Current Energy Resources Research Articles

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM

Sustainable energy generation is becoming increasingly important due to the expected limitations in current energy resources and to reduce pollution. Wave energy generation has seen significant development in recent years. Renewable power generation has become increasingly vital in addressing global energy challenges and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Various forms of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, have gained prominence in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions. Among these, tidal power stands out as a promising option due to its predictability and minimal environmental impact. This abstract explores the significance of renewable power generation and introduces the concept of tidal power generation, focusing on the innovative technology of tidal floater turbines. It delves into their construction and operational principles, illustrating their potential as a sustainable energy source. Ultimately, this abstract underscores the growing importance of harnessing tidal power as a clean and reliable source of electricity for the future. Tidal floater turbines represent an innovative system for harnessing the energy potential of ocean tides. These turbines are strategically constructed on the surface of the sea, where the dynamic ebb and flow of tides generate kinetic energy. The turbines consist of underwater rotors connected to electrical generators, which are capable of converting the mechanical energy of tidal currents into electricity. The operation of tidal floater turbines is driven by the predictable and consistent nature of tidal cycles, making them a dependable source of renewable energy. By exploiting the immense power of the ocean's tides, these turbines offer a sustainable solution for meeting the world's growing energy demands. The result from wave simulator using a real wave profile captured at a location in UK using an ultra sound system it was seen that ±0.8m wave at 10sec time period, produce a condition power output of approximate 22KW at optimum load condition for the tested 3 phase 44KW permanent magnet generator type STK500 the result indicate that this new technology could provide an effective and low cost method of generating electricity from waves. In conclusion, the utilization of tidal power generation, specifically through the innovative technology of tidal floater turbines, holds significant promise in the realm of renewable energy. As society seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and transition towards cleaner energy sources, the predictability and consistency of tidal power make it an attractive option. Moreover, the construction of these turbines on the sea's surface minimizes ecological disruptions, further emphasizing their environmental sustainability. With ongoing research and development, tidal power generation has the potential to play a pivotal role in our quest for a greener and more sustainable energy future.

An Analysis of Risks and Challenges to the Polish Power Industry in the Year 2024

The green transition is a challenge for the Polish economy and energy sector. In this paper, the expert method of analysis was applied and findings revealed that the challenges and prerequisites for an effective transformation of the power sector mainly include technical, technological and organizational issues of energy production and use. The provision of electricity at competitive prices and with a low carbon footprint, for individual consumers and industry, is a prerequisite for maintaining the well-being of the population and ensuring the competitiveness of domestically produced goods. The ambitious climate policy goals of the European Union require immediate action and call for radical changes in the Polish energy sector; in the coming years, it must drastically reduce the amount of energy produced from fossil fuels and replace it with so-called green energy from renewable sources. The main purpose of this article was to highlight the need to modify Poland’s energy policy until 2040 in order to make it more consistent with the ambitious climate goals of the European Union. This article also shows that Poland’s energy transition must include a shift from fossil fuels to renewables, while ensuring that energy security is stabilized by the current energy and generation resources. To this end, we discuss the issues of creating reserves in the national energy system for the entire period of Poland’s energy transition.

Tidal current energy resources assessment in Zhoushan Archipelago, China

ABSTRACT Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest archipelago in China, harbors a significant tidal stream resource due to robust tidal currents coursing through numerous channels between its islands. Nevertheless, the tidal energy resource in the Zhoushan Archipelago has not been systematically characterized considering both topography and energy flow density. This study presents a modeling study aimed at characterizing the tidal energy resource in the whole Zhejiang coast, including Zhoushan Archipelago, employing a high-resolution tidal hydrodynamic model, i.e. MIKE 21. Through a comparison of the model output with observed data from two tidal stations and three current stations, the accuracy of the numerical model was confirmed. The study identified areas with robust currents and suitable water depths, both essential factors for the advancement of tidal current energy. The findings showed that many channels in Zhoushan Archipelago and Wenzhou Bay in Zhejiang experience the highest tidal power density, reaching nearly 5500 W/m2. Furthermore, the study estimated the theoretical tidal current energy production for the whole area, highlighting Loutou channel, Cezi channel, Taohuagang, and the channel between Xiushan island and Daishan island as regions with high potential.

Downscaling CMIP6 climate projections to classify the future offshore wind energy resource in the Spanish territorial waters

The Spanish government has established a Maritime Spatial Planning including areas for wind farms, with the aim of contributing up to 40% of European floating offshore wind power by 2030. Thus, it is crucial to assess the current and future offshore wind energy resource in these areas, and classify the near future resource by considering wind power density and other relevant factors like resource stability, environmental risks, and installation costs. To attain the necessary high spatial resolution, a dynamic downscaling of a multi-model ensemble from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project was conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model in Spanish territorial waters, including the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, and Canary Islands. Future projections were considered under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2–4.5 and 5–8.5 scenarios. According to the results, Spain's offshore wind energy potential is projected to grow in the upcoming years, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean and surrounding the Canary Islands. Wind resource classification in the potential offshore wind farm areas reveals noteworthy diversity, with ratings ranging from “fair” (3/7) to “outstanding” (6/7). The most promising areas for offshore wind farm development in the near future are located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands.

Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Resources in the Pearl River Estuary Using a Numerical Method

In this paper, a numerical method is employed to assess tidal current energy resources in the Pearl River Estuary, China. The numerical model for tidal current simulation in the estuary is developed based on the MIKE 21 model, which enables numerical simulations in estuaries, coastal areas, and oceans. The model has a grid resolution that varies from about 2500 m at the open boundary to 500–1000 m inside the estuary. Extensive model validation is performed by comparing the model predictions with field observations of tidal level and velocity at various stations in the Pearl River Estuary. The tidal characteristics are thoroughly analyzed. Energy fluxes and power densities are calculated along selected cross sections to evaluate the feasibility of tidal energy development in the Pearl River Estuary. The results indicate that the distribution of annual average tidal current power density in the Pearl River Estuary generally aligns with the spatial distribution of tidal currents. The annual average power density of tidal energy is typically below 0.10 kW/m2. The theoretical potential of tidal current energy resources in the Pearl River Estuary is assessed to be approximately 11,000 kW.

A systematic approach to modeling synchronous generator using Markov parameters and Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems

The problem of precise modeling of Synchronous Generator (SG) devices is demanding and crucial for monitoring, stability, and control of electric grids and microgrids. SGs are known to exhibit nonlinear behavior, and because they may work in a wide range of operating points due to different electric network phenomena like load changes, current intermittent renewable energy resources, temperature variations, topological changes, etc., the modeling task of SG can be a challenging problem. This paper proposes a new method to find a global model for a synchronous generator from the input and output measurement data using state-of-the-art methods in artificial intelligence (AI) like fuzzy clustering, subspace identification, and Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy modeling. The fuzzy C-means method is utilized to cluster the measurement data, and then using a subspace identification method based on Markov parameters concepts, the dynamic model of SG for each cluster is obtained in the form of a state space model. A Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is applied to determine the corresponding outputs based on the measured inputs and the available state space models. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by applying it to the data obtained from simulations on a known fourth-order SG nonlinear model and the data obtained from real-world experimental tests.

Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Substrate Characteristics (Challenge) and Innovation

Modern society is characterised by its outstanding capacity to generate waste. Lignocellulosic biomass is most abundant in nature and is biorenewable and contains energy sources formed via biological photosynthesis from the available atmospheric carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, constituting a complex polymer. The traditional disposal of these types of waste is associated with several environmental and public health effects; however, they could be harnessed to produce several value-added products and clean energy. Moreover, the increase in population and industrialisation have caused current energy resources to be continuously exploited, resulting in the depletion of global fuel reservoirs. The overexploitation of resources has caused negative environmental effects such as climate change, exacerbating global greenhouse gas emissions. In the quest to meet the world’s future energy needs and adequate management of these types of waste, the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass has remained the focus, attracting great interest as a sustainable alternative to fossil carbon resources. However, substrate characteristics offer recalcitrance to the process, which negatively impacts the methane yield. Nevertheless, the biodigestibility of these substrates can be enhanced through chemical, physical, and biological pretreatment methods, leading to improvement in biogas yields. Furthermore, the co-digestion of these substrates with other types and adding specific nutrients as trace elements or inoculum will help to adjust substrate characteristics to a level appropriate for efficient anaerobic digestion and increased biogas yield.

The Effect of Vertical Skylights Designed in Buildings on Daylight Illumination

The fact that lighting plays an important role in the energy consumed by buildings, which have a large share in the total energy consumption in the world, requires more work to be done on daylight, which reduces the need for artificial lighting, saves energy in buildings and increases indoor comfort as well. Whether the current energy resources will exist in the future and the extent of the damage to the ecosystem as a result of the deterioration of the natural balance are discussed and discussed from different perspectives. At this point, with the thought of efficient use of energy, studies are carried out to reduce energy consumption and ensure sustainability in the field of lighting. In the building sector, which has a significant share in energy consumption, energy efficient design and sustainable architecture, which aims to use renewable energy sources and reduce energy consumption, are supported by planning and design criteria.
 In this study, the efficiency of skylights, which is one of the lighting methods with daylight, was investigated in accordance with the criteria specified in the relevant zoning legislation and the daylight standard in buildings. The effect of skylights on visual comfort and daylight performance in residential interiors that do not receive direct sunlight was analyzed with 3 different scenarios on spaces in different directions and floors with the help of the Design Builder simulation program. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the size of the spaces illuminated by the skylight, the length of the facade where the skylight is located, the floor where the space is located and its direction significantly affect the level of illumination. In line with the findings obtained in the study, it has been observed that the minimum skylight values given in the Planned Areas Zoning Regulation in force today do not provide sufficient daylight illumination, especially in the spaces on the ground floor. For this reason, solutions have been proposed to reach the level of visual comfort in spaces.

Tidal energy assessment with hydrodynamic modelling

<span lang="EN-US">The increasing demand for sustainable energy generation brings a need for tidal current energy resource exploration around the globe. Hydrodynamic modelling is an essential aspect to explore macro tidal sites. In the current research paper, a 2D hydrodynamic model is set up by utilizing the numerical application of Delft3D. The model is validated against the database results and the two macro tidal sites are identified along the coastline of Sarawak, Malaysia. The maximum available kinetic energy flux at the identified location is 0.6 kW/m2, during peak neap tide hours. This stands as a sound justification to have a detailed tidal energy assessment study in this area in future research.</span>

Three-dimensional Tidal Dynamic Characteristics and Tidal Current Energy Evaluation in the Southern Sea Area of Hainan Island

Tidal current energy is a kind of marine renewable energy. It has broad application prospects. In this paper, a three-dimensional tidal current numerical model was established, and the model was verified by the measured data of the tide level station. Based on the numerical model, the tidal current feature and tidal current energy distribution were accurately simulated and analyzed in the southern sea area of Hainan Island. The results showed that the annual average velocity of the current was evenly distributed among the space in the study area. But the annual cumulative time of typical velocity in different sea areas was different in space. C2 had more accumulative time for the low-velocity range (<0.4m/s) of the surface, while C1 had more accumulative time for the low-velocity range (<0.3m/s) of the water depth of 8.5m. C3 sea area had more accumulative time in the high-velocity range at the surface (0.4~2.0m/s) and water depth of 8.5m (>0.3m/s). And the area with the highest annual average tidal current energy density at the water depth of 8.5m was C3, which is up to 128.40w/m2. C2 sea area had the smallest energy, only 62.63w/m2. Compared with C1 and C2 sea areas, the C3 area should be developed emphatically when developing tidal current energy resources in this sea area.

Exploration and Development of Marine Renewable Energy in Fujian Province Towards Carbon Neutrality

To achieve peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality, marine renewable energy plays an essential role in energy transition in China’s coastal areas. Fujian Province is not only exposed to a shortage of traditional energy resources, but also urgently needs to change its current coal-based energy structure to reduce carbon emissions. In contrast to the scarcity of fossil fuels, Fujian Province has rich marine energy reserves, with an abundant supply of offshore wind, wave, tidal, and ocean current energy. Therefore, the active development of low-carbon and carbon-free marine energy can increase the energy supply and alleviate energy shortages. Furthermore, it can optimize the structure of the energy sector in this region. This study analyzed the energy structure of the Fujian Province, the effort needed to reach the carbon neutrality goal, the reserves of marine energy resources, the background of marine energy development technology, and socio-economic conditions. We believe that the development of the marine energy is a critical action towards solving the current energy resource limitations in Fujian and subsequently propose relevant suggestions for marine energy industry development in Fujian Province in terms of development ideas and pathways.

Перспективи впровадження деяких типів теплових насосів в Україні

Energy efficiency is one of the critical areas of ensuring sustainable development. One of the promising technologies in this context is heat pump technology for heat supply. Such technologies have been widely implemented in the EU for several decades. At the same time, very few projects with powerful heat pumps have been implemented in Ukraine, which is explained by their high cost. However, given the current energy resource prices, Ukraine's heat pumps are already becoming competitive. The paper examines the Levelized cost of heat energy from systems with heat pumps of the "soil-water" and "air-water" types and a gas boiler house at various discount rates and prices for electricity and natural gas. It is shown that domestically produced ground source heat pumps are primarily competitive.

Research on Analysis Method of Tidal Current Energy Resource Characteristics

Abstract In the demonstration and validation of tidal energy converters, analyzing the characteristics of tidal current energy resource in the demonstration sea area of tidal energy converters is a key step to evaluate the economic performance of the tested tidal energy converter. Based on analyzing the research status and the evaluation demands of economic performance indicators of tidal energy converters at home and abroad, the analysis method of tidal current energy resource assessment and characterization was studied, a method for calculating the cumulative frequency of tidal current velocity was proposed, and it was applied in the processing and analyzing the tidal current field test data. Moreover, using the analysis results of tidal current energy resource characteristics, the annual energy production of the tested tidal energy converter was calculated. The results show that the analysis method studied in this technical note can analyze the tidal current energy resource characteristics comprehensively and objectively, and the proposed calculation method of cumulative frequency can reflect the availability of the tidal energy converter in the demonstration sea area. The research results not only provide a reference for analyzing the tidal current energy resource characteristics in the demonstration sea area of tidal energy converters, but also provide a reference for calculating the annual energy production of tidal energy converters.

Study on Critical Factors Affecting Tidal Current Energy Exploitation in the Guishan Channel Area of Zhoushan

As a new type of clean and renewable energy, tidal current energy has attracted more and more attention from scholars. The Zhoushan Guishan Channel area (GCA) is an important part of the East China Sea port area, with strong currents due to its special terrain. In order to more comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of tidal energy development near the GCA, this paper uses the MIKE21 FM hydrodynamic model to simulate the tidal hydrodynamic process in the Zhoushan sea area and verifies the reliability of the model through the measured data. Based on the results of numerical simulations, the energy flow density, frequency of flow rate occurrence, flow asymmetry, flow rotation, and effective flow time that can be exploited are considered as the key factors affecting the development of tidal current energy. The distribution characteristics of each influencing factor in the region and the different influences on tidal current energy development are analyzed. Numerical simulations show that the average high-tide velocity in the GCA is lower than the ebb-tide velocity, and the duration of the high tide is also shorter than that of the ebb tide, which has a higher flow velocity than the surrounding area. The annual average energy flow density in the GCA is the highest at 4520 W/m2, and the spatial distribution is uneven. The resource level in the central part is much higher than that at both ends of the waterway. Three sections, i.e., A-A′, B-B′, and C-C′, with different key influence factors are selected for specific analysis, and it is concluded that the tidal energy development conditions are relatively superior near the B-B’ section in the middle of the GCA, and the exploitable power calculated using the Flux method is about 24.19 MW. The discussion of the results provides a certain reference for the development of local tidal current energy. These key factors affecting tidal current energy development can also be applied to assess the suitability of tidal current energy resource development in other regions.

Current and future wind energy resources in the North Sea according to CMIP6

Abstract. We explore the changes in wind energy resources in northern Europe using output from historical to mid-21st century CMIP6 simulations and the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario. This study improves upon many assumptions made in the past. First, we interpolate the winds to hub height using model-level raw data; second, we use a large ensemble of CMIP6 models; third, we consider the possible wake effects on the annual energy production of a large wind farm cluster proposed for the North Sea. The common practice of extrapolating 10 m wind speeds to turbine height using the power law with a constant shear exponent is often a poor approximation of the actual turbine-height wind speed. This approximation can exaggerate the future changes in wind resources and ignore possible surface roughness and atmospheric stability changes. The evaluation of the wind climatologies in the CMIP6 models over the North Sea for the historical period shows good correspondence with measurements from tall masts and three reanalysis data points for 16 of the 18 models. Some of the models run at relatively high spatial resolution are as good as the reanalyses at representing the wind climate in this region. Our results show that annual mean wind speed and wind resources in northern Europe are not particularly affected by climate change in 2031–2050 relative to 1995–2014, according to a subset of 16 models in the CMIP6 collection. However, the seasonal distribution of these resources is significantly altered. Most models agree on reductions in the future wind in summer in a band that extends from the British Isles to the Baltic Sea and on increases in winter in the southern Baltic Sea. The energy production calculations show that summer energy production in a planned large wind farm cluster in the North Sea could be reduced by a median of 6.9 % during 2031–2050 when taking into account the wind farm wakes (that accounts for −0.7 %) and the changes in air density (that account for −0.9 %).

A comparative study of methods for calculating the exploitable amount of tidal energy

As a kind of clean renewable energy, tidal current energy has a great prospect of development and utilization in China's coastal areas, but there is no unified method for evaluating tidal current energy resources. This paper firstly simulates the tidal field in Zhoushan sea based on a numerical model, analyzes the overall characteristics of tidal currents in the sea, selects the Guimen Channel with high energy density, and compares four tidal energy calculation methods, namely the Farm method, the Flux method, the Garrett method and the Lidan method, which are widely used at present, to evaluate the exploitable amount of tidal energy in the region. The results show that the results of Farm, Flux, and Lidan methods are in good agreement, while the conclusions of the Garrett method are more different from these three methods, and the differences may be related to their assumptions. The annual average current velocity in this area can reach 1.97 m/s, and the highest current velocity exceeds 4.5 m/s. The average water depth is 40 m. The exploitable tidal current energy is above 40 MW, which is suitable for large-scale installation and provides some reference for the local tidal current energy development and utilization.

Can nuclear energy technology budgets pave the way for a transition toward low‐carbon economy: Insights from the United Kingdom

AbstractThe energy resources of the economies play a critical role in reaching the 2030 and 2050 decarbonization targets. In this respect, research and development budgets for nuclear energy (NRD), which constitutes one‐fifth of the current energy resources in the United Kingdom, can be a step in the transition to a low‐carbon economy. However, the current literature neglects the impact of NRD on environmental quality for the United Kingdom. Thus, this paper explores the impact of NRD on CO2 in the United Kingdom by controlling income, trade openness, and financial development from 1974 to 2020 with a non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach. Empirical findings confirm the asymmetrical relationship between NRD and CO2. In this context, while positive changes in NRD reduce environmental degradation, negative changes in NRD hinder environmental sustainability. Another finding is that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid. Furthermore, the results show that while economic growth and trade openness reduce environmental quality, financial development contributes to environmental quality. Considering these findings, financial deepening activities should continue in the United Kingdom. More resources should be allocated to nuclear energy research and development budgets in the transition to a low‐carbon economy.

Liability accounting of natural resource assets from the perspective of input Slack—An analysis based on the energy resource in 282 prefecture-level cities in China

Natural resource assets-liabilities accounting is an essential theoretical and institutional innovation in constructing China's ecological civilization. As the primary account of the natural resources balance sheet, energy resources have typicality and representativeness. Unlike previous research focused on theoretical and practical research, this paper fully considers energy resources' exhaustibility and ecological value, and it organically combines the input slack based on the total factor productivity framework with the accounting of energy resources assets-liabilities. Employing the slack-based model with undesirable output and collecting samples including 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2019, this paper analyzes the energy resources assets-liabilities characteristics and evolution mechanism. The results show that the slack-based model with undesirable output effectively measures the excessive input of energy resources and the current energy resources assets-liabilities caused by backward utilization technology and configuration management. From 2006 to 2019, the average assets-liabilities of energy resources in China's prefecture-level cities show a growing trend and club convergence. Finally, the energy resources assets-liabilities in the initial, comprehensive, and post-industrialization economic development stages have significant differences and roughly conform to a U-shape. The conclusions obtained in this paper provide cases for the preparation and research of the natural resources assets-liabilities accounting and contribute to the rational utilization and scientific management of China's natural resources.

Optimization of Printing and Dyeing Energy Consumption Based on Multimedia Machine Learning Algorithm

In order to solve the problem with the expansion of the industrial scale, the contradiction between energy resources and development of printing and dyeing enterprises must implement refined management and optimize the allocation of resources such as production technology, energy consumption types, and metering instruments. As a printing and dyeing textile industry with high energy consumption and high pollution, energy conservation and emission reduction have become difficult problem to be solved in this industry. The premise of optimizing resource allocation is to have an objective and scientific evaluation of the current energy resource allocation of printing and dyeing enterprises. In view of this, through the investigation of printing and dyeing enterprises, this paper puts forward the index system of enterprise energy consumption optimization evaluation. Based on the application of data warehouse and combined with historical data, a new energy consumption optimization evaluation method is proposed. This survey has basically understood the current situation of energy and water resources management of a printing and dyeing enterprise and pointed out the direction for the development of enterprise energy optimization project in the next step. By means of multimedia informatization, with the help of Internet of Things sensing technology, building a new generation of energy management system, improving the refined management of energy measurement, and improving the energy assessment system, enterprises can achieve significant economic and social benefits in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction. On this basis, a low-power scheduling strategy for typical data center applications is designed and implemented. The algorithm uses the input data of different calculation parts, performs matching to determine the redundant part of the calculation process, and schedules the algorithm. Experimental data show that the mean square error of the limit tree is 0.0004248 and the mean square error of the decision tree is 0.01581; through calculation, the algorithm can achieve 23% and 17% energy saving.

Green Cloud Computing: A Futuristic Approach

By providing numerous services through the internet and utilizing a variety of resources, cloud computing is a solution to diverse computational difficulties. Problems with energy use and carbon emissions are constant in the IT sector. Datacenters are an essential component of cloud computing. Because of this, there is a growing desire to open more and more datacenters. The greater power consumption at data centres raises the costs on an economic and environmental level. Additionally, the greenhouse effect and carbon footprint have increased due to the increasing release of CO2 and other gases. These are the forces driving the development of green computing. This paper provides a quick insight to cloud computing, associated pertinent research, and several strategies for using green computing. To ensure that the current energy resources are used for our future generations as well as to preserve the environmental balance by reducing carbon emissions, measurement, modelling, and prediction of the energy consumed by various organizations are required. In this work, various research concerns about the application of green computing are elaborated, along with potential answers.