Current Crisis Situation Research Articles

ЗАЩИТА СОБСТВЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

The main documents that determine the legal status of the property of the Russian Federation, as well as Russian legal entities and citizens located abroad, are considered with an assessment of the risks of loss of property rights in the current crisis conditions. The analysis of the legislation of foreign countries on the protection of state property and procedures for the seizure of property of other countries is carried out. An assessment of the impact of the current crisis situation on the definition of priority target tasks of the state policy in the field of state property protection was carried out. Based on the assessment, the relevance of the development of legal documents aimed at protecting state property is substantiated. The necessity of observing the principle of inviolability of private property, even belonging to citizens of unfriendly states, as well as the need to comply with the fundamental principles of law in relation to all those who are in economic and legal relations with our country is justified.

Maintaining a Complex Building Culture: The Precarious State of Heritage Crafts in the United States

This article examines the current shortage of heritage craft workers in the United States and how the nation has reached the current situation of crisis. It considers the complexity of America’s building tradition and the role that immigration has played in the shaping of its built heritage. Through those immigrant traditions, it studies the desire for assimilation into American life through successive generations transitioning away from building craft. It concludes by exploring the current issues facing the heritage craft industries, the initiatives being undertaken to address these concerns, and the need to expand such practices.

기후변화와 인권

Climate change is distinct from natural disasters. It is caused by man-made carbon emissions, and at the same time it can be mitigated by man-made efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. Therefore, the damage caused by climate change should not be treated like a natural disaster. Governments and the international community are held accountable for the damage caused by climate change. Also, climate change is not just an environmental problem. Climate change affects essential aspects of individuals' lives. Individual rights can be immediately jeopardized by climate disasters and threatened in the long term by the cumulative effects of climate change. And these risks of climate change are more than temporary, they are increasing and ever-present risks. This is why the responsibility of the state to protect individuals from the dangers of climate change arises. To prevent the harms of climate change, we need to start the discussion from the perspective of ensuring climate rights. I would like to explain that states have an obligation to prevent climate change and to maintain a level of human rights. In order for climate rights to be guaranteed through domestic judicial procedures, the possibility of guaranteeing them through constitutional litigation should be examined. The content of climate rights is not directly stipulated in the Constitution. However, I argue that by interpreting the Korean Constitution, we can derive from the Constitution the obligations of the state to guarantee climate human rights, and then examine whether the state has properly fulfilled its obligations to guarantee climate rights. The climate human rights that are required to be protected from the risks of climate change can be specifically described as the fundamental rights under our Constitution: the right to life, the right to physical and mental health, the dignity and worth of the human person, the right to freedom of action in general, and the right to the environment. In addition, through the interpretation of the content of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution, the content and subject of the rights to be protected by the climate right should be expanded. Therefore, it is necessary to encompass the contents of climate human rights as a new human right requested to respond to the current climate crisis situation.

Mechanism of Promotion and Commercialization of Goods and Services in Current Situation

In the current crisis situation small and medium business cannot survive and develop, in case it has no advantages to its competitors in development and introduction of new goods and technologies into market. The key factor of today’s company competitiveness is the ability to combine off-line and on-line technologies of communicating with consumers of its goods and service. The article provides definitions of such notions as ‘promotion’, ‘commercialization’, ‘mechanism’ and studies effective ways of commercialization of innovative products covering certain needs of home and overseas markets. The impact of mechanisms of governmental and non-governmental regulation and support of enterprises was shown, as well as tools, both available and newly appearing, of promotion and commercialization, including tools of developing transport and logistical infrastructure. On the basis of trends in business developing and progressing revealed in implementing national projects and analysis of overseas markets open for promotion and commercialization of goods and service the article puts forward a mechanism of promotion and commercialization of goods and services, including those with innovative character and offered in new sphere of social and economic activity. This mechanism acts as a combination of two elements: internal, that covers enterprises and self-employed people and external, that includes mechanisms of governmental and nongovernmental regulation and support of enterprises.

Philosophy in the (Post) Humanitarian Mission of the University

Purpose. The current crisis situation is connected with the tendency to eliminate the philosophical basis of higher education, the classical university, whose mission is to form a certain type of state, culture, and person. Philosophy and humanities in general played an important role in forming the modern concept of man. In the context of the expansion of the information society and the development of the latest technologies (biotechnologies, artificial intelligence), which stimulates the world market, the problem of the fundamentals of the social and personal dimension of a person, his/her ability to consciously choose their own life, is becoming actualized. The main purpose of the article is in problematizing the development prospects for philosophy in a modern university, and its significance in the formation of a modern person with a certain level of self-awareness. To achieve this, the authors envisage providing a description of modern society, related trends in humanitarianism, determining the situation in university education, and characterizing the type of person or post-human that it mainly produces. Theoretical basis. The basis of the article is sociocultural anthropology. Originality. Trends in society and education, defined by the relationship between the state, education, and the market, reflect the situation of the post-human or trans-human, which is characterized by the creation of a nomadic subject with nomadic thinking. The crisis of the modern and classical university as an institution constituting a modern man is associated with the rapid development of technologies, the expansion of the information society, the orientation towards the knowledge economy, which subordinates the university to the market, requiring the formation of a person that corresponds to market feasibility. However, in today’s world, the realization of freedom priorities, the prevention of manifestations of unfreedom, the ability to critically interpret information, and distinguish between truth and falsehood are of great importance. The formation of this depends on the education system. But, the situation in higher education is determined by the dominance of techno-scientific understanding and development of the world, the priorities of the economy, economic viability, and profit. Under such conditions, the humanities and philosophy, in search of ways and means of their own survival, risk turning into a kind of techno-sophistry that produces various images. These images can be more or less successfully sold on the market, recreating a certain figure of a human-consumer and a human-transformer who obeys the post-truth situation, even appearing as an object of transformation by ideology or propaganda. Conclusions. It is, therefore, essential to form a person who is capable of critically comprehending the reasons for his/her choice, which can be provided by philosophy with the foundations of searching for truth. In the conditions of technological development, in view of the achievements of artificial intelligence, and the latest network resources, it is important in education not only to overcome the orientation towards professional fragmentation and to verify permanent knowledge but also direct live communication on the basis of critical thinking, which forms the basis in the process of cultivating a person by philosophy.

Crisis management: Developing PSIT structures for Ukrainians displaced persons in Slovakia

The way in which PSIT services are provided to national government institutions in Slovakia, the opportunities for professionalisation, training and social recognition of translators and interpreters differ from the standards of quality set by theory (e.g. Giambruno, 2014, Valero-Garcés, Tipton, 2017). The coutry has significant problems in the availability of PSIT in minority language combinations and fluctuation in the quality of the services provided (Štefková, Bossaert, 2019). In the face of a major increase in demand for PSIT in the current crisis situation related to the transfer of a large number of displaced persons from Ukraine the paper (1) reports on an initial research on the state of PSIT provision in this crisis situation in Slovakia and (2) on the basis of the needs analysis, describes the basis for setting up a sustainable PSIT translation and interpreting model.

STRATEGIC SCENARIOS FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The purpose of the paper is to develop the most probable scenarios and to determine the strategic directions and effective tools for the Ukrainian industrial recovery, which will ensure the resistance of the economy in the conditions of military challenges. The method of strategic scenarios allows to find out how the industrial development in Ukraine will develop in the course of war and post-war recovery. Methodology. The methods of system analysis and logical modeling were used to describe the transition of the Ukrainian production from the current situation of military crisis to the target one; structural analysis was used to determine the system of indicators characterizing the resistance of the industry. For this purpose, national (State Statistics of Ukraine) and international (World Bank, Eurostat official website) databases characterizing the level and structure of industrial development in the last 5 years were used. The method of calculation takes into account the criteria of changes in indicators: direction (growth/decline occurred); rate of changes based on the cumulative annual growth rate for the period of 5 years. The study was carried out using analytical methods of the influence of trends in the formation of strategic scenarios in unpredictable situations (conditions of wartime uncertainty), to assess changes in the probability of occurrence due to the actual occurrence of one of them, which made it possible to identify trends, justify scenarios and take them into account when analyzing the prospects for industrial development to strengthen the defense capabilities and economic growth of Ukraine. The results of the survey showed that the strategic scenarios for the industrial development of Ukraine will be adjusted as necessary for the post-war industrial recovery in case of a long-term external military threat to preserve the state sovereignty. The achievement of the set strategic goals depends on the driving forces determining the industrial development in Ukraine. As the main indicators characterizing the tendencies of industrial development in Ukraine, the indicators reflecting the efficiency of the use of productive forces have been chosen: indicators of industrial production efficiency; labor productivity; indicators characterizing innovative development; performance indicators of foreign economic activity and investment development. Taking into account the influence of each of the driving forces of industrial development in the conditions of wartime uncertainty, three scenarios of industrial development were developed: a conditionally positive scenario, in which the economic system will gradually stabilize due to the cessation of hostilities and the recovery of production capacities; a conditionally negative scenario, which will be characterized by the disintegration of the economic system, the destruction of energy infrastructure facilities, where negative trends will dominate; a conditionally neutral (basic) scenario, in which the disintegration of the economic system will not reach extreme levels, and industrial production will develop in areas not covered by hostilities. Practical implications. The key problem of restoring economic stability in Ukraine is to create conditions for favorable development of industrial business, which depends on balanced strategic policy decisions. The transformation of industry into an effective force for the revival of the Ukrainian economy in the conditions of the war and post-war period requires a balanced strategic management of the future development, because it is crucial to meet the unprecedented demands of the war on the available resources of the country and to prevent a social, humanitarian, economic, financial, environmental, military crisis. At the same time, traditional methods of indicative planning cannot take into account all factors of wartime uncertainty, therefore, the rationale of future development vectors based on scenario planning makes it possible to create conditions for minimizing threats and realizing potential opportunities. Value/originality. Strategic scenarios provide for better economic recovery planning with long-term national priorities, development strategies of related industries and sectors for ensuring the Ukrainian manufacturing resistance.

世界金融市场危机的发展与现状

世界金融市场危机的发展与现状

ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENTERPRISE

The article substantiates the importance of ensuring the financial and economic security of a critical infrastructure enterprise in wartime conditions. It was established that it serves as a guarantee of “survival” and the basis for maintaining a stable position of the business entity in wartime. The higher the stability of the enterprise, the lower the risk of the influence of external and internal factors on its economic and financial security and activity as a whole. The current crisis situation in the world and in Ukraine requires enterprises to quickly respond to external and internal challenges that can both positively and negatively affect the efficiency of the enterprise. The aggressor’s troops are attacking Ukrainian cities, shelling the civilian population, infrastructure, residential buildings, kindergartens, schools, colleges, and universities. As a result of the russian war, a large part of the energy infrastructure, which is critical for Ukraine, was damaged. Therefore, it is timely and relevant to assess the financial and economic security of a critical infrastructure enterprise. The article analyses the activities of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO”. The level of its financial and economic security is determined. Taking into account the realities of today, it should be noted that the financial condition of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO” can be characterized as difficult, crisis. A high probability of bankruptcy, a financial crisis, and the presence of “sick” items in the balance sheet are a sign of a low level of financial and economic security of the studied critical infrastructure enterprise. The scientific and applied principles of qualitative and quantitative factors that determine the peculiarities of the safety-oriented activity of the enterprise have been revealed. The main threats that destabilize the activity of the critical infrastructure enterprise have been systematized. Measures are proposed that will contribute to increasing the level of financial and economic security of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO”.

Russia in the Context of the Global Crisis

The article examines the features of the current situation in the world and the existing threats to Russia in its confrontation with the collective West. It is shown that the current global crisis is caused by the change of historical epochs and the transformation of the world system into a qualitatively new state. The old patterns stop working, it’s time to design the future. In these conditions, Russia has a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. But this requires a purposeful and wise policy.Aim. The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation in the world and substantiate Russia’s policy in the current conditions.Tasks. During the research, the following tasks were solved: modeling and forecasting world dynamics in the 21st century, identifying global trends, analyzing the features of the current crisis situation; analysis of the modern confrontation between the collective West and Russia; analysis of the tasks that Russia faces in the short, medium and long term, and justification of ways to solve them.Methods. The methodology for solving these problems is based on the identification of patterns of historical development using modern methods of modeling and forecasting world dynamics, developed at Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of Academician V. A. Sadovnichy.Results. The results of mathematical modeling have shown that humanity is currently moving to a fundamentally new phase of historical development, when the old economic and social technologies (liberal capitalism, classical socialism) no longer work. There is a transition of human society into a new phase state, the shape of which has not yet been determined. In these conditions, we are not talking about forecasting, but about designing the future in new historical conditions. The struggle of world projects begins. Russia’s strategy should be formed on the basis of understanding the specifics of the current situation.Conclusions. The current global crisis creates serious threats to Russia’s development, exacerbates the pressure on it from the collective West. However, at the same time, new opportunities are opening up for Russia: it gets a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. To realize this chance, a purposeful and wise policy is needed. The article suggests a number of measures to implement this policy.

Incorporando la bioética ambiental a los cuidados materno perinatales para disminuir los riesgos de la Pan-Sindemia en el proceso reproductivo.

Until now, the bioethical approach to maternal perinatal care is projected from the integral vision of bio-psycho-social health, the perspective of Human Rights and the gender perspective. In general, the ecological bioethics that arises from the perspective of environmental health has not been incorporated into maternal-perinatal care with regard to “global ethics”, environmental bioethics, the perspective of “consilience” and the importance of the healthy environment as a human right. The current global crisis situation due to the combination of the COVID 19 Pandemic and the Global Syndemic, characterized as Pan Syndemic, increases the risks and damages in the reproductive process, especially in populations violated in their rights. JUSTIFICATION It is necessary to minimize the effect of the Pan Syndemic on the human reproductive process. On the global agenda, humanity must reverse the causes of the Pan Syndemic. Meanwhile, health professionals and teams must reformulate their role when it comes to maternal-perinatal care, incorporating into the clinic the right to a healthy environment for reproduction. PERSPECTIVES Modifications in the clinical practice of sexual and reproductive health teams should be aimed at: incorporate ecological bioethics into maternal perinatal care from training to clinical practice; develop a comprehensive approach to major perinatal obstetric syndromes, prematurity and fetal growth restriction, to minimize the impact of the Pan Syndemic on the human reproductive process.

Development of accounting in Russia (1991–2021): The results and prospects

Subject. This article deals with the issues of reforming the accounting and reporting system in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of reforming the accounting and reporting system in Russia over the past thirty years and identify the main trends in its further development. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. Results. Based on the conducted analysis, the article shows the main ways of reforming accounting and reporting in Russia over the past thirty years, as well as possible trends in its further development. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes about the development of accounting in Russia in connection with the emergence of a number of important aspects, as well as the need to revise the main areas of reforming the accounting and reporting system under the current crisis situation and economic sanctions against Russia. The results of the study can be used to further develop the theory and methodology of accounting in the Russian Federation.

The role of digitalization and import substitution in improving the financial standing of St. Petersburg enterprises

Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the potential benefits of digitalization and import substitution for restoring the financial standing of St. Petersburg enterprises under the influence of crisis factors.Tasks. The authors conduct an economic analysis of the potential benefits of digitalization and import substitution for restoring the financial standing of enterprises in Russia in general and St. Petersburg in particular; analyze the financial standing of St. Petersburg enterprises in 2020–2022 to identify the most affected industries and beneficiaries of the current crisis; identify problematic aspects of the innovative development of St. Petersburg enterprises in the context of import substitution and digitalization; develop measures to improve its level.Methods. The study uses systems and logical approaches, economic-statistical and general scientific methods, including methods of comparative, economic, and financial analysis.Results. Trends in the development of the Russian economy under modern conditions are considered. The financial standing of St. Petersburg organizations are analyzed by type of economic activity and its dynamics in 2020–2022. Digitalization and import substitution are identified as factors affecting the development of the financial standing of enterprises. Emphasis is placed on the ways of using artificial intelligence systems and automation technologies in production processes. A SWOT analysis of macroeconomic factors affecting the innovative development of St. Petersburg enterprises in the context of import substitution is performed.Conclusions. Factors facilitating the restoration of the financial standing of St. Petersburg organizations include accelerated digitalization and import substitution. Analysis of the financial standing of St. Petersburg organizations in 2020–2022 shows that some industries have managed to adapt their business processes to the new conditions, while others remain in a difficult economic state and are looking for ways to recover. However, St. Petersburg enterprises have the opportunity to capitalize on the benefits of digitalization for recovery. Introduction of artificial intelligence is particularly important in the current crisis situation. A sound innovation policy for expanding import substitution and the range of available products is also an essential measure. The results of the study can be used to restore small and medium enterprises in St. Petersburg, increase investment activity in the region, solve economic problems, and implement measures to get on the path of sustainable growth of the city’s economy.

Meaning of life as a resource for coping with psychological crisis: Comparisons of suicidal and non-suicidal patients.

IntroductionMeaning is an important psychological resource both in situations of accomplishment and in situations of ongoing adversity and psychological crisis. Meaning in life underlies the reasons for staying alive both in everyday and in critical circumstances, fulfilling a buffering function with respect to life adversities.AimThe aim of the present study was to reveal the role of both meaningfulness, including specific sources of meaning and reasons for living, and meaninglessness (alienation) in patients suffering from profound crisis situations with or without suicidal intentions and behavior.MethodsThe sample included 148 patients (all Caucasian) who were referred to a crisis center in Moscow, Russia. Seventy-seven patients (54 females, mean age 32.00 ± 11.98 years) reported a current crisis situation in their life but denied suicidal thoughts or behavior. Twenty-nine patients (21 females, mean age 31.55 ± 13.76 years) reported suicidal ideations but denied suicidal attempts or self-harming behavior. Forty-two patients (31 females, mean age 30.64 ± 11.38 years) had episodes of suicidal attempts or self-harming behavior accompanied by suicidal intentions. There were no significant gender or age differences between groups.Participants completed a number of measures of different aspects of meaning and meaninglessness, well-being, ill-being and psychological resources. For some patients (N = 74), a clinical checklist was completed by their doctors assessing 28 various characteristics associated with the patient’s clinical status.Results and discussionMeaningfulness and reasons for living were more helpful in distinguishing between reactions to profound crisis situations (suicidal intentions versus non-suicidal behavior) than were measures of well-being, ill-being, meaning crisis or personality resources. In both suicidal and non-suicidal crisis patients meaningfulness predicted more positive reasons for living. The relationship between meaningfulness and most reasons for living remained significant after controlling for clinically appraised suicidal “readiness,” acute stress and lack of social support. Self-transcendence was the major specific source of meaning predicting higher reasons for living after adjusting for general meaningfulness.ConclusionThe data cast some light on the psychological meaning of suicide. It follows that prevention efforts are to be focused not on eliminating the factors “pushing” one to suicidal behavior, but rather on supporting inner strengths conducive of a positive decision, to be, through enhancing meaningfulness and reasons for living.

'Agere Contra' as a strategy for survival: a spiritual philosophical perspective to fight the COVID-19 crisis.

‘Agere Contra’ is a term introduced by St. Ignatius. The term comes from the Latin, meaning ‘to act against’ or ‘to act otherwise.’ In more depth, what conventional traders do does not necessarily go against government regulations. But they do the opposite, because on the basis of a higher than all, namely life. They are willing to sacrifice for their families to ‘go against’ government regulations, so that all their family members can still eat and survive in the current crisis situation.

뉴노멀 시대의 헌법개정

Under the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the state should be expanded. The state should not only guarantee the safety of individuals' lives from the risk of infection, but also help individuals to maintain their own lifestyle. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the spread of infection, the state has no choice but to restrict the freedom of assembly and association of individuals. If there is a limit to appropriately responding to new social phenomena triggered by COVID-19 through the application of the existing legal system, constitutional amendment needs to be considered as the next step. Looking back on the history of constitutional revision of the Republic of Korea in the past, the constitution has been amended for the purpose of legitimizing power in the context of political change. The constitutional amendment have not been tried for the purpose of adapting to social change. However, it is time to consider the constitutional amendment according to the needs of the people. And in the age of new normal of COVID-19, we need to consider the constitutional amendment to actively accommodate these social changes. However, it is true that it is practically difficult to amend the constitution through the constitutional amendment procedure stipulated in the current constitution. What made the constitutional amendment process difficult was to prevent the constitutional amendment from being misused by powered people. However, the democracy of the Republic of Korea has now stabilized to some extent, and society has changed significantly under the current constitution. Moreover, in the current crisis situation, constitutional amendment is requested. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the constitutional amendment procedure so that it is possible to amend the constitution if it is necessary to adapt to social change.

TOPICAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE MICROBIOME (AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TOPICAL ANTIBACTERIAL (ANTISEPTIC) AGENTS)

The problem of antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most urgent challenges for public health at the global level. An assessment by international experts shows that the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents is the cause of more than 700.000 deaths annually. Hence, only in the countries of the European Union, more than 25 thousand people die every year from infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Despite the widespread use of systemic antibiotics in all fields of medicine, topical treatment of pathological processes continues to successfully serve in dermatology, gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, dentistry, and other areas of healthcare. Worldwide, one can observe a significantly increased interest in the development of topical antiseptic (non-antibiotic by origin) agents and their introduction into clinical practice, both for separate use and in combination with specific medications of systemic action (iodine derivatives, chlorhexidine bigluconate, cidipol, cimesol, etc.). We analyzed the current crisis situation in medicine and its causes related to the progressive polyresistance of the microbiome to antibiotics. The paper provides an overview of modern antibacterial, antibiotic and antiseptic agents on the domestic pharmaceutical market. We draw the attention of scientists and the creative medical community to the insufficient number of domestic innovative developments of antibacterial drugs and the importance of a demanding attitude to antibiotic treatment in connection with polyresistance of microbial flora. The study emphasizes that the development of new non-toxic medicinal products and a wider introduction of already known topical antibacterial, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agents with proven effectiveness and a scientifically based application scheme are extremely relevant and necessary under conditions of antibiotic resistance of the microbiome.

Peculiarities of language teaching during the quarantine period at the Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education (the results of questionnaire data and of interviewing)

The year 2020 will be remembered for a long time for the worldwide spread of COVID-19, andall the unprecedented consequences it had caused. The extremely swift transition from in-class to online teachingmeant serious challenges for academia, both teachers and students. Aims. Therefore, our main objective wasto collect empirical evidence from instructors on how they coped with the tasks and challenges that they hadto face when starting teaching remotely. Methods. To better understand the undergoing processes and get insightsinto how language teachers at a higher educational establishment managed to solve the tasks they had to dealwith and complete successfully, we have created an online questionnaire for tutors to fill in during the first phaseof our investigation, while in the second one we used an interview, the results of which were analysed qualitatively.Results. The results revealed that for most of the instructors distance teaching was a completely new area ofexperience as they had not tried doing it before the pandemic. A crucial pedagogical implication derives fromВісник КНЛУ. Серія Педагогіка та психологія. Випуск 36. 202290this empirical evidence, namely, that it is of utmost importance that tutors be trained how to teach online.The factors that caused the most significant difficulties for the tutors were, among others, the assessment of studentperformance and knowledge. This finding also confirms the implication that tutors must be provided with thechance to develop their skills as online teachers. Conclusions. The second phase of our research highlighteda number of positive features of distance learning. First, students who were unable to participate in theeducational process prior to COVID-19, e.g. due to illness, are now able to join classes online, as the collegeprovides the technical background for this. Another benefit could be to involve renowned foreign speakersin the educational process. While our invited lecturers before COVID-19 came to our college in person andgave lectures to students, this is completely impossible due to the current crisis situation. However, the perfectsolution could be online connection.

Демографічна платформа формування модельного бюджету охорони здоров’я (реформаційне значення та актуарна оцінка).

The practice of social budgeting in Ukrainian healthcare sector requires certain improvement. This is determined by a number of factors: the limitedness of principles and simplification of the mechanisms for formation the budgets of medical institutions; the disregard for demographic factors, importance of which is growing in the context of the Pandemic-19; and the conduct of military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The article defines the theoretical foundations of the organization of healthcare social budget and the institutional characteristics of its improvement. The budgeting process in the country’s healthcare system is considered, including the history of healthcare reform, and its inconsistency with the needs of the population in medical treatment is noted. Risks in the healthcare budgeting process mostly emerge because of the disregard for demographic factors of population’s morbidity whose impact on budgeting significantly increases in the current crisis situation in Ukraine. Therefore, the problem of balancing local budgets and determining the amount of financial assistance based on an improved normative approach seems to be relevant. The aim of the article is to implement the problem of financial stabilization of the healthcare system based on the cost elasticity depending on demographic factors. The novelty of it is the theoretical substantiation and modeling of financial processes, taking into account the age-sex structure of the population. Along with the deductive one, the probabilistic research method was used. As a new approach to the organization of healthcare social budget, a funding model based on gender and age is proposed. A medical and demographic matrix has been developed that allows to perform various operative financial calculations and determine the cost of medical treatment of the population depending on the structure and dynamics of demographic factors.

ZnO-CuO nanoparticles enameled on reduced graphene nanosheets as electrode materials for supercapacitors applications

The current energy crisis situation, combined with the recent development of renewable energy resources, has promoted the development of energy storage materials for supercapacitors and rechargeable metal ion batteries. In this regard, metal oxide-based two-dimensional materials such as reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites have tremendous potential for the aforementioned purpose. The ZnO-CuO/rGO nanocomposites were designed and synthesized by a simple, cost-effective co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological analysis of synthesized nanomaterials ZnO, CuO, and ZnO.CuO/rGO nanocomposites were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rama spectra, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD pattern results of ZnO nanoparticles show wurtzite structure, copper oxide nanoparticles show monoclinic phase structure, and ZnO-CuO/rGO composites show a mixture of wurtzite, monoclinic phase, and hexagonal structure. The surface morphology of the ZnO-CuO/rGO nanocomposite shows the spherical and hexagonal-shaped ZnO-CuO nanoparticles uniformly arranged on the surface of graphene oxide sheets. The binding energy values of the nanocomposite confirm the oxidation states of Zn, Cu, C, and O elements in ZnO-CuO/rGO presented in the XPS studies. The electrochemical activity of the ZnO-CuO/rGO nanocomposite in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte exhibits a specific capacitance of 260.7 F/g at 0.5 A/g, high energy density, and excellent cycle stability. Even after 10,000 cycles, 98.7% of the initial supercapacitance remains. These findings suggest that the ZnO-CuO/rGO nanocomposite has a bright future as an electrode material in supercapacitors.