Current Electric Motor Research Articles

Electric Bicycle Design with Power Charging by Using Wheel Rotation

The development of the world of transportation is growing rapidly at this time with all the conveniences offered and very helpful to humans. One of them is an electric bicycle that can be used for everyday vehicles. Electric bicycles are vehicles that do not use fuel and do not cause air pollution or noise. The main components of this electric bicycle are direct current electric motors without brush, controller and generator, and batteries as a substitute for fuel. Based on the above reasons, this study designed an electric bicycle that utilizes wheel rotation as charging so that the electric bicycle can run continuously without charging to the power source. Testing tool on this bicycle consists of two parts, namely: with a load of 55 kg and no load. The maximum speed of this electric bicycle is 40 km/h. From the test results will be obtained the magnitude of speed, voltage and current.

Проектирование искусственного интеллекта на базе нейронной сети с нечеткой логикой для прогнозирования аварийных значений тока в якоре электродвигателя

Проектирование искусственного интеллекта на базе нейронной сети с нечеткой логикой для прогнозирования аварийных значений тока в якоре электродвигателя

Economic analysis of photovoltaic energy in irrigating lettuce crops

Irrigated agriculture is extremely important for Brazil and this technology has increasingly spread among small producers in the country. Irrigation systems located in olive groves add high rates of productivity to plants, especially hardwood vegetables. However, it is necessary to invest in sustainable technologies which reduce energy costs in localized irrigation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the technical and economic viability of photovoltaic energy through simulating a drip irrigation system for lettuce crops. Tests were carried out on a hydraulic bench with drip irrigation simulations and set performance curves of the set were compared with the energy from the conventional system (electric grid) and photovoltaic energy. To do so, a direct current electric motor pump and an alternating current electric motor pump were used. The results showed that the use of irrigation for the lettuce crop promoted by photovoltaic energy reduced energy costs by 83.80% when compared to conventional energy.

Design and experimental testing of a control system for a morphing wing model actuated with miniature BLDC motors

The paper deals with the design and experimental validation of the actuation mechanism control system for a morphing wing model. The experimental morphable wing model manufactured in this project is a full-size scale wing tip for a real aircraft equipped with an aileron. The morphing actuation of the model is based on a mechanism with four similar in house designed and manufactured actuators, positioned inside the wing on two parallel lines. Each of the four actuators used a BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) electric motor integrated with a mechanical part performing the conversion of the angular displacements into linear displacements. The following have been chosen as successive steps in the design of the actuator control system: (A) Mathematical and software modelling of the actuator; (B) Design of the control system architecture and tuning using Internal Model Control (IMC) methodology; (C) Numerical simulation of the controlled actuator and its testing on bench and wind tunnel. The morphing wing experimental model is tested both at the laboratory level, with no airflow, to evaluate the components integration and the whole system functioning, but also in the wind tunnel, in the presence of airflow, to evaluate its behavior and the aerodynamic gain.

Vibration model as a system of coupled oscillators in a direct current electric motor

This article describes a vibration model connected by individual nodes of a DC motor. The purpose of the article is a mathematical model allowing to predict the work of machines with a depreciation resource and search for ways to increase the information content of assessing the functioning of the rolling stock condition without dismantling them. Currently, the operational reliability of the DC motor is reduced after the development of the service life. Study and evaluation of the vibration effect on the brush-collector node. The main components of the DC motor (bearings, electrical brushes) are unrecoverable. Therefore, any interference with their normal operation leads to premature wear of the entire DC motor. Existing methods for life-extending maintain the operational reliability of a DC motor equal or close to the passport data for several years. This model allows vibration diagnostics without dismantling the DC motor and stopping the rolling stock. The mathematical model describes the oscillations of each node of the DC motor in the direction of movement of the rolling stock, showing the excess of the permissible value. After mathematical processing of the results, a machine reliability model under study is obtained (usually in the form of polynomials) as a function of the needed parameters – the influencing factors. Due to this model, pre-detected defects can save on repairs and maintenance in the future. This model is the basis of software for online diagnostics. The proposed model allows providing an objective use of repair and restoration compositions depending on the current technical condition, which will lead to an increase in the service life of the mechanism and savings in operating costs. On the one hand, extending the operating life of a DC motor should produce an economic effect, and on the other hand, technical measures to maintain operational reliability cause an increase in material costs.

SIMULACIÓN Y CONTROL DEL SUMINISTRO DE REACTANTES Y REGULACIÓN DE LA TEMPERATURA DEL AIRE EN UN SISTEMA DE CELDAS DE COMBUSTIBLE TIPO PEM CON CAPACIDAD DE 50 KW

Nonlinear models of both a heat exchanger for cathode and a direct current electric motor to drive the compressor are sized and incorporated to the mathematical model of a PEM fuel cell system with capacity of 50 kW of net power intended to propel an electric vehicle. A balance of plant is achieved through several controllers to the main control loops. A Model Reference Adaptive Controller is used to regulate the oxygen excess ratio manipulating the voltage applied to the electric motor. Proportional-Integral controllers are designed to regulate the air temperature entering to the cathode and to minimize the pressure difference between the cathode and anode. Despite the non-minimum phase behavior observed in the net power delivered by the stack, the closed-loop system tolerates changes in current demand and keeps the compressor operating in its region of maximum efficiency.

Analysis of Three Phases Asynchronous Slip Ring Motor Performance Feedback Type 243

Induction motor is an Alternating Current Electric Motor (AC), this motor most widely used. There are two types of rotor on three-phasess asynchronous motor, the squirrel-cage rotor and the slip ring rotor. Every motor has its own characteristic, it have been affect the used of the motor. In this research is aiming to know three-phasess asynchronous slip ring motor performance on unloaded and loaded condition. On its condition, the variation resistance starting from 0Ω - 25Ω. The results of three-phasess asynchronous slip ring motor on unloaded condition having maximum output power 58 W and maximum torque 0.22 Nm in 25Ω of resistance. While in the condition loaded having a maximum P in 131,5 W, maximum P out 109,31 W, maximum torque 2,08 Nm and maximum efficiency 95%. The analysis was done by knowing the relation between torque vs speed and efficiency vs load. The result shows that the increasing of motor speed have been give affect the decreasing of motor torque in according with the torque formula. In the other result, it can be seen that increasing of the load, efficiency have been increase

Methods for rotational speed reduction for alternating current electric motors

The analysis of rotational speed reduction methods for alternating current electric motors are given, assigned to low-speed electric drives of various power levels. The integrated classification of electric machines of well-known types is given, the rotational speed reduction method being used as the basis. The main advantages and disadvantages, defining perspectives for the application in various low-speed electric drives, are explained. The approximate bounds of engineering expediency of the applications of the motors are given for obtaining certain assessments in selection of a type of the drive motor.

Modeling the impact of discretizing rotor angular position on computation of field-oriented current components in high speed electric drives

Modern drives consist of alternating current electric motors, and the field-oriented control (FOC) of such motors enables fast, precise, and robust regulation of a drive's mechanical variables such as torque, speed, and position. The control algorithm, implemented in a microprocessor, requires feedback from motor currents, and the quality of this feedback is essential to a drive's control properties. Motor phase currents are sampled and processed in order to extract their mean over a digital control interval. Afterwards, the mean phase currents are transformed into a rotating field-oriented reference frame to enable controlling the mechanical variables. The field-oriented frame rotates continuously, but in practice the transformation is carried out using a discrete angular position. This paper investigates how the discretization impacts the computed field-oriented currents in high speed drives, where the rotor displacement during a control interval is substantial. A continuous-time model of field-oriented currents is indicated as a reference to quantify errors. An original approach to normalize variables and to solve the model analytically is proposed in order to investigate how the errors related to rotor position discretization are influenced by drive operating conditions. The analytical solution is validated by computer simulation. The results show that the currently applied methodology of computing field-oriented current components, due to an invalid assumption, introduces errors of a few percent when a drive operates at high speed. These errors can be compensated using the presented solution.

English

The work aimed to study the behavior of a prototype planted simultaneously three times with solid fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, of variable rates and desired quantities. For the evaluation of the prototype, a test bench was built where helical doses and their respective direct current electric motors; three tanks for storage of fertilizers were used. Also used were: A source (12 V-DC), three power drivers (MOSFET), acquisition board and control software. The tests were performed with LabVIEW®8.6 to control the rotation of the axes, record data in maps of soil fertility and geographical location. The results showed that application values showed an error of 3:56% at the rate of 45 kg/ha and an error of 1.78% at the rate of 85 kg/ha. However, the slightest mistake was on rotation of 26 to 30 rpm because the ratio flow rates had error <1%. Therefore, the dosing speed became maximum of 35 rpm; making the variation of the theoretical flow rate from 2.6 to 93.7 kg/ha. But with low flow rate, the error was 8.3% to 4 rpm on products of  9.79 kg/ha.   Key words: Data acquisition board, flow rate, helical feeders, varying rates, power drivers.

Model Pembelajaran Praktik Pengayaan Motor Listrik Arus Searah Berbantuan Program Delphi

This study aims to determine the quality of the direct current electric motor enrichment practice learning media utilizing the Delphi program, the effectiveness of the media, and the enrichment practice learning model utilizing the Delphi program. This study was categorized as a research and development. The subjects of the study were 15 students of the Electrical Engineering department in Engineering Faculty of Yogyakarta State University. The data was analysed descriptively and described in frequency distribution categories. The results of the study were: (1) the quality of the developed materials and the quality of the developed media were categorized as very good and good respectively (2) the effectiveness of the materials was categorized as good (3) the applicable procedure of the developed learning media for the students

An asymptotic differentiation approach of signals in velocity tracking control of DC motors

An output feedback dynamic control scheme is proposed for efficient velocity trajectory tracking tasks for direct current (DC) electric motors. An asymptotic differentiation approach of signals is also introduced and applied for real-time angular acceleration estimation. The novel feature of this differentiator of signals is that it does not require any system mathematical model. Hence the presented differentiation approach admits a wide variety of practical applications in diverse electric power systems that require signal differentiation for their control and identification. The synthesis of the differentiation scheme considers the possible practical scenario of contaminated output signals with reasonably small noise. Some computer simulations results are included to show controller robustness to reject completely unknown chaotic load torque disturbances and parametric uncertainty, as well as effectiveness of the differentiation scheme of signals.

Signal differentiation in position tracking control of dc motors

An asymptotic differentiation approach with respect to time is used for on-line estimation of velocity and acceleration signals in controlled dc motors. The attractive feature of this differentiator of signals is that it does not require any system mathematical model, which allows its use in engineering systems that require the signal differentiation for its control, identification, fault detection, among other applications. Moreover, it is shown that the differentiation approach can be applied for output signals showing a chaotic behavior. In addition a differential flatness control scheme with additional integral compensation of the output error is proposed for tracking tasks of position reference trajectories for direct current electric motors using angular position measurements only.

Brushless Direct Current Electric Motor Design with Minimum Cogging Torque

Brushless Direct Current Electric Motor Design with Minimum Cogging Torque

Microstructure design and analysis of rotor and stator in three-phase permanent magnet brushless direct current electric motor with low rare earth material

Various hemicycle groove microstructures of surface permanent magnets and tooth surface stators are simulated to improve the motor performance by a finite-element analysis software in this study for designing, analysing and optimising and observation of the magnetic field strength distribution and to reduce the cogging torque in the permanent magnet brushless direct current motors. The output torque variation in the surface permanent magnet brushless direct current motor does not vary much or varies by a no more than 10% decrement in the situation of decreasing magnetic field strength while reducing the permanent magnet volume. The cogging torque of the optimal combination of the surface permanent magnet brushless direct current motor can be abated 62·4%, but the output torque is only decreased by 6·5% approximately because the usage amount of the rare earth permanent magnet volume in the designed surface permanent magnet brushless direct current motor is reduced by 5·3%. Finally, a prototype of the three-phase radial-flux surface permanent magnet brushless direct current motor with low rare earth material has been manufactured to verify the optimal simulation design.

Solar Vehicles Design for Urban Use: Case Adapted to Cuitláhuac Veracruz

Solar energy has now proved, surprisingly, an excellent alternative energy. Particularly Mexico and Veracruz area lies within the world's sunbelt sun being an invaluable source of energy that has not been exploited in all its aspects.The main objective of this paper is to show the efficiency of a prototype electric car for urban use powered by a photovoltaic system. This car must have a minimum of 4hours autonomy with a speed of 70km / h and be able to carry four persons weighing not more than 800kg. During the first stage is the design of a sedan car with a direct current electric motor, the design is very important for mechanical components are light as it is vital to save energy.The next study explains the calculations about braking force between the tire and the road and validates the forces applied to the vehicle steering system.This paper is proposed by the Technological University Center in Veracruz and Industrial Maintenance Area, through this project seeks to raise awareness of the benefits and advantages in the use of renewable energy sources to boost vehicles.

Output feedback control for robust tracking of position trajectories for DC electric motors

A generalized PI-like output feedback dynamic control scheme with additional integral compensation of the output error is proposed for robust tracking tasks of position reference trajectories for direct current electric motors with speed reduction gear head, using measurements of angular displacement only. The integral compensation is used to improve the robustness property of the controller, in regards to parametric uncertainty and variable load torque, and avoid the application of asymptotic estimation methods of the state vector. A family of Taylor polynomials approximates the perturbation signals, in order to reduce the control design complexity. These signals are compensated by the integral control action directly. Experimental and simulation results describe the effective performance of the control scheme proposed in this paper as an alternative solution to the efficient angular position control problem of direct current electric motors.

Comparing batteries to generators as power sources for use with mobile robotics

This paper considers the scaling principles associated with the power and energy density of batteries and generators as applied to mobile robots and similarly-sized vehicles. We seek to identify, based on present technology, the size range at which a generator inclusive of a direct current electric motor, gearbox, and internal combustion engine can be effectively used to replace modern batteries. Models were derived to scale each component of the generator as a function of power, mass, efficiency, and speed. For a given power, energy, or mass requirement, these models illustrate that generators based on conventional technology are ill-suited for smaller robots. The results indicate that there is an intermediate robot size above which a hybrid generator/battery architecture is desirable. Using these scaling principles with modest extensions of existing battery technologies, it is also possible to infer the near-future performance of robot power technology and thus illustrate whether the generator-versus-battery tradeoff will shift toward or away from a hybrid robot topology for smaller vehicle systems.

Thin-film High Voltage Capacitors for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Inverter Applications

The propulsion system in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) requires an alternating current (AC) electric motor in combination with an internal combustion engine. When the HEV is being propelled by the AC motor, the power for the motor is provided by batteries whose direct current (DC) voltage is chopped into an AC waveform via an electronic device called a power inverter. Capacitors known as DC bulk capacitors are placed between the battery and the inverter to “decouple” the AC switching inverter from the power source. Power electronics inverters use several large high voltage discrete DC bulk capacitors, which negatively influence the inverter's size, weight and are a high cost item in the assembly. The use of a high dielectric constant (Dk) ferroelectric material enables smaller, higher temperature capable, lower-cost power capacitors. Ceramic ferroelectrics, such as (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 [PLZT], offer the highest dielectric constants. Argonne National Laboratory is developing a novel film-on-foil technology for high-power capacitors utilizing PLZT. These capacitors, with an increasing dielectric constant with temperature, low equivalent series resistance and a benign failure mode, are well suited for power applications. The PLZT is deposited onto a metal foil via a chemical deposition process and the top electrode metal (Pt or Al) is then deposited by electron beam evaporation onto the top surface of the dielectric thus creating the capacitor. This project involved the fabrication and electrical evaluation of film-on-foil capacitors for HEV inverter applications. Capacitors utilizing both nickel and platinum-on-silicon as the base substrate, and PLZT as the dielectric material were fabricated. These capacitors were tested for dielectric integrity, capacitance, voltage breakdown, and benign failure mode. Results from these mechanical and electrical evaluation tests will be presented. Key processing challenges and implementation methods will also be described.

On the question of the choice of designing coefficients for direct current electric motors

A method of the choice and correction of designing coefficients for direct current motors has been suggested. The method allows one to decrease the time of optimized calculation of a motor.