Current Generation Of Devices Research Articles

Real-time Image Generation for Compressive Light Field Displays

With the invention of integral imaging and parallax barriers in the beginning of the 20th century, glasses-free 3D displays have become feasible. Only today—more than a century later—glasses-free 3D displays are finally emerging in the consumer market. The technologies being employed in current-generation devices, however, are fundamentally the same as what was invented 100 years ago. With rapid advances in optical fabrication, digital processing power, and computational perception, a new generation of display technology is emerging: compressive displays exploring the co-design of optical elements and computational processing while taking particular characteristics of the human visual system into account. In this paper, we discuss real-time implementation strategies for emerging compressive light field displays. We consider displays composed of multiple stacked layers of light-attenuating or polarization-rotating layers, such as LCDs. The involved image generation requires iterative tomographic image synthesis. We demonstrate that, for the case of light field display, computed tomographic light field synthesis maps well to operations included in the standard graphics pipeline, facilitating efficient GPU-based implementations with real-time framerates.

Design of the Shape of Blade of the Semi-Submersible Ocean Current Power Generation Device Based on Fluent

The semi-submersible ocean current power generation device is a new power generation device which can absorb the energy of marine currents. The shape of blade determines the absorbing efficiency which is one of the core technologies. To get force status of the different shape of the blade under the currents by using Fluent software simulate these blades. Then analyze the impacts of the blade shape on the power generation efficiency, the simulation results provide guidance for the design of the actual blades.

New Flip-Chip Interconnect Technology for High Performance and High Reliability Applications

As the current and next generation devices are embracing geometries below 28nm and requiring softer low-K dielectric isolation on very thin large silicon dies ∼ to perform a reliable die-to-package interconnect is becoming a challenge. Further, the high pressure from Cu wire bonding and high reflow temperature of conventional flip-chip bonding often results in damage of device structure. A new flip-chip bonding technology has been developed for such critical applications, and is claimed to be “damage free”. It uses soft bump made by non-full cured conductive paste on the package substrate. These soft bumps require ultra-low bonding pressure on the pad of the die. Thus the bonding process don't make any damage on ULK isolation layer. Details of the process, material sets used for such fragile device structures have been discussed. Reliability results are shared, which further ensures the robustness of this process. Finally, the cost advantage through adaptation of this process has also been elaborated.

Antiresonance induced spin-polarized current generation

According to the one-dimensional antiresonance effect (Wang X R, Wang Y and Sun Z Z 2003 Phys. Rev. B 65 193402), we propose a possible spin-polarized current generation device. Our proposed model consists of one chain and an impurity coupling to the chain. The energy level of the impurity can be occupied by an electron with a specific spin, and the electron with such a spin is blocked because of the antiresonance effect. Based on this phenomenon our model can generate the spin-polarized current flowing through the chain due to different polarization rates. On the other hand, the device can also be used to measure the generated spin accumulation. Our model is feasible with today's technology.

Electronic apex locators

Success or failure of endodontic treatment depends, among other parameters, on an accurate determination of the working length. Electronic apex locators (EALs) are a routinely used procedure in endodontic practice; yet their accuracy has been reported to vary from 35% to 100%. The operating systems of the EALs (frequency or impedance quotient) and different investigative methodologies explain the higher accuracy obtained with the current generation of devices. It is difficult to draw conclusions on the basis of the results obtained with the new generation EALs because of research variables that can influence the results.

Transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve implantation: The dream has become a reality

Transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve implantation: The dream has become a reality

Defibrillation threshold testing at implantation: can we predict the patient with a high defibrillation threshold?

Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing is an integral part of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. The primary functions of defibrillation assessment are to confirm appropriate sensing of ventricular fibrillation and to establish an adequate safety margin for defibrillation. However, recent publications question the necessity of DFT testing during implantation, quoting the effectiveness of the current generation of devices and the rate of complications associated with testing.1–3 The recently published Canadian experience of 19 067 ICD implantations revealed eight serious testing-related complications (three deaths and five strokes), indicating an incidence of 0.042%.4 Accordingly, the risk of severe testing-related complications appears to be negligible. Over the years, defibrillator and lead technology has advanced. Current ICD systems use one or two intracavitary defibrillation coils, biphasic waveforms, and active can technology. These systems provide a mean DFT of 8–10 J with the maximum output of current devices typically 35–40 J. Thus, the remaining question is: do we still encounter patients with a ‘high DFT’ with … *Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Erasmus MC, Room Bd416, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Tel: +31 10 703 2938; fax: +31 10 703 4420, Email: d.theuns{at}erasmusmc.nl

Silicon-on-Insulator Spectral Filters Fabricated With CMOS Technology

We give an overview of recent progress in passive spectral filters and demultiplexers based on silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides: ring resonators, interferometers, arrayed waveguide gratings, and echelle diffraction gratings, all benefit from the high-index contrast possible with silicon photonics. We show how the current generation of devices has improved crosstalk levels, insertion loss, and uniformity due to an improved fabrication process based on 193 nm lithography.

Progress with Closed-loop Systems in Type 1 Diabetes

Automated insulin delivery by means of a glucose-responsive closed-loop system has often been cited as the ‘holy grail’ of type 1 diabetes management. Reflecting the technological advances in interstitial glucose measurements and wider use of continuous glucose monitoring, recent research in closed-loop glucose control has focused on the subcutaneous route for glucose measurements and insulin delivery. The primary aim of such systems is to keep blood glucose within the target range while minimising the risk of hypoglycaemia with minimal input from the user. This article examines recent developments in the field of interstitial glucose measurement, limitations of the current generation of devices and implications on the performance of closed-loop systems. Clinical results and the advantages and disadvantages of different closed-loop configurations are summarised. Potential future advances in closed-loop systems are highlighted.

Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Valve Procedures

The incidence of valvular heart disease is expected to increase over the next several decades as a large proportion of the US demographic advances into the later decades of life. At the same time, the next several years can be anticipated to bring a broad transition of surgical therapy to minimally invasive (minithoracotomy and small port) access and the more gradual introduction of percutaneous approaches for the correction of valvular heart disease. Broad acceptance of these technologies will require careful and sometimes perplexing comparisons of the outcomes of these new technologies with existing standards of care. The validation of percutaneous techniques, in particular, will require the collaboration of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in centers with excellent surgical and catheter experience and a commitment to trial participation. For the near term, percutaneous techniques will likely remain investigational and will be limited in use to patients considered to be high risk or to inoperable surgical candidates. Although current-generation devices and techniques require significant modification before widespread clinical use can be adopted, it must be expected that less invasive and even percutaneous valve therapies will likely have a major impact on the management of patients with valvular heart disease over the next several years.

Invited commentary

Invited commentary

A Microfluidic Device for Presumptive Testing of Controlled Substances*

A simple microfluidic device (MFD) has been developed to perform multiple color and crystal tests for controlled substance analysis. The MFD method uses less sample and reagents and generates less waste than traditional spot plate methods while performing several tests simultaneously. This methodology provides significantly more analytical information for a single sample analysis. The current generation device is the size of a microscope slide with four analytical channels: one for microcrystal tests and three for color tests. The optimized devices were subjected to a rigorous validation study using comparative replicate analyses and several operators. Target analytes were methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, and oxycodone and color test reagents used were the Marquis, Simon, and cobalt thiocyanate. For the crystal tests, platinic chloride was used. The validation study showed the MFD's limits of detection to be in the picogram range. Positive tests results were observed in complex mixtures in which the controlled substance was present at concentrations of 5-10% (w/w). The microcrystal reagents showed greater sensitivity than color test reagents when used in the device. Reagent use and waste generation using the devices was 95% less that that used and generated using the traditional methods. The device performance was also shown to be operator independent.

Evaluation of the ventricular assist device programme in the UK

Evaluation of the ventricular assist device programme in the UK

Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Database of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Third Annual Report—2005

Over the last 2 decades, mechanical circulatory support devices have been developed with the goal of supporting patients with advanced heart failure as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, a bridge to recovery, and an alternative to transplantation (also called chronic or destination therapy). The current generation of devices provides a differentiated spectrum of circulatory support. The major limitations of mechanical circulatory support devices are infection, coagulopathies and device dysfunction. The Scientific Council on Mechanical Circulatory Support of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation has established an international database to generate critical data to advance knowledge about the effectiveness of mechanical circulatory support device therapy for one of the most difficult and costly contemporary medical problems, the malignant syndrome of advanced heart failure.

90 nm급 텅스텐 폴리사이드 게이트 식각공정에서 식각종말점의 안정화에 관한 연구

The device makers want to make higher density chips on the wafer through scale-down. The change of WSix/poly-Si gate film thickness is one of the key issues under 100 nm device structure. As a new device etching process is applied, end point detection(EPD) time delay was occurred in DPS+ poly chamber of Applied Materials. This is a barrier of device shrink because EPD time delay made physical damage on the surface of gate oxide. To investigate the EPD time delay, the experimental test combined with OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) was performed using patterned wafers. As a result, a EPD delay time is reduced by a new chamber seasoning and a new wavelength line through plasma scan. Applying a new wavelength of 252 nm makes it successful to call corrected EPD in WSix/poly-Si stack-down gate etching in the DPS+ poly chamber for the current and next generation devices.

Functional characteristics of a new coronary perfusion balloon: Comparison with the flowtrack 40 in closed chest swine

This study was designed to compare a new investigational coronary perfusion balloon (Wave, Scimed Life Systems Inc.) with that of an approved, widely used, current generation device (Flowtrack 40, Advanced Cardiovascular Systems). Domestic swine were anesthetized with pentobarbital and instrumented using standard percutaneous technique. Left ventricular contractile function (dP/dt) was monitored using a micromanometer while intracoronary and surface ECGs were also recorded. Eight target vessels were studied (4 LAD and 4 Cx) in random order. The perfusion balloons were kept inflated for 10 min. Complete coronary occlusion with a standard angioplasty balloon produced marked decreases in mean aortic pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, peak +dP/dt, peak -dP/dt, and significant ST segment elevation in both intracoronary and surface ECG at 30 seconds. Neither the Wave or Flowtract 40 produced any change in heart rate or mean aortic pressure. Both catheters caused a drop in left ventricular developed pressure immediately after balloon inflation. At 10 min, however, there was a small but significant decrease only with the Flowtrack 40. Similarly, peak +dP/dt was slightly depressed during Flowtrack 40 inflation at 10 min but not with the Wave catheter. Both catheters produced ST segment elevation on the surface and intracoronary electrocardiographic records. These changes were significantly greater with the Flowtrack 40 system. Thus, both the Flowtrack 40 and Wave perfusion balloons are effective in preventing ischemia during coronary occlusion in swine; however, the latter system may be more effective in this model.

Digital imaging in the radiation oncology environment: A personal computer local area network solution

Personal computer (PC) driven digital imaging devices are now becoming available in the market place for use in radiation oncology to produce what are known as real time portal images. These limited contrast images are used to verify the patient anatomy under treatment by megavoltage x-rays and are a vital part of the patient treatment. The current generation of devices can produce both single and movie loop images in real time for physician review and approval. To disseminate these images and other digital images used in the planning and delivery of radiation therapy, a PC-based picture archiving and communications system has been developed that is tailored to the special needs of radiation oncology.

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGORITHMS FOR PHOTON-COUNTING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Photon-counting detectors are important to many areas of astronomy. A new generation, based on microchannel plate intensifiers, is already in use, and so understanding the fundamental problems of image-analysis techniques which are used by both current and new generation devices is necessary. The 'pattern noise' problem which causes modulation of the image is examined. It is found that it has a number of sources and suggest methods whereby it may be reduced. The problems discussed have applications to all fields (like CCD photometry and astrometry) which employ few-pixel, image-analysis techniques.