Current Reference Frame Research Articles

Estándares para la dirección escolar en España y México: Un estudio comparativo

Tanto el sistema educativo español como el mexicano han sido influenciados por las mediciones estandarizadas a nivel global y ambos reconocen ahora al liderazgo educativo como uno de los factores centrales de la mejora escolar. No obstante, en cada sistema se han impulsado políticas disímiles relativas al reconocimiento de estándares para la dirección de escuelas. Contrario a la tendencia global de adopción de estándares para los cargos de dirección, en el contexto español no existe una política homogénea de la figura profesional, determinando cada Comunidad Autónoma tales mecanismos. En contraposición, el Sistema Educativo Mexicano ha desarrollado políticas de estandarización fuertemente predeterminadas para la función directiva a partir de la reforma de 2013. El presente estudio establece una comparativa sobre los estándares para la dirección entre los sistemas educativos español y mexicano, relacionándolos desde la revisión de: (a) los mecanismos de acceso y permanencia en el cargo (Gairín, 2010), (b) la burocracia institucional (Guiddens & Sutton, 2014) y (c) la formación para el cargo. El análisis comparativo permite conocer el estado actual de los estándares para la dirección escolar en ambos sistemas educativos, acercándose a reconocer los antecedentes y actuales marcos de referencia de cada contexto.

The Neural Correlate Difference Between Positive and Negative Awe.

Awe is an emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that transcend current frames of reference. Narrative and experimental work has characterized two distinct variants of awe: positive and negative; however, little is known about the structural neural basis associated with the differences of these two variants of awe. In this study, we investigated the structural neural basis of positive and negative awe underlying individual differences among 62 young healthy adults. Specifically, we assessed the association between regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and the two different variants of awe using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM). A partial correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between rGMV and behavioral positive and negative awe, while controlling for sex, age and total GMV. VBM indicated that positive awe was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, and negatively correlated with GMV in the left fusiform and the right calcarine. Negative awe was negatively correlated with GMV in the left and right insula, and the left superior temporal gyrus. These results provide a neural explanation for the differences of these two variants of awe.

Panning and Jitter Invariant Incremental Principal Component Pursuit for Video Background Modeling

Video background modeling is an important preprocessing stage for various applications, and principal component pursuit (PCP) is among the state-of-the-art algorithms for this task. One of the main drawbacks of PCP is its sensitivity to jitter and camera movement. This problem has only been partially solved by a few methods devised for jitter or small transformations. However, such methods cannot handle the case of moving or panning cameras in an incremental fashion. In this paper, we greatly expand the results of our earlier work, in which we presented a novel, fully incremental PCP algorithm, named incPCP-PTI, which was able to cope with panning scenarios and jitter by continuously aligning the low-rank component to the current reference frame of the camera. To the best of our knowledge, incPCP-PTI is the first low-rank plus additive incremental matrix method capable of handling these scenarios in an incremental way. The results on synthetic videos and Moseg, DAVIS, and CDnet2014 datasets show that incPCP-PTI is able to maintain a good performance in the detection of moving objects even when panning and jitter are present in a video. Additionally, in most videos, incPCP-PTI obtains competitive or superior results compared to state-of-the-art batch methods.

Being well in the world: an alternative discourse to mental health and well-being

ABSTRACTThe author provides a critique of the current campaign promoting well-being and mental health in UK schools. The paper focuses on the unintended consequences of aligning with a medical model of understanding mental health which include concerns about ignoring ecological factors and, to some extent the social construction of individual mental health. The author considers the relevance of Arendt's notion of being at home in the world, (Arendt, 1994), as understood in the context of Biesta's educational commentary, (Biesta, 2017). Finally, the author argues that the current frame of reference for mental health intervention is insufficient in meeting the challenges facing the next generation of students.

Academic self-concept during the transition to upper secondary school

Research on the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) has shown that the learning environment is important for the development of academic self-concept (ASC) because students use social comparisons to evaluate their ability level. Whereas cross-sectional studies have often replicated the BFLPE, less is known about this effect from a longitudinal perspective during times when changes occur in students’ learning environments. Thus, we focused on a timespan during which a student’s learning environment changes—the transition from lower to upper secondary school. In upper secondary school in Germany, students leave their former classes and take either advanced or basic courses. Advanced courses are characterized by more demanding curricula and a higher achieving student body. Consequently, the compositions of the student groups change. We examined the BFLPE in the context of math self-concept (MSC) in N = 1330 students during the transition from lower secondary (10th grade) to upper secondary school (12th grade) in Germany using longitudinal, large-scale data. We focused on contrast and assimilation effects as well as on the longitudinal persistence of the BFLPE from lower to upper secondary school. The BFLPE occurred at both measurement points, and there was an assimilation effect of the enrollment in advanced courses in 12th grade. The BFLPE from 10th grade did not persist into 12th grade, indicating that the BFLPE does not persist through contextual changes. Instead, information about the current frame of reference (i.e., average course achievement and course level) seems to overwrite context effects from previous learning environments, even if this change occurs within schools as constant macro-contexts.

Operation modes and control algorithms of anisotropic permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM)

This paper represents control strategy of anisotropic permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in the field-weakening region. Field weakening controller allows to increase maximum achievable speed with output torque reduction. Proposed control system consists of four general modes: MTPA (maximum torque per ampere), MC (maximum current), FW (field weakening), and MTPV (maximum torque per voltage) which must be chosen accordingly to motor speed, current and torque references. Operation point is found as an intersection of torque hyperbola and voltage ellipse curves in d-q motor’s current reference frame involving motor parameters’ limits. However, due to nonlinear dependence between torque and voltage equations, it is quite complicated to obtain both right control mode selection and reference output calculation. In order to solve this problem, a unified control algorithm adopted for wide speed and torque reference with online constraints calculation is proposed. Matlab/Simulink control model of PMSM motor and control system were designed in order to show developed strategy performance. Simulation results shows increasing of speed limit by more than 2.5 times related to nominal speed with high controller’s response. However, speed limit increasing leads to a decrease in motor’s output torque. Due to this fact, presented control strategy is not suitable for applications where nominal torque level is essential for all speed operation points.

Simplified current minimization control of vector controlled Interior Permanent Magnet motor

This paper presents a simplified current minimizing technique for Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor. This is primarily achieved by utilizing normalized 2D-Look Up Table (LUT) that is parameter independent except for saliency ratio. In addition, torque-flux reference frame is considered for implementation to reduce the complexity generally present in conventional methods utilizing ids − iqs current reference frame. The proposed algorithm also incorporates both the aspects that lead to field weakening operation, i.e., increase in speed and reduction of dc link voltage. A novel compensation method for incorporating saturation effect is also addressed. The current minimizing technique is analyzed in detail, supported by experimental results.

The process of map calibration and its impact on the quality and accuracy of cartographic materials

The calibration process is a procedure that enables adjusting the scanned portion of the map to the current frame of reference, and equipping it with cartometric properties. As a result of the said process, the raster image becomes cartographic material that can be applied, among others, to the context of geodetic work. There are numerous methods of image transformation and ways of selecting the control points, according to which this process can be carried out. In the paper, the authors present the literature review featuring various problems related to the map calibration process, as well as the methods of transformation, and the ways of selecting the control points. The work was carried out in reference to the example of scanned fragments of cadastral maps, which were then subjected to calibration processes using crosses of map grati- cule lines and based on situational details. The calibration process was carried out several times using a different number of adaptation points while changing their location and the manner of selection.

Long-Term GNSS Analysis for Local Geodetic Datum After 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

The current Korean national geodetic reference frame, KGD2002, refers to the fixed epoch at 2002·0 under the assumption that there is no crustal movement of the Korean peninsula. A discontinuity in the coordinates of the reference stations may occur due to the relocation of the stations, antenna replacement, or earthquakes. The static reference frame has difficulty in covering continuous and/or discontinuous crustal movements at the same time. A new dynamic local geodetic reference frame has been calculated based on eight years (2007–2014) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The final geodetic coordinates and velocities were calculated on the basis of the IGb08 reference frame. The discontinuity caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake can be addressed using the newly proposed model in this study, which ensures the consistency and continuity of the local geodetic datum.

Modeling and Analysis of Resonance in LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverters under Different Control Schemes

As a basic building block in power systems, the three-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI) connects the distributed energy to the grid. For the inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL)-filter three-phase VSI, according to different current sampling position and different reference frame, there mainly exist four control schemes. Different control schemes present different impedance characteristics in their corresponding determined frequency range. To analyze the existing resonance phenomena due to the variation of grid impedances, the sequence impedance models of LCL-type grid-connected three-phase inverters under different control schemes are presented using the harmonic linearization method. The impedance-based stability analysis approach is then applied to compare the relative stability issues due to the impedance differences at some frequencies and to choose the best control scheme and the better controller parameters regulating method for the LCL-type three-phase VSI. The simulation and experiments both validate the resonance analysis results.

Use of pharmacy records to measure treatment adherence: a critical review of the literature.

The current frame of reference on adherence to pharmacotherapy includes a set of behaviors experienced by the user, with observation of the detailed and continuous history of the use of each dose of the medication. Indicators based on pharmacy records have been used to measure adherence. The current review aimed to identify and describe indicators based on pharmacy records and to discuss their adequacy and limitations for measuring adherence. An exploratory literature review was conducted in three databases using the terms "adherence", "pharmacy records/administrative data", and "measure" to compose the descriptors for the selection of 81 articles and the elaboration of a chart with the denomination, sources, methods for calculation, description, and interpretation of the operational and referential meaning of 14 indicators. Given the most recent taxonomy for adherence proposed in the literature, we concluded that the indicators can be useful for identifying patients with medication-seeking behavior-related problems and analysis of persistence. The distance between supply-related events and difficulties in treatment follow-up can influence an analysis based exclusively on the use of these indicators.

PMSMのセンサレス効率高速駆動のための自変力率位相形ベクトル制御

As a simple vector control method for sensorless drives of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), a self-tuning power-factor-based vector control (PFVC) method has been reported. It can perform simultaneously three functions such as current limit, efficiency, and wide-speed range drive under a practical voltage limit. This method is realized in the stator current reference frame where the phase of the frame is identical to that of the stator current. This paper proposes a new self-tuning PFVC method realized in the voltage reference frame where the phase of the frame is identical to that of the stator voltage rather than the stator current. The proposed self-tuning PFVC method can perform simultaneously the three functions. The effectiveness and usefulness of the new method are verified through extensive experiments.

Elicited Awe Decreases Aggression

Awe is a feeling of wonder and amazement in response to experiencing something so vast that it transcends one's current frames of reference. Across three experiments ( N = 557), we tested the inhibition effect of awe on aggression. We used a narrative recall task paradigm (Studies 1 and 2) and a video (Study 3) to induce the emotion of awe. After inducing awe, we first examined participants’ emotion and their sense of ‘small self’, and then the manifestation of aggressiveness in a Shooting Game (Study 1), Tangram Help/Hurt Task (Studies 2 and 3) and Aggression-IAT (Study 3), respectively. Results indicated that awe reduced aggression and increased prosociality and a sense of small self relative to neutral affect and positive emotions of happiness and amusement. Mediation analyses evidenced mixed support for a sense of small self mediating the effect of awe on aggression and prosociality.

Error concealment algorithm based on sparse optimization

In this paper, an application of sparse optimization in the error concealment area is proposed. The spatial and temporal formulations of the pixels in the current frame and reference frame are proposed to solve the problem. Based on the sparse characteristics of nature images, we form sparse optimization problems for both formulations. The optimization problem is solved by the primal-dual interior point method. The solutions are combined for better results. By solving for a limited numbers of significant predictors using the sparse optimization, our algorithm performs subjectively and objectively better for the concealed result; compared to two state-of-the-art spatial-temporal hybrid error concealment methods, the proposed methods can improve by up to 0.19 dB and 1.12 dB in PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio).

DCT와 Guided 필터를 이용한 실시간 영상 분류

In this paper, we present a novel segmentation method that can extract new foreground objects from a current frame in real-time. It is performed by detecting differences between the current frame and reference frame taken from a fixed camera. We minimize computing complexity for real-time video processing. First DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) is utilized to generate rough binary segmentation maps where foreground and background regions are separated. DCT shows better result of texture analysis than previous methods where texture analysis is performed in spatial domain. It is because texture analysis in frequency domain is easier than that in special domain and intensity and texture in DCT are taken into account at the same time. We maximize run-time efficiency of DCT by considering color information to analyze object region prior to DCT process. Last we use Guided filter for natural matting of the generated binary segmentation map. In general, Guided filter can enhance quality of intermediate result by incorporating guidance information. However, it shows some limitations in homogeneous area. Therefore, we present an additional method which can overcome them. Keyword : DCT, matting, segmentation, Guided Filter a) 경희대학교 전자정보대학 (Kyung Hee University) b) kt 융합기술원 (kt fusion technology institute) ‡Corresponding Author : 김원하(Wonha Kim) E-mail: hjk1017@ssu.ac.kr Tel: +82-2-826-9063 ※ 본 연구는 산업통상지원부의 재원으로 산업핵심기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행 되었습니다.(10052967, 재난재해 대응용 특수목적기계 통합제어시스 템 개발) ・Manuscript received August 17, 2015; revised September 22, 2015; accepted September 22, 2015. 특집논문 (Special Paper) 방송공학회논문지 제20권 제5호, 2015년 9월 (JBE Vol. 20, No. 5, September 2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2015.20.5.718 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 신현학 외 2인 : DCT와 Guided 필터를 이용한 실시간 영상 분류 719 (Hyunhak Shin et al.: Video Segmentation Using DCT and Guided Filter in real time)

Experimental and Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent evaluation of forming limit diagrams for anisotropic sheet metals: An efficient and robust implementation of the M-K model

In the present work, an efficient formulation for the prediction of forming-limit diagrams (FLDs) based on the well-known Marciniak and Kuczynski (M−K) theory using a Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) crystal-plasticity model has been detailed. The present model extends the previous MK-VPSC implementation (Signorelli et al., Predictions of forming limit diagrams using a rate-dependent polycrystal self-consistent plasticity model, International Journal of Plasticity 25 (2009) 1–25) based on the Newton–Raphson (N-R) method, which gives no guarantee of a robust iterative procedure. In order to avoid convergence problems and to reduce the computational cost of the coupled MK-VPSC scheme, a direct approach (DA) is proposed. The DA eliminates the need of the Jacobian evaluation associated with the N-R method as well as the iterative procedure tied to other possible minimization techniques. Moreover, the mechanical states outside and inside the groove are solved in the sample reference frame, avoiding the need to rotate the crystallographic orientations and the internal variables to the current band reference frame at each increment. In this way, only two calls to the material law are required per M−K increment, obtaining a more robust numerical procedure with a significant computational cost reduction. Interestingly, the requirement of more complex boundary conditions does not substantially increase the number of internal VPSC iterations to achieve a given tolerance. Simulation results show that the direct MK-VPSC approach is consistent with that based on the N-R method. The generalized boundary conditions in the polycrystal model allowed us to calculate either strain-rate ratio or stress ratio based FLDs. The effect of using either strain-rate ratio or stress ratio paths on the FLDs has been investigated by imposing three types of pre-straining on the sheet metals. Formability predictions for a randomly-textured FCC material and for textured FCC, BCC and HCP polycrystals are presented and discussed. Finally, by considering dissimilar metals – extra deep-drawing quality steel (EDDQ), dual-phase steel (DP-780) and pure zinc (Zn20) – we evaluated the MK-VPSC model's ability to predict forming-limit strains irrespective of microstructure and crystallography. The predicted results have been compared with experimental data and good agreement was found.

Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior.

Awe is an emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that transcend current frames of reference. Guided by conceptual analyses of awe as a collective emotion, across 5 studies (N = 2,078) we tested the hypothesis that awe can result in a diminishment of the individual self and its concerns, and increase prosocial behavior. In a representative national sample (Study 1), dispositional tendencies to experience awe predicted greater generosity in an economic game above and beyond other prosocial emotions (e.g., compassion). In follow-up experiments, inductions of awe (relative to various control states) increased ethical decision-making (Study 2), generosity (Study 3), and prosocial values (Study 4). Finally, a naturalistic induction of awe in which participants stood in a grove of towering trees enhanced prosocial helping behavior and decreased entitlement compared to participants in a control condition (Study 5). Mediational data demonstrate that the effects of awe on prosociality are explained, in part, by feelings of a small self. These findings indicate that awe may help situate individuals within broader social contexts and enhance collective concern.

Do not rush the river: a Common Frame of Reference, the Restatements of the Law, and the Court of Justice of the European Union

Whether and in what way European private law would benefit from the erection of a Common Frame of Reference has been an intensely debated topic. While much substantive analysis has been performed, too few comparative doctrinal arguments concerning the method and merit of harmonisation have thus far informed the debate. After a cursory examination of the status quo, the paper turns to the USA in order to glean learning experiences from the American private law story, with particular emphasis on the Restatements of the Law. The analysis reveals that European private law is still in a phase of organic development, and needs to remain therein a while longer; it argues that any thoughts of adopting the current Draft Common Frame of Reference would be premature; and it offers avenues of reform centred, among other things, around an increased assumption of responsibility on the part of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Bayer彩色序列图像的电子稳像

A novel method for Electronic Image Stabilization (EIS) of Bayer color video image sequence was proposed. On the basis of the characteristics of Bayer color image, it converted firstly the Bayer color image into a gray image by using demosaicing and converting RGB into YCbCr. Then, the motion estimation algorithm based on gray scale projection was used to estimate the translation parameter between current frame and reference frame, in which the gray scale projection curves of horizontal and vertical directions of the gray image well reflected the feature of gray distribution in the corresponding direction, and the translation parameters could be obtained via cross correlation function of the gray scale projection curves. In order to resolve the problems of mismatch-color when translation was odd, the motion compensation algorithm based on the bilinear interpolation was applied to compensation of the translation of current frame. Finally, the demosaicing and image stabilization for the Bayer image sequence were performed. The experimental results for video sequences show that the proposed method can implement image detection in a pixel level, and can achieve higher stabilization accuracy with a peek signal to noise ratio of 40 db. It is efficient and suited for the motion estimation and compensation for Bayer color video image sequences.

IM Torque Control Schemes Based on Stator Current Vector

This paper proposes an induction machine torque control derived from the model in the stator current vector reference frame. The required torque is produced by simultaneously manipulating the magnitude and the rotation speed of the stator current vector, thus forcing the rotor flux linkage vector to change implicitly in such a way that overall stability is preserved. Additional control features include maximal torque-per-ampere ratio in steady state and almost perfect command tracking even if the machine is magnetically saturated. The control adopts a cascaded structure and is based on a partial dynamic inversion of the reduced model that assures existence and uniqueness of the inverse mapping between the required torque, the rotor flux linkage vector, and the stator current vector. Singularity at zero rotor flux linkage represents no restriction for the control performance in the admissible machine operating range. The implementation of the proposed control requires the estimation of the torque-producing rotor flux component and cascaded stator current controllers. Experimental results confirm the key expectations and show the potential and benefits of the proposed control schemes.