Current Energy Situation Research Articles

Enhanced low-field energy storage performance and dielectric stability in (Bi0.4Sr0.2K0.2Na0.2)(Ti1-xZrx)O3 high-entropy ceramics via B-site modification

The current global energy situation is tense, necessitating the development of high-efficiency, low-cost, and eco-friendly energy materials. In this study, a series of perovskite lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, denoted as (Bi0.4Sr0.2K0.2Na0.2)(Ti1-xZrx)O3 (BSKNT-xZr) were designed to enhance the storage performance. The findings indicate that all samples exhibit a single perovskite structure. As the Zr4+ content increases, the configurational entropy of the samples increases, the cell volume expands, and the hysteresis loops become finer, while maintaining a high maximum polarization (Pm) and effectively enhancing the energy storage performance. For the ceramic with x = 0.10, the energy density (Wtot), recoverable energy density (Wrec), and energy storage efficiency (η) values were determined to be 3.16 J/cm3, 2.67 J/cm3, and 84.3%, respectively, under an electric field of 230 kV/cm. Moreover, the introduction of Zr4+ reduces the relative permittivity and broadens the temperature range (ΔT) that simultaneously satisfies Δε/ε150°C ≤ ±15% and 0 ≤ tanδ ≤ 0.02. This investigation underscores the potential of BSKNT-xZr ceramics as high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy materials for addressing global energy requirements.

Forecast of Commodity Energy Consumption and Structure of Rural Households in Sichuan Province

With the growth in energy consumption, problems such as environmental pollution and resource depletion are becoming more and more prominent, and the sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development can be achieved only through scientific forecasting and effective management. Forecasting the changing trend of energy consumption structure can guide the government and society to take corresponding measures for environmental protection and sustainable development, and reduce the negative impact of energy consumption on the environment. Based on the current development situation of commodity energy in rural households in Sichuan Province and related consumption data, this paper uses the grey prediction model and Markov model to predict the consumption and consumption structure of commodity energy in rural households in Sichuan Province. It is found that among the four types of commodity energy consumed by rural households in Sichuan Province, the consumption of electricity shows exponential and growth, and it is expected that the consumption of electricity by rural households in Sichuan Province from 2022 to 2025 will be 3,316,166, 3,582,203, 3,886,622, and 4,216,240 tonnes of standard coal, respectively. Meanwhile, using Markov chain to predict the consumption structure, it is found that under the no-planning constraint scenario, the share of energy consumption of electricity and natural gas is increasing, while the share of energy consumption of coal and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will be decreasing, and the shares of energy consumption of coal, electricity, natural gas, and LPG will be 1.97 per cent, 75.82 per cent, 26.36 per cent, and 0.02 per cent, respectively, by 2030.

Editorial: Biomass Derived Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysts, 2nd Edition

There are plenty of challenges related to the current energy situation [...]

Current Research Status on The Production, Storage, And Application of Hydrogen Energy

With the development of society, the demand for energy has significantly increased, and the hydrogen energy industry is an important engine for optimizing energy structure and promoting the transformation of traditional energy. Hydrogen energy is a clean and renewable energy source with abundant sources. The unit mass of hydrogen contains a large amount of energy and can be applied in a wide range of fields. Therefore, analyzing and comparing the hydrogen energy industry chain will contribute to the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry. This article first investigates the initial stage of development, current situation, and policies of hydrogen energy in China, Japan, and the United States, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the research status and planning of hydrogen energy in different countries. Secondly, the current mature hydrogen production methods (reforming hydrogen, electrolysis hydrogen) and hydrogen storage methods (high-pressure hydrogen storage, solid-state material hydrogen storage, organic liquid hydrogen storage materials) Hydrogen application are analyzed, and their advantages are proposed. Finally, based on research analysis, the future hydrogen energy market is introduced. This research result also provides certain reference value for enterprises that need to transform and enter the hydrogen energy field.

Utilization of Engineering Management Principles in the Adoption of Solar Energy in Iraq

This article explores the application of engineering management principles to overcome energy challenges in developing countries, focusing on Iraq's energy sector. It examines the current situation, challenges, and potential of solar energy in Iraq. The article introduces the topic, reviews relevant literature, and discusses the evolution of Iraq's electricity sector. It highlights challenges and proposes solar energy as a solution. The study evaluates the state of solar energy in Iraq, emphasizing its contextual suitability and potential impact. The research methodology, data analysis, and key findings are outlined, ensuring rigor and validity. The role of engineering management principles in adopting solar energy is explored. The conclusion summarizes research outcomes, offering recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers to enhance solar energy benefits in Iraq.

Deployment of small modular reactors in the European Union

This paper was written after the beginning of the 2022 energy and security crisis in Europe, which forced the national state governments as well as the European Union (EU) to reexamine environmental and energy strategies. The paper focuses on the role that small modular reactors (SMRs) may play as a part of a medium and long-term solution to this unprecedented situation. The history of EU climate policies and the current energy situation in the EU is broadly examined. The paper explores the potential energy, national security, and environmental benefits of nuclear power, along with its possible contribution to a net-zero economy. The main focus of the study, involving discussions with experts in the United States (US), was on the development of SMR-specific regulations, as well as the progress of SMR deployment projects in the US. The discussion explores SMR deployment challenges and potential solutions, in terms of policy recommendations applicable for the EU and its member states, in case a rapid SMR deployment becomes politically desirable.

Future Scope and Current Energy Situation of Wind Energy, with a Simulation of Small Wind Farm in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB)

When the world is going through extreme energy shortage, mainly the non-renewable energies, wind energy is the hope along with solar energy, hydro energy, nuclear energy and bio mass energy to meet the energy demand. In the end of 2021, in India only, the wind capacity was 40 GWatt [8]. By the end of 2030, new 30 GWatt offshore wind capacity will be installed [8]. Wind turbines may be of various shapes and sizes. When more than one wind turbines are working together to create electrical power, they form a wind farm. The aim of this particular project is to make a simulation of a small wind farm of 4.5 MW in the simulation part of MATLAB software. Here squirrel cage induction generators are used as the electrical generators connected to the turbines. It generates power for the grid. SVC is connected to the wind turbines to control the overall reactive power. The aim is to make a MATLAB Simulink phasor model of a 4.5 MW wind farm with SVC with three fully functioning wind turbines.

Characteristics, Drivers and Transitions of Household Energy Consumption in China: An Overview

Energy plays a crucial role in our daily lives, not only as a basis for survival and development, but also as a national strategy. This paper focuses on household energy consumption, which is a key factor in promoting economic development and social progress. Globally, household energy consumption accounts for 25-30% of the total energy consumption, and in China it accounts for 12.4% of the total national energy consumption, making it the second largest force after the first major energy consumer. Since household energy consumption is closely related to climate change, ecological quality, and population health, this paper analyzes the current situation of household energy in China, and conducts a literature review from three key aspects: first, it discusses in depth the characteristics and trends of household energy consumption, and reveals its important position in the global and domestic consumption patterns; second, it examines the drivers that influence household energy consumption, including household size, economic level, geographic location, and many other factors; finally, it focuses on household energy transition and explores the key issues of sustainable energy and green low-carbon transition. Through the review of the literature, this paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding for future research and policy development to effectively address the environmental, ecological and social issues that may arise from household energy consumption.

Entropy generation minimization for different types of heat exchangers using nanofluids

ABSTRACT In view of the current global energy situation, increasing the efficiency of heat exchangers can contribute significantly to reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the effects of nanofluids (SiO2/Water) prepared at different fluid flow rates and different volumetric concentrations (vol.%0.1-0.2-0.3) on three heat exchangers (Shell and Tube, Double Pipe, Plate) with the same capacity were investigated experimentally and statistically. It was concluded that there was an increase of 47% in effectiveness and 87.3% in NTU value with the increase in the volumetric concentrations of nanofluids and fluid flow rate. With the use of nanofluids, it was observed that entropy production decreased by up to 56.08%. The results obtained were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and mathematical models were created and the prediction capabilities of the models were 98% and above. Entropy minimization was performed using statistical methods and it was statistically determined that plate heat exchangers give better results among heat exchangers with the same capacity. It is concluded that the entropy production is minimum when the fluid flow rate is 2 lpm, the volumetric concentration is 0.3% and a plate heat exchanger is used. This study has provided a different and comprehensive perspective on heat exchangers, and it is thought that it will give many ideas to researchers working in this field.

Proyect and current energy situation in the Basque Country

Due to the importance that energy occupies within society as a driver for competitiveness in industry, richness generation, and improvement of the technological development Ibrough new investments, the EU and its different Member States have created a legal ftamework aimed at controIling and reducing energy intensity, reducing the dependency from external countries and facilitating the introduction of indigenous energies for enhancing fmal energy supply. The Autonomous Region of the Basque Country is characterised for its enormous dependence on outsíde energy sources for the supply of a demand with high industrial penetration. Due to this, strategic energy plans have been developed since the 80's. These programmes try to guarantee energy supply in the best conditions of security, quality, economic cost and environmental impacto Several factors have been taken inlo account within these plans, as, for example:Social concems about environment conservation and social welfare,Studies of energy efficiency and savings,The contribution of renewable energies,The contribution of new combined ciele gas fired plants and also combined heat and power (CHP)

The Correlation Between the Development of Renewable Energy, Non-Renewable Energy, and Economic Growth in Taiwan

This paper aims to explore the correlation between the development of renewable energy and economic growth in Taiwan along with the correlation between the development of non-renewable energy and economic growth. I analyzed Taiwan’s current energy situation and understand the energy problems that Taiwan faces, and discussed policies that impact Taiwan’s economy, energy production, and consumption. I found that Taiwan could achieve stronger GDP growth through increased employment, investments, consumer spending, and technological advancements of renewable energy production rather than non-renewable energy production. I found a correlation of 0.902 between Taiwan’s GDP and renewable energy production, as opposed to a correlation of -0.0655 between nonrenewable energy production and Taiwan’s GDP. This high correlation between the production of renewable energy and GDP growth in Taiwan confirms that the nation should increase its investment in renewable energy production rather than non-renewable energy production. By comprehending the current situations and current policies, this paper attempts to provide an explanation of Taiwan’s energy issues, assist future energy policymakers, bring awareness to Taiwan’s energy development, promote sustainability goals, and provide a general background of Taiwan’s energy development. This paper also aims to provide well-rounded research to help investors make informed decisions about renewable energy.

Current Energy Situation in the Basque Country.

Debido al papel importante que la energía ocupa dentro de la sociedad como motor de competitividad industrial, generadora de riqueza y de nuevas inversiones para un mayor desarrollo tecnológico, la UE y los diferentes Estados Miembros, han creado un marco legal, encaminado a controlar y reducir la intensidad energética, reducir la dependencia, facilitar otras posibles aportaciones y mejorar el suministro. La Comunidad Autónoma Vasca se caracteriza, en lo referente a la problemática energética, por su escasez de recursos y la fuerte implantación industrial. Por lo que desde la década de los 80 se han establecido programas de estrategia energética intentando garantizar la disponibilidad de energía en las mejores condiciones de seguridad, suministro, coste e impacto ambienal. Ddentro de estos planes se han tenido en cuenta factores como: • La preocupación social por preservar el entorno y las necesidades de bienestar de la sociedad. • Estudios de ahorro y eficacia energética • La aportación de las energías renovables, que se han convertido en un punto importante por el nivel de desarrollo tecnológico y su utilización dentro de la vida cotidiana. Debemos destacar tambien la utilización de los ciclos combinados a gas natural y la cogeneración.

Feasibility Study of Offshore Wind Wheel Installation in South China Sea at Malaysia

As the global demand for renewable energy continues to rise, it becomes crucial to investigate the viability of offshore wind power generation. This paper presents a comprehensive feasibility study assessing the viability of the South China Sea wind turbine installation. This study will describe the current situation of wind energy across the world and specifically discusses offshore wind farm technology. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review emphasizing the significance of wind power in mitigating climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The objectives of this are to study on the availability of offshore wind resources in Malaysia and to analyze the effect of micro-siting towards wind farm energy production and performance. This study indicates the best sites to set up offshore wind farm in Malaysia. According to the data, Mersing has a favorable availability of wind resources, which makes it the best place to put the turbines. Critical review for better understanding about the importance of micro-siting of wind farms social and economic was conducted. The micro-siting technique is helpful since it provides a methodical and well-informed way of choosing a location. It helps decision-makers strike a balance between the project's, the community's, and the environment's demands by considering various elements and tailoring the analysis to the particulars of a certain project. As technology and methodology evolve, the micro-siting approach will become more important in attaining sustainable and efficient development.

Biomass pellets with organic binders - before and after torrefaction

Given the current energy situation in the world, torrefaction offers a promising technique to produce fuel that can be used as a substitute for coal in combustion. The pelletization process can be simplified by the addition of a binder. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the binders on the mechanical and energetic properties of the pellets before and after torrefaction. The initial material was meadow hay. The hay was crushed and three binders (lignosulfonate, wheat flour, starch) were added – 2 and 15 wt% The basic powder characterisation (compressibility, internal friction, and angle of repose) were performed on all binders. Lignosulfonate had the best flowability and therefore appeared to be the most suitable from a process point of view. Testing were also carried out on non-torrefied and torrefied pellets. The mechanical-physical properties (hardness, mechanical resistance, wettability) were also determined. Hardness and mechanical resistance for non-torrefied pellets was increased by adding lignosulfonate (15 wt%) and flour (2 wt%). After torrefaction, hardness and pellet durability index of the pellets decreased significantly, but still the best pellets were those with lignosulfonate (15 wt%) and flour (2 wt%). Non-torrefied pellets do not have a good resistance to water absorption, but lignosulfonate in ratio of 15 wt% and as well as flour in ratio of 2 wt% have a positive effect on this feature. Moreover, torrefaction has a positive effect on the pellet's resistance to water absorption. The results were supported by FTIR analysis. Last but not least, a simple calculation of the consumption of pellets for heating and hot water heating for a family home is given.

Research on the Impact of the "Belt and Road" Initiative on Energy Prices

The introduction of the "Belt and Road" initiative has played a significant driving role, propelling the economic and social development of countries along its route. Energy resources stand as pivotal elements for the economies, core industries, and crucial revenue sources of nations along the "Belt and Road," and fluctuations in their prices inevitably impact policy planning, infrastructure, institutional arrangements, and financial investments among these countries. Building upon this context, this paper first outlines the current energy situation of countries along the "Belt and Road," and, in conjunction with regional energy trade and energy industry characteristics, comprehensively and systematically evaluates the influencing factors of energy price fluctuations under the "Belt and Road" initiative. Based on the analysis above, this paper proposes measures to enhance price competitiveness and provides an outlook on China's future energy pricing situation. This study's holistic analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on energy prices in countries along the "Belt and Road" initiative will, to a certain extent, contribute to the theoretical research on regional energy consumption, offering theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of energy in Chinese cities.

Renewable energy in Benin: current situation and future prospects

Abstract To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens, all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly way. Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent years. The country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy (RE) potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production capacity. This paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future prospects. The current energy situation of the country is discussed, followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply situation. The country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has ~41% of national electricity access. However, the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the country. The study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional frameworks. Recommendations are made for the benefit of the government, the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.

Need of energy transition at roof of the world: Correlative approach to interpret energy identity of high-altitude Central Asian communities

The high-altitude Central Asian communities (mainly from rural Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) face a high degree of energy complexity. The thematic knowledge clearly outlines that these communities hold special energy identity (information about energy requirements, energy consumption, classification of the building, energy resources, energy services, and challenges) and at the same time, energy poverty ironically exists. To mitigate energy poverty, there is an immediate need for sustainable energy transition through special energy planning. Though, the limited information about the energy identity of these communities restricts the energy transition process. The main aim of the paper was to outline the special and comparative energy profile of high-altitude Central Asian rural communities. To demonstrate the special energy profile, a novel correlative approach was developed which synthesises the information about energy context (current energy situation and critical issues), energy resources (available sustainable and non-sustainable energy and its usage) and energy services (available energy services to meet the energy need) by considering local boundary conditions. These various parameters were studied based on the extensive literature review, the author's interview with local people and the previous work of the authors. There is a large gap in the literature regarding energy information about high-altitude Central Asian communities. Based on the correlative approach, the presented article was the first attempt to develop a novel framework to interpret the energy identity of high-altitude Central Asian communities and thus contribute to knowledge. The derived special energy identity will serve as a profound base to develop an energy planning more effectively. The derived results categorised the spatial energy situation at the roof of the world. Even though access to electricity, the high-altitude Central Asian rural population suffers from unique and complex energy challenges articulated in the presented article. Energy is a costly and critical task for the local population. To resolve this issue, sustainable energy transition is an essential element for these settlements which ensures sustainable communities from the long-term perspective. This can be achieved by spatial energy planning for high-altitude communities (i.e. implementation of energy efficiency measures in combination with an energy supply system on a community level).

Utilization and development of biomass energy

As the depletion of fossil fuels becomes increasingly severe, it is crucial to find alternative and sustainable sources of energy. Biomass, which is the largest renewable energy source in the world, is considered an effective solution to the problem of fossil fuel scarcity due to its sustainability, eco-friendly nature, and the wide range of raw materials available. This paper analyzes the current energy situation, energy policies, opportunities, and challenges of biomass energy development in several countries across Europe, Asia, and America. Based on the research results, most countries are proactively seeking to transform their energy systems to ensure sustainable economic development, particularly by utilizing solid biomass, which includes the recycling of industrial and agricultural residues and the cultivation of energy crops. However, biomass energy also faces challenges such as the impact on biodiversity, complex production processes, and high costs.

The Legal Framework of the Mandatory Cap on Market Revenues for Electricity Producers and the Solidarity Contribution in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

On 6 October 2022, the Council of the European Union adopted Regulation 2022/1854 on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices (Regulation 2022/1854). Regulation 2022/1854 establishes an emergency intervention to mitigate the effects of high energy prices through exceptional, targeted, and time-limited measures aiming to ensure the necessary solutions and respond to the current energy situation. For this purpose, three groups of measures are introduced: (i) measures aiming to reduce energy consumption, (ii) introducing a mandatory cap on market revenues for electricity producers, and (iii) introducing a solidarity contribution to be imposed on crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, and refinery companies. In this paper, the authors focus on the legal framework adopted in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia to introduce the mandatory cap on market revenues to electricity producers as well as the solidarity contribution.

Assessment of Bioenergy Potential of Waste Biomass Through Stoichiometry Analysis in Pakistan

Pakistan is an emerging country facing energy crises due to its swiftly growing population. The energy sector is dominated by costly fossil fuels, which are quickly depleting, and threatening the environment. This study accentuates Pakistan’s current energy situation and future assessment of bioenergy potential through a comprehensive stoichiometry analysis. The paper access the tremendous potential to efficiently convert waste biomass into bioenergy as the most sustainable alternative to meet its energy demand. The results reveal that the total bioenergy potential of waste biomass has been determined as 44, 530 megawatt/1000 tonnes yearly contributed by municipal solid waste (17.21%), tree waste (22.95%), agriculture residues (18.85%), animal manure (19.67%) and other biomasses (21.32%). The conclusion shows bioenergy by 2030 prospects of 1.1–9% every year in the energy mix of Pakistan. Waste biomass will replace imported energy by reducing the burden in the range of 12–19%, 19–31%, 10–17%, and 1–2% on coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, and low-pressure gas (L.P.G.) in future by drafting the bioenergy policy framework for effective employment of renewable energy (biomass-based) production in Pakistan.