only change in identity was the critical predictor of successful MVPA engagement in the dynamic 2-year MVPA profiles. Collectively, the findings support the joint promotion of reflective, regulatory, and reflexive processes in the choice of behavior change techniques to promote postpandemic MVPA intention and behavior.

Work Stressors and Intention to Leave the Current Workplace and Profession: The Mediating Role of Negative Affect at Work.

The first aim of this study was to determine whether organisational constraints, interpersonal conflicts at work, workload and negative affect at work have a positive relationship with intention to leave a current job or profession. The second aim was to investigate whether negative affect at work mediates the relationship between work stressors and intention to leave a current job or profession. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional design in nature. Data were collected between March and April 2022. The sample consisted of 306 midwives working in the Polish public health service. The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modelling. The results confirmed positive direct relationships between workload and negative affect with intention to leave the current workplace and intention to leave the midwifery profession in general. The relationships between organisational constraints and interpersonal conflicts at work and intention to leave a job or profession were found to be completely mediated by negative affect at work. Our study revealed that workload is the strongest direct predictor of intention to leave the current job or profession. Organisational constraints and interpersonal conflicts at work lead to an intention to leave a job or profession by inducing negative affect at work. Interpersonal conflicts at work are the strongest predictor of negative affect at work.

Beyond Purchase Intentions: Mining Behavioral Intentions of Social-Network Users

Advertisers, recommendation-system designers, and public-health campaigners are investing heavily in online targeting, focusing intently on social-network platforms because of their ability to identify unique subpopulations according to the users’ traits. A particularly informative trait is current behavioral intentions, which provide solid information about users’ future behaviors; yet, the ability to infer such intentions constitutes a significant risk to users’ privacy. An important task is therefore understanding to what extent we can infer behavioral intentions of social-network users solely using publicly-available data. In this article, we formulate intention inference as a time-series classification task and design novel Bayesian-network models that can capture the dynamically evolving nature of the human decision-making process by combining data and priors from multiple domains. We then extend our models to the more general case of attribute inference in the presence of scarce labeled data by introducing a new semi-supervised approach to user-modeling in social networks. We evaluate the performance of our models when used for the inference of five behavioral intentions using temporal, real-world social-network data.

Vaccine Literacy, Covid-19 and influenza: a cross-sectional survey in Prato in the 2nd pandemic wave

Abstract Covid-19 is a pandemic and an infodemic, with contrasting information regarding risk and preventive measures, including vaccination. This study aims to assess Vaccine Literacy (VL) of a sample of workers in the province of Prato (Tuscany, Italy) in the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic (November-December 2020) and to analyze the relationship between VL and attitudes about Covid-19 and flu vaccination. A cross-sectional design was adopted. Sociodemographic characteristics, health information, vaccination behaviour for past and current flu season and intention to get vaccinated against Covid-19 were collected. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of getting a Covid-19/flu vaccination. The Italian Health Literacy tool on Vaccination (HLVa-IT) tool was used to measure VL. A total of 117 questionnaires were analyzed. Among them, 64.9% intended to get Covid-19 vaccine. The mean VL was 3.18 ± 0.43 (functional 2.87 ± 0.72; interactive-critical 3.36 ± 0.45) out of 4. Having more than one comorbidity was a negative predictor of intention to get Covid-19 vaccine (OR: 0.21 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.91). Regarding the flu vaccine, being vaccinated in the previous season was the only positive predictor of being vaccinated in the current season (OR = 24.25 95%CI 7.96 - 87.73). The study was conducted before the authorization of Covid-19 vaccines: little information about them may have contributed to VL not being related to the intention to get vaccination. The negative role of comorbidities could be due to fear of adverse effects on fragile health status. For flu vaccination, VL may have exerted a lower impact because of the positive experience with the flu vaccine in terms of safety and effectiveness in the previous seasons. Key messages • The introduction of new vaccines should be supported by effective communication. • Better knowledge of current vaccines and not just routine administration is desirable for greater personal empowerment.

Supplemental Material for Current Health Care Experiences, Medical Trust, and COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Uptake in Black and White Americans

Supplemental Material for Current Health Care Experiences, Medical Trust, and COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Uptake in Black and White Americans

Human-object integrated assembly intention recognition for context-aware human-robot collaborative assembly

Human-robot collaborative (HRC) assembly combines the advantages of robot's operation consistency with human's cognitive ability and adaptivity, which provides an efficient and flexible way for complex assembly tasks. In the process of HRC assembly, the robot needs to understand the operator's intention accurately to assist the collaborative assembly tasks. At present, operator intention recognition considering context information such as assembly objects in a complex environment remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a human-object integrated approach for context-aware assembly intention recognition in the HRC, which integrates the recognition of assembly actions and assembly parts to improve the accuracy of the operator's intention recognition. Specifically, considering the real-time requirements of HRC assembly, spatial-temporal graph convolutional networks (ST-GCN) model based on skeleton features is utilized to recognize the assembly action to reduce unnecessary redundant information. Considering the disorder and occlusion of assembly parts, an improved YOLOX model is proposed to improve the focusing capability of network structure on the assembly parts that are difficult to recognize. Afterwards, taking decelerator assembly tasks as an example, a rule-based reasoning method that contains the recognition information of assembly actions and assembly parts is designed to recognize the current assembly intention. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach for recognizing human intentions are verified. The integration of assembly action recognition and assembly part recognition can facilitate the accurate operator's intention recognition in the complex and flexible HRC assembly environment.

Strategies to increase the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: Findings from a nationally representative survey of US adults, October 2020 to October 2021

ObjectivesWe examined COVID-19 vaccination status, intention, and hesitancy and the effects of five strategies to increase the willingness of unvaccinated adults (≥18 years) to get a COVID vaccine. MethodsOnline surveys were conducted between October 1–17, 2020 (N = 14,946), December 4–16, 2020 (N = 15,229), April 8–22, 2021 (N = 14,557), June 17-July 6, 2021 (N = 30,857), and September 3-October 4, 2021 (N = 33,088) with an internet-based, non-probability opt-in sample of U.S. adults matching demographic quotas. Respondents were asked about current COVID-19 vaccination status, intention and hesitancy to get vaccinated, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Unvaccinated respondents were assigned to treatment groups to test the effect of five strategies (endorsements, changing social restrictions, financial incentives, vaccine requirements for certain activities, and vaccine requirements for work). Chi-square tests of independence were performed to detect differences in the response distributions. ResultsWillingness to be vaccinated (defined as being vaccinated or planning to be) increased over time from 47.6 % in October 2020 to 81.1 % in October 2021. By October 2021, across most demographic groups, over 75 % of survey respondents had been or planned to be vaccinated. In terms of strategies: (1) endorsements had no positive effect, (2) relaxing the need for masks and social distancing increased Intention to Get Vaccinated (IGV) by 6.4 % (p < 0.01), (3) offering financial incentives increased the IGV between 12.3 and 18.9 % (p <.001), (4) vaccine requirements for attending sporting events or traveling increased IGV by 7.8 % and 9.1 %, respectively (p = 0.02), and vaccine requirement for work increased IGV by 35.4 %. The leading causes (not mutually exclusive) for hesitancy were concerns regarding vaccine safety (52.5 %) or side effects (51.6 %), trust in the government’s motives (41.0 %), and concerns about vaccine effectiveness (37.6 %). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that multiple strategies may be effective and needed to increase COVID-19 vaccination among hesitant adults during the pandemic.

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CONSUMERS’ INTENTION TO PURCHASE HALAL FOOD AMONG GEN Z IN MALAYSIA

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that provides insights and aids in understanding the factors that influence consumers’ intention to purchase halal food among Gen Z in Malaysia. This concept paper explains the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control towards purchase intention on halal food among Gen Z in Malaysia. Based on an extensive literature review, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship and relevant insights on its development. The study uses a descriptive research approach in order to gain fruitful insights as well as to explain the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control that influence purchase intention on halal food among Gen Z in Malaysia. A structured questionnaire will be given to the respondents in assessing their purchase intention on halal food. The results of this study discovered the importance of consumers’ purchase intention of halal food products. It is hoped that this paper would serve as a reference to Malaysian Statutory bodies and halal food industry specifically on the current purchase intention of halal food among Malaysia’s Gen Z. Keywords: Attitude; Gen Z; Purchase Intention; Perceived Behavioural Control; Subjective Norms

452 A National Survey of UK Foundation Trainee's Perceptions of Surgical Skills in the Foundation Training Programme

Abstract Aim Attention to surgical skills development of UK foundation trainees within the UK foundation training programme appears to be neglected. This study aimed to ascertain junior doctors’ perceptions of surgical skills within the foundation training programme, irrespective of their future career intentions. Method An online survey generated using SurveyMonkey was distributed to all 18 UK foundation training schools. This survey assessed foundation trainees’ surgical skills experience in medical school, current career intentions, confidence at basic surgical skills and perceptions of the level of surgical skills training within the foundation programme. Results A total of 245 responses were collected. Career intentions amongst foundation trainee respondents was evenly distributed with 39.6% aiming for a career in surgery, 41.6% opting for a non-surgical career and 18.8% of participants were undecided on their future career path. Trainees felt that they did not have adequate exposure to surgical skills (4.5, Likert scale 1–10) and did not have adequate exposure to specialty specific skills within the foundation training programme (3.3, Likert scale 1–10). On average, 75% of participants believed further exposure to surgical skills training would be beneficial to their professional development. Furthermore, 67% believed that surgical skills should be incorporated in the core competencies for the foundation training programme. Conclusions Our study shows that foundation trainees feel that there is a lack of adequate exposure to surgical skills within the foundation programme. Foundation trainees feel change is required to help improve competency in basic surgical skills and as an extension increase interest in a surgical career.

Unified Intention Inference and Learning for Human–Robot Cooperative Assembly

Collaborative robots are widely utilized in intelligent manufacturing to cooperate with the human to accomplish different assembly tasks. To improve the efficiency of human–robot cooperation, robots should be able to recognize human intentions and provide necessary assistance proactively. The major challenge for current human intention recognition methods is that they only deal with known human intentions of predefined tasks and lack of ability to learn unknown intentions corresponding to new tasks. This article introduces an evolving hidden Markov model (EHMM)-based approach to learn new human intentions incrementally by carrying out structure and parameter updating based on the observed sequence, in parallel with the recognition. The incremental learning ability makes it applicable in dynamic environments with changing tasks. A set of assistive execution policies has been developed for the robot to provide appropriate assistance to the human partner based on the intention recognition results in real time. Experiments have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of our approach in human–robot cooperative assembly tasks. The results show very high recognition accuracy (≥95.45%), and the human subjects show their high satisfaction with the intention learning ability of the proposed approach. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —This article aims to effectively improve the productivity of human–robot cooperation by exploiting human adaptability and robot repeatability. Smooth cooperation requires the peer robot to provide proactive assistance to humans by inferring human intention after training. Moreover, the robot should also be able to learn untrained intentions online by human demonstrations. This is made possible by our proposed evolving hidden Markov model (EHMM) that unifies intention inference and incremental learning. Simplified cooperative assembly tasks have been designed to verify the proposed unified intention inference and learning model. A robotic assembly platform has been introduced to integrate the proposed EHMM with a perception module and a collaborative manipulation module. We have demonstrated, through experiments and surveys, that the proposed approach can promote efficacy and acceptance of human–robot cooperative assembly.

The emergence of affordances of artifacts as a process of knowledge accumulation (on the example of weapons)

Aim to determine the typology of weapons and to substantiate the need to assess the degree of destructive impact of the affordances of artifacts used as weapons on the surrounding objects and society as a whole. The Michael Cole's theory was used as the methodological basis of the study, which has a great applicative potential and allows you to give an object a comprehensive description. An "artifact" is a material man-made object produced in the process of creative transformation and intended for a specific purpose. The term "affordance", introduced by James Gibson, is interpreted as a "potential opportunity" for a detailed analysis of all possible options for the use of an artefact, depending on the person's current intentions. The author considers the process of active cognitive activity of the subject resulting in the invention of new functions of material objects from the standpoint of epistemological realism. The existing classification of weapons, from the point of view of the process of meaning formation, does not fully reveal all the features of its creation and functions laid down at the stages of design and production. The article presents the original typology of weapons based on the analysis of the stages of the evolution of mankind, the change in scientific representation of the world and the types of scientific rationality. The strict legislative regulation of the trade, production, acquisition, carrying and use of certain types of weapons pushes people, in cases of a threat to their life and health, to use ordinary household items as means of protection. Under these conditions, there is a need to revise existing approaches and methods for examination and evaluation of artefacts created by people that allow their use as a weapon.

A Systematic Review of hospitality and tourism management students’ career intentions

Students' career intentions determine the need for hospitality and tourism management (HTM) programs. This paper aims to systematically review the literature on HTM students' career intentions and to uncover trends in associated research and specific publications. Text analysis reveals three topics: HTM students' current career intentions, factors affecting these intentions, and HTM students' entrepreneurial intentions. Most studies were quantitative with research objectives involving bachelor students. Results suggest that the HTM education system must clarify and standardize its career values. More qualitative and comparative studies are needed to better understand students' career intentions, address additional research objectives, and consider macro-environmental factors to predict students’ career intentions.

The Role of Knowledge, Emotion, and Intention in Influencing Students’ Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to investigate the influence of students’ knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention on their behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey study was designed using an online questionnaire involving 653 respondents from the first to final-year students at a Malaysian university. A CACQ-COV instrument was designed based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model, comprising 67 items in four constructs: students’ knowledge of the current pandemic, emotional engagement, behavioral intention, and behavioral action. The results show that the students learn most about the COVID-19 pandemic from the media and the internet platform; more than 50% of the students rated the television broadcast as the most trusted media. The mean scores of the students’ knowledge about COVID-19 facts and symptoms; emotion, intention, and action are at high levels. In addition, knowledge, emotion, and behavioral intention have significantly influenced the students’ behaviors and actions; it is noted that emotion has the greatest influence compared with knowledge and behavioral intention. The implication is that television broadcast should be the primary choice of media for carrying out future mass campaigns, in preference to social media, especially for announcing urgent matters and disseminating information related to the current issues.

Experimental Verification of Method to Estimate Operating Intention for Leader-Follower Robot

A leader-follower robot that maintains the safety of operator by remote control is effective for in extreme environments. The follower robot needs to respond to the motion of the operator, but it is also necessary to estimate the operation intention in order to maintain safety. In this research, during operation under several situations, the current operation intention is estimated from sensory input and the history of operation intention. In addition, the operation target value is determined by the operation intention for the controlling of the follower robot’s motion and some sensors’ values. That the operation target values can be calculated is verified by simulated experiments.

Comparing belief in short-term versus long-term consequences of smoking and vaping as predictors of non-use in a 3-year nationally representative survey study of US youth

IntroductionEfforts to prevent youth tobacco use are critical to reducing smoking-related deaths in the USA. Anti-tobacco messaging often focuses on the severe long-term consequences of smoking (eg, fatal lung disease,...

Consumer Perception, Consumption Preference and Purchase Intention of Geographical Indicated Agricultural Products: a Survey from China

The consumption preference of consumers for agricultural products with geographical indications is the basis of their purchasing behavior, and the consumer's consumption preference will also have a direct impact on the behavior of producers and operators of agricultural products with geographical indications. From the perspective of consumers, based on the data collected from online random questionnaire survey of Chinese consumers, this paper analyzes the current consumers' cognition, consumption preference and consumption intention of agricultural products with geographical indications. The findings of this study are beneficial to the production and sales of agricultural products with geographical indications. Producers should pay attention to strengthen consumers' cognition of agricultural products with geographical indications, enhance consumers' sense of recognition of the quality of agricultural products with geographical indications, and implement targeted marketing strategies according to consumers' preferences. At the same time, the relevant regulatory departments of the government should create a good external environment for the branding and dissemination of agricultural products with geographical indications.

Survey about Intention to Engage in Specific Disaster Activities among Disaster Medical Assistance Team Members.

Different disaster activities should be performed smoothly. In relation to this, human resources for disaster activities must be secured. To achieve a stable supply of human resources, it is essential to improve the intentions of individuals responding to each type of disaster. However, the current intention of Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members has not yet been assessed. To facilitate a smooth disaster response, this survey aimed to assess the intention to engage in each type of disaster activity among DMAT members. An anonymous web questionnaire survey was conducted. Japanese DMAT members in the nuclear disaster-affected area (Group A; n = 79) and the non-affected area (Group N; n = 99) were included in the analysis. The outcome was the answer to the following question: "Will you actively engage in activities during natural, human-made, and chemical (C), biological (B), radiological/nuclear (R/N), and explosive (E) (CBRNE) disasters?" Then, questionnaire responses were compared according to disaster type. The intention to engage in C (50), B (47), R/N (58), and E (52) disasters was significantly lower than that in natural (82) and human-made (82) disasters (P <.001). The intention to engage in CBRNE disasters among younger participants (age ≤39 years) was significantly higher in Group A than in Group N. By contrast, the intention to engage in R/N disasters alone among older participants (age ≥40 years) was higher in Group A than in Group N. However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of intention to engage in C, B, and E disasters. Moreover, the intention to engage in all disasters between younger and older participants in Group A did not differ. In Group N, older participants had a significantly higher intention to engage in B and R/N disasters. Experience with a specific type of calamity at a young age may improve intention to engage in not only disasters encountered, but also other types. In addition, the intention to engage in CBRNE disasters improved with age in the non-experienced population. To respond smoothly to specific disasters in the future, measures must be taken to improve the intention to engage in CBRNE disasters among DMAT members.

Team Standing’s Influence on Throwback and Current Team Apparel Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Role of Power Distance Belief

Despite the popularity of throwback apparel, few extant studies have investigated factors that differentially affect throwback and current apparel preferences. In this study, we suggest that the negative effects of poor team performance are especially relevant to low power distance belief fans and that throwback apparel is more resilient to these negative effects due to its nostalgic nature. Thus, the current study investigated the interplay between sport team ranking and power distance belief in shaping NBA fans’ preferences for current and throwback apparel. This study utilized a moderated moderation analysis of team ranking, product type (throwback vs. current team apparel), and power distance belief on purchase intentions. Data was collected from 401 NBA fans via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Findings suggest that, first, team ranking significantly influenced fans’ purchase intentions in general (i.e. both throwback and current apparel). Second, there was a significant interaction effect between team ranking and product type such that lower team rankings negatively influenced only current apparel and not throwback apparel. Third, high power distance belief was positively associated with purchase intentions of both throwback and current apparel. Finally, the three-way interaction effect was significant. Specifically, the two-way interaction between team ranking and product type was found to be significant only for low power distance belief fans and not high power distance belief fans.

Organ Donation: With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility

Spain is a world leader in donation and transplantation. This model has been exported to other countries with favorable results. The objective of this study was to compare the actual donation intention rate with the effective donation figures, and analyze the main reasons whyfamilies declineorgandonation. To estimate the current donation intention, we conducted 1065 surveys in March 2019, and to calculate effective donation figures in our hospital, we analyzed 1158 interviews conducted with relatives of potential organ donors between 1996 and 2018. Regarding the surveys to estimate donation intention, the mean (standard deviation) age was 51.6 (17-91) years. A total of 58% were women, 26% were health care professionals, and 5.1% were transplant recipients; 89.4% would donate their organs. In the multivariate analysis, having expressed the desire to donate to their family was independently related to the intention to donate (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-5.2; P < .001). Regarding the interviews with relatives of potential donors, 79.4% were finally effective donors. The belief that the possible donor would have rejected the organ donation stands out among the causes of decline. However, only one-half of those surveyed expressed the wish to be a donor to their relatives. In the temporal evolution, a greater acceptance of donation is observed in the first period with a reduction over the last years (P > .001). It is our responsibility to improve transplantation rates because our model has shown to save lives and it is a role model for other nations, promoting information activities that encourage greater discussion oforgan donation within families.