The author sets the task of answering questions from public administration regarding the effectiveness of the functioning of industrial clusters in Russian regions as part of the implementation of the tasks of the current industrial policy of Russia. To do this, the author evaluates the connection between the key specializations of industrial clusters included in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and the industry specializations of the regions in which these clusters are located. The work analyzes the specializations of industrial clusters, production dynamics, current industry specializations of regions, specializations of regions that emerged in the period from 2005 to 2015. The analysis allows us to assess the influence of regional industrial specializations on the initial formation and subsequent implementation of the current industrial policy of Russia. It is shown that the lack of connection between the specialization of industrial clusters and the sectoral specializations of the region leads to lower rates of cluster production. For higher production rates, connectivity is essential. It has been empirically established that state-supported industrial clusters are often not based on the sectoral structure of their regions, and changes in specialization industries are not taken into account when creating them. The results of the study indicate that when forming the current industrial policy, the issue of connectivity between the specializations of industrial clusters and the industrial specializations of the regions was probably not considered, and the ongoing structural changes in the regions were not taken into account. The author has formulated recommendations for clarifying the requirements for providing state support for industrial clusters and subsidizing their participants in order to achieve a synergistic effect in the development of clusters and economic specializations of the regions.