Curing Procedure Research Articles

ECOLOGICAL INNOVATION: THERMOSETTING RESINS AND WATER HYACINTH FIBER IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE BIO-COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT

<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Fibrous plants are renewable resources that are abundant in nature. Economically and ecologically, it is especially advantageous to create high-performance composites using inexpensive natural fibres like water hyacinth (Eichhornea crassipes). As a composite matrix, remarkable thermosetting resins like polyester are frequently utilized because polymer composites have excellent dimensional stability, thermal stability, and mechanical qualities. For this investigation, hot curing and solution impregnation procedures were used to create several composites from water hyacinth fibre and polymer. This study's objective is to ascertain how the textures alter when PVC and bio composite components are included. This research is being done to find out what changes polymer materials with fiber-reinforced nanoparticles make. This study uses the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipers) as a bio-composite material. This type of water hyacinth is usually only seen when the rivers are overflowing. The crystallinity index of water hyacinth fibre composite is 54.82%. The outside of the hyacinth composite is examined under a transmission electron microscope. Hyacinth fibre composite heat degradation is measured using the thermo gravimetric research technique. Additionally the result of this study is to find mechanical, chemical resistance, and morphological properties.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

Optimizing phage-based mutant recovery and minimizing heat effect in the construction of transposon libraries in Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a significant global public health threat, necessitating advanced methodologies to enhance our understanding of this organism at the omics levels. This study introduces a refined protocol for constructing and curing high-density transposon mutant (tn-mutant) libraries in S. aureus, addressing the challenges associated with low transductant yields, and the complex genetic manipulation mechanism in Gram-positive bacteria. Our methodology employs a Himar1 transposon based on a two-plasmid system, leveraging Himar1’s high insertional efficiency in AT-rich organisms. Enhanced transduction efficiency was achieved through chloramphenicol pre-treatment and the use of modified enriched media. Complementing this, an optimized plasmid curing procedure ensured a representative and stable tn-mutant library. The protocol was successfully applied to multiple S. aureus strains, demonstrating an increase in mutant recovery and reduced post-curing impact. The method offers a robust approach for Transposon Insertion Sequencing (TIS) applications in S. aureus, enabling deeper insights into survival, resistance, and pathogenicity mechanisms. This protocol holds a significant potential for accelerating the construction of tn-mutant libraries in various S. aureus strains.

Development of Environmentally Friendly and Economical Flood-Prevention Stones Based on the Sediments of the Yellow River.

The deposition of Yellow River sediment in the middle and lower reaches is a significant factor in the siltation of reservoirs and the occurrence of serious flooding along the river. The efficient and valuable utilization of Yellow River sediment has already become a key research topic in this field. In this study, we have employed Yellow River sediment as the primary material, in conjunction with commercially available slag, fly ash, and quicklime as the binder, to develop a novel type of artificial flood-prevention stone. Following a 28-day standard curing procedure, the highest compressive strength of the prepared artificial stone was recorded at 4.29 MPa, with a value exceeding 0.7 MPa under wet conditions. The results demonstrated that the prepared artificial stone met the specifications for artificial flood-prevention stones. The curing mechanism, as evidenced by analyses from SEM and XRD testing, indicated that the alkali excitation process in the binder, which produced C-A-S-H gel, was the key factor in enhancing the compressive strength of the specimens. Notably, an evaluation of the amount of CO2 emissions and the cost of the artificial stone concluded that the preparation process was both environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

Multiphysical testing of strength development of cemented paste backfill containing superplasticizer

Current laboratory procedures for curing and testing the mechanical strength of cemented paste backfill (CPB) do not take into account the complex Multiphysics (thermal, T; hydraulic, H; mechanical, M; chemical, C) processes that CPB structures are subjected to in the field. This oversight can lead to unreliable measurements and unsafe designs. In this study, a multiphysical curing and testing procedures for CPB with superplasticizer (CPB-PES) has been developed to evaluate its strength development under THMC curing conditions close to those encountered in the field. The obtained results demonstrated that the strength development of CPB-PES is greatly affected by the THMC factors and their interactions. The contributions of each one of the investigated THMC factors on the strength are not equally similar and greatly depend on the interaction between these factors and curing time. CPB samples with 0.125 % PES that underwent drainage during THMC curing showed a strength increase of up to 809 % after 28 days of curing, compared to the control samples. The strength of CPB-PES samples cured under THMC can be up to 57 % higher than that of samples cured under THC conditions. The results indicate a significant interaction between thermal (T; elevated field curing temperature) and chemical (C; superplasticizer and cement hydration) factors, between chemical (C) and mechanical (M; field curing stress) factors, as well as between thermal and mechanical factors. The influence of the mechanical factor on strength development was observed to be less pronounced compared to the impact of chemical and thermal factor, and is reduced at elevated curing temperatures. The findings underscore the critical importance of accounting for field-relevant THMC factors and their interactions in the determination of the CPB-PES strength development, which is essential for the design of safer and more economical CPB structures, ultimately enhancing mine productivity and safety.

Electrical Stimulation Induces Activation of Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway and Down-Regulates Heat Shock Proteins in Pork: An Innovative Strategy for Enhancing the Ripening Process and Quality of Dry-Cured Loin Ham.

A fundamental regulatory framework to elucidate the role of electrical stimulation (ES) in reducing long production cycles, enhancing protein utilization, and boosting product quality of dry-cured ham is essential. However, how mitochondria and enzymes in meat fibers are altered by ES during post-processing, curing, and fermentation procedures remains elusive. This study sought to explore the impact of ES on the regulation of heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70), apoptotic pathways, and subsequent influences on dry-cured pork loin quality. The gathered data validated the hypothesis that ES notably escalates mitochondrial oxidative stress and accelerates mitochondrial degradation along the ripening process. The proapoptotic response in ES-treated samples was increased by 120.7%, with a cellular apoptosis rate 5-fold higher than that in control samples. This mitochondrial degradation is marked by increased ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein along the time course, indicating that apoptosis could contribute to the dry-cured ham processing. ES was shown to further down-regulate HSP27 and HSP70, establishing a direct correlation with the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, accompanied by dry-cured ham quality improvements. The findings show that ES plays a crucial role in facilitating the ripening of dry-cured ham by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis to reduce HSP expression. This knowledge not only explains the fundamental mechanisms behind myofibril degradation in dry-cured ham production but also offers a promising approach to enhance quality and consistency.

Waste Glass Upcycling Supported by Alkali Activation: An Overview.

Alkali-activated materials are gaining much interest due to their outstanding performance, including their great resistance to chemical corrosion, good thermal characteristics, and ability to valorise industrial waste materials. Reusing waste glasses in creating alkali-activated materials appears to be a viable option for more effective solid waste utilisation and lower-cost products. However, very little research has been conducted on the suitability of waste glass as a prime precursor for alkali activation. This study examines the reuse of seven different types of waste glasses in the creation of geopolymeric and cementitious concretes as sustainable building materials, focusing in particular on how using waste glasses as the raw material in alkali-activated materials affects the durability, microstructures, hydration products, and fresh and hardened properties in comparison with using traditional raw materials. The impacts of several vital parameters, including the employment of a chemical activator, gel formation, post-fabrication curing procedures, and the distribution of source materials, are carefully considered. This review will offer insight into an in-depth understanding of the manufacturing and performance in promising applications of alkali-activated waste glass in light of future uses. The current study aims to provide a contemporary review of the chemical and structural properties of glasses and the state of research on the utilisation of waste glasses in the creation of alkali-activated materials.

Analysis of Carbon Black Proportion on Durability and Wear Behavior of EPDM Rubber

This study aims at understanding the effect of carbon black on mechanical properties of EPDM rubber. For this we select combination of carbon blacks N330 and N550 with standard curing procedure to minimize the wear rate and maximize durability. The EPDM rubbers were characterized using hardness, tensile, wear and durability tests. The coefficient of friction (COF), volume loss and wear rate of the EPDM rubbers were determined. It was found that with increasing CB content all above characteristics were reduced. Result shows that by using optimum combination of carbon black we can enhance wear performance and durability of EPDM rubber.

Assessment of Adaptability and Linear Dimensional Changes of Two Heat Cure Denture Base Resin with Different Cooling Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

The current study was designed to assess the linear dimensional changes and adaptability of two heat-cured denture base resins using various cooling methods. To prepare a total of 90 acrylic resin samples (45 acrylic resin samples for each material), four rectangular stainless-steel plates measuring 25 × 25 × 10 mm were fabricated. For both groups, the material was put into the mold at the dough stage. Group I - SR Triplex Hot Heat Cure acrylic; group II - DPI Heat Cure acrylic. Both groups used the same curing procedure. One of the following three techniques was used to cool the material (15 samples from each material) once the curing cycle was finished: (A) water bath, (b) quenching, and (C) air. A traveling microscope was used to measure the distance between the markings on the acrylic samples. The data was recorded and statistically analyzed. In SR Triplex Hot heat cure acrylic material, the maximum linear dimensional changes were found in the quenching technique (0.242 ± 0.05), followed by the air technique (0.168 ± 0.11) and the least was found in the water bath technique (0.146 ± 0.01). In DPI Heat Cure acrylic material, the maximum linear dimensional changes were found in the quenching technique (0.284 ± 0.09), followed by the air technique (0.172 ± 0.18) and the least was found in the water bath technique (0.158 ± 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference found between these three cooling techniques. On comparison of adaptability, the water bath technique, the marginal gap SR Triplex Hot was 0.012 ± 0.02 and DPI Heat Cure was 0.013 ± 0.02. In the quenching technique, the marginal gap SR Triplex Hot was 0.019 ± 0.04 and DPI Heat Cure was 0.016 ± 0.04. In the air technique, the marginal gap SR Triplex Hot was 0.017 ± 0.01 and DPI Heat Cure was 0.019 ± 0.01. The present study concluded that among the different cooling methods, the water bath technique had the least linear dimensional change, followed by the air and quenching techniques. When comparing the materials, DPI Heat Cure acrylic resin showed a greater linear dimensional change than SR Triplex Hot heat cure acrylic resin. During polymerization, heat-cured acrylic resins experience dimensional changes. Shrinkage and expansion are dimensional changes that occur in heat-cured acrylic resins and have an impact on the occlusal relationship and denture fit. However, the denture base's material qualities and the different temperature variations it experiences during production may have an impact on this. How to cite this article: Kannaiyan K, Rathod A, Bhushan P, et al. Assessment of Adaptability and Linear Dimensional Changes of Two Heat Cure Denture Base Resin with Different Cooling Techniques: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):241-244.

Magnesium Oxychloride Cement: Development, Opportunities and Challenges

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC), an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), has attracted increasing research interest for its excellent mechanical properties and its green and sustainable attributes. The poor water resistance of MOC limited its usage mainly to indoor applications; nevertheless, recent advances in water-resistant MOC have expanded the material’s potential applications from indoor to outdoor. This review aims to showcase recent advances in MOC, including water-resistant MOC and ductile fiber-reinforced MOC (FRMOC), exploring their potential applications including in sustainable construction for future generations. The mechanism under different curing procedures such as normal and CO2 curing and the effect of different inorganic and organic additives on the water resistance of MOC composites are discussed. In particular, the review highlights the recent developments in achieving over 100% strength retention under water at 28 days as well as advancements in FRMOC, where tensile strength has surpassed 10 MPa with a remarkable strain capacity ranging from 4–8%. This paper also sheds light on the potential applications of MOC as a fire-resistant coating material, green-wood-MOC composite building material, and in reducing solid waste industrial byproduct accumulations. Finally, this study suggests future research directions to enhance the practical application of MOC.

Upconversion 3D Bioprinting for Noninvasive In Vivo Molding.

Tissue engineered bracket materials provide essential support for the physiological protection and therapeutics of patients. Unfortunately, the implantation process of such devices poses the risk of surgical complications and infection. In this study, an upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-assisted 3D bioprinting approach is developed to realize in vivo molding that is free from invasive surgery. Reasonably designed UCNPs, which convert near-infrared (NIR) photons that penetrate skin tissues into blue-violet emission (300-500 nm), induce a monomer polymerization curing procedure in vivo. Using a fused deposition modeling coordination framework, a precisely predetermined trajectory of the NIR laser enables the manufacture of implantable medical devices with tailored shapes. A proof of the 3D bioprinting of a noninvasive fracture fixation scaffold is achieved successfully, thus demonstrating an entirely new method of in vivo molding for biomedical treatment.

Sustainable Use of Gum Acacia as a Biopolymeric Additive in Ultra‐High Performance Concrete

The main objective of this research is to analyze whether biopolymer (gum acacia) can be used as an admixture for ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) and to elucidate the strength, durability, microstructure, and transport properties of biopolymer (gum acacia) incorporated UHPC mixes in combination with the shrinkage reducing agent (SRA). The mechanical, thermal, and durability aspects of UHPC were studied at different ages and curing conditions by adding gum acacia in combination with the SRA. After 28 days under hybrid curing, the compressive strength increased by 22.19% and the flexural strength increased by 41.59% for 1% biopolymer addition. The highest strength and durability were obtained using the hybrid curing procedure using superplasticizer and gum acacia biopolymer at a water‐binder ratio of 0.35. With an improved microstructure, the results revealed improved hydration and durability as revealed through the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The SEM photographs of the concrete showed more polymorphic patterns and crystals overall relative to the UHPC with SRA, while exhibiting little to no microfractures. Through adjustment of the biopolymer proportion and adoption of a suitable curing method, this research presents a new strategy for addressing the negative impact produced by the usage of SRA in UHPC.

Surface characteristics of phenolic resin coatings

Phenolic resins are commonly used as polymer binders for metal, paper and mineral wool substrates. For such applications, mechanical, adhesive and thermal properties are considered most important, and the effect of synthesis and structural parameters on such end-use characteristics are well-documented. However, surface characteristics of cured phenolic resins can be equally relevant and are often overlooked. Widely used resins are phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF). It is believed that the inherent chemistry and curing procedure of these resins result in coatings with distinct surface properties and wettability. To gain more insight into surface characteristics such as morphology, chemical composition and wettability of cured PUF and PF resins, different binder formulations were applied on glass substrates and subsequently characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Contact Angle Goniometry (CAG) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of catalyst, chemical composition and curing conditions on surface characteristics of various PUF and PF coatings were investigated. The curing temperature was found to have a strong influence on surface properties; curing at 200 °C yields a surface with varying degrees of oxidation, differences in linkages between phenolic and urea species, and a lower overall nitrogen content in case of urea-containing coatings, resulting in stronger fluctuations in water-wettability compared to surfaces hardened at lower temperatures.

An assessment of the impact of L.Salvadora persica and G.Tea on the surface roughness and hardness of heat-cured acrylic-based denture soft liners.

Background: Soft denture liners are a type of dental prosthesis that functions as a cushioning material, alleviating the stress induced by the act of chewing. They offer relief to persons who encounter discomfort when wearing complete or partial dentures, particularly when these dentures are situated on rigid surfaces that support the denture. The objective of this study: is to assess the effects of including L.Salvadora persica. and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders on the surface roughness and hardness characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners. Materials & Procedures: 30 specimens were constructed using wax molds and acrylic-based heat-cured denture soft lining material. The standard curing procedure was used. The samples were separated into three equal groups: group A, the control group, with no additives in the soft-liner material; group B, with 5.12% weight percept L.salvadora persica extract powder; and group C, with 5.12% weight present green tea (G.Tea) extract powder. The samples were then prepared for surface hardness and roughness testing. Results: The results revealed that there was a non-significant rise in the mean values of surface roughness for both group B and group C, group B having the highest mean values followed by group C. When compared to the control group, the results showed a considerable rise in the mean values of surface hardness in group (B), which had the highest mean value for surface hardness, followed by group (C). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the incorporation of L.salvadora persica at a concentration of 1.024g and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders at a concentration of 1.024g shown a positive impact on the surface hardness of denture soft lining materials

Analysis of curing conditions effect on refractory calcium aluminate phosphate cement and concrete hydration (review)

A literature review and analysis of the effect of curing conditions on refractory calcium aluminate phosphate cement and concrete (CAPC) hydration were conducted. It was shown that temperature, as well as H2O requirement, are the most important variables requiring control during the installation of refractory­concrete linings because it influences the sensitivity of these materials to all processing steps including mixing, placement, curing, and heatup. The above requirements have a sequential effect on the service life and performance of a refractory­concrete lining bonded with CAPC; that is, the strength degradation resulting from structural defects caused by improper placement will be amplified by the use of poor curing practices and of nonuniform and excessively rapid heating. The processing variables that must be controlled during installation and initial heatup of CAPC­bonded concretes are H2O requirement; placement method; curing time, temperature, humidity; and heating rate and schedule. It was shown how the resultant hydrated CAP phases contribute to developing hydraulic bonds at ambient temperatures. It emphasizes the correct use of curing, drying, and firing procedures to avoid structural defects relating to the transition of hydrated phases and gels. Permeable crystalline phases are then developed that maximize structural stability and ensure safe heating of monolithic linings. The concretes obtained retain their volume integrity when subjected to prolonged periods of cyclic heating and cooling; can be used for refractory applications at 1700 °C exhibit sufficient strength of lining 40 MPa.

Facile one-step spraying preparation of fluorine-free transparent superhydrophobic composite coatings with tunable adhesion for self-cleaning and anti-icing applications

Transparent superhydrophobic coatings are of vital importance for various rising applications, such as photovoltaics, touch panels, smart windows, etc. However, their large-scale practical applications are severely restricted by hazardous fluorinated reagents, multistep preparation procedures, thermal treatment requirements, and poor durability. In this study, a facile one-step spraying method was proposed to fabricate transparent superhydrophobic coatings on various substrates, using an integrated fluorine-free suspension composed of siloxane-containing acrylate copolymers and SiO2 nanoparticles. Thanks to the incorporation of siloxane groups in the copolymers, the prepared coatings can be cured at room temperature without any thermal curing procedure. The resultant coatings exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and high transparency, with a WCA of 162.2 ± 1.8° and ∼90.83 % transmittance at 550 nm, respectively. Besides, superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable water adhesion can be achieved by adjusting spray pressure. After a series of mechanical durability tests and chemical stability tests, the obtained coatings can still maintain their superhydrophobicity and high transparency. Moreover, the water freezing time on the coated glass can be extended and the ice adhesion strength was significantly reduced, exhibiting excellent anti-icing performance. The facile, fluorine-free, and one-step spraying coating method has scalability and universality, demonstrating the promising prospect of large-scale application in industry.

Synthesis and properties of low viscosity robust biobased benzoxazine resin

The preparation of biobased benzoxazine resin with low melting point and low curing temperature has important significance for environmental sustainable development and practical application in industrial field. In this paper, biobased benzoxazine monomer HA-fa was synthesized from p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, paraformaldehyde and furfurylamine, and H-fa were prepared by Mannich reaction of hordenine with paraformaldehyde and furfurylamine. The two benzoxazine organic molecules showed different thermodynamic behaviors. HA-fa and H-fa were liquid at room temperature. The viscosity of HA-fa and H-fa at room temperature (25 °C) were 1.683 Pa/s and 0.602 Pa/s, and the curing peak temperature was 220 °C and 208 °C, respectively, both organic molecules showed excellent processability. Then poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) were prepared by two organic molecules through thermal curing procedure. The comprehensive properties of two benzoxazine resins were investigated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(H-fa) is 223 °C, while the Tg of poly(HA-fa) has two peak temperatures, 225 °C and 281 °C, respectively. This may be due to the existence of two different crosslinking networks in the resin, which leads to the phase separation of the resin, thus reflecting two Tg. Meanwhile, the initial thermal decomposition temperatures Tdi of poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) were 330 °C and 331 °C, respectively, showing excellent thermal stability of the newly prepared resin. In addition, poly(HA-fa) and poly(H-fa) have both high storage modulus (3174 MPa and 2608 MPa, respectively, measured at 25 °C) and good flexural strength (121 ± 2.7 MPa and 96 ± 3.6 MPa). Among the two resins, poly(HA-fa) showed more excellent comprehensive properties, which may be based on the joint action of resin multi-crosslinking sites and hydrogen bond crosslinking network.

Synthesis, Curing Kinetics, and Properties of a Novel Phthalazine‐Based Phthalonitrile Resin

AbstractA novel phthalazine‐based phthalonitrile resin was prepared by two different curing procedures. The phthalonitrile monomer, namely, 4,4′‐(((phthalazine‐1,4‐diylbis(oxy))bis(3,1‐phenylene))bis(oxy))diphthalonitrile (PDOP), was synthesized from the reaction of 1, 4‐dichloropthalazine, resorcinol, and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. Its curing behavior and curing kinetics with 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC). Isoconversional method based on Starink was applied to analyze the curing process of PDOP/APPH. The PDOP monomer exhibits a low melting point (89 °C) and a wide processing window (146 °C). The PDOP polymer mainly forms triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine structure, as revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and its properties improved with the increase of post‐curing temperature and curing time. After post‐curing at 350 °C, the polymer has high storage modulus (3313 MPa), high glass‐transition temperature (380 °C), and outstanding thermal stability and thermal oxidation stability.

A new approach to prepare flame retardant epoxy resin with excellent transmittance, mechanical properties, and anti-aging performance by the incorporation of DOPO derivative

Aiming to develop high performance flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP), a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant named 6-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)dibenzo-[1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (HP-DOPO) was synthesized and employed as a multi-functional additive for EP with simultaneously excellent flame retardancy, transmittance, mechanical enhancement and anti-aging. With 5 wt.% loading of HP-DOPO, EP composites showed outstanding flame retardancy with a high limiting oxygen index of 35.6 % and V-0 rating in UL-94 test, while the cone calorimetric test results demonstrated that HP-DOPO could efficiently restrain the heat and smoke release. Compared with pure EP, the resultant EP/5 %HP-DOPO exhibited superior mechanical properties with 27.9 % and 56.2 % increase in tensile and impact strengths, respectively. Furthermore, HP-DOPO accelerated the curing procedure and did not sacrifice the transparency of cured EP, while anti-aging performance was obtained at the same time. The exploration of this novel multi-functional additive provided a powerful basis for the technologies and potential industrial applications of epoxy materials.

Prediction of Concrete Constituents’ Behavior Using Internet of Things (IoT)

Due to the challenges of providing constant observation and control of the curing environment, the effectiveness of the conventional concrete process on site is poor. This causes a significant difference in the curing regimes encountered by various concrete pours. Yet, the potential of Internet of things (IoT) technologies has not yet been exploited in this context. To improve concrete practice, technologies have been harnessed that reduce human participation and enable more rigorous management of the ambient variables impacting curing. The interior temperature of concrete may be directly measured in real time and continuously monitored by a management system for in-place concrete using an all-in-one wireless sensor network (WSN) during the initial phases of curing. Without considering the wiring at the building site, the algorithm may also provide a well-informed choice about the removal of the formworks. To monitor and regulate the moisture content of hardening concrete to the levels necessary for high-quality hardened concrete, this research study looked at an IoT-based concrete curing control system based on sensor technologies. The effectiveness of this IoT-based technique was compared to the effectiveness of conventional curing procedures based on on-site trials. According to the findings, the system developed beats the conventional method in terms of both the effectiveness of concrete curing and the amount of time required for supervision.

Medicinal plants in dentistry- A brief review

Finding healing powers in plants is an ancient idea. These form the basis for the development of new chemicals for pharmaceuticals and also the use of this readily available, natural and safe resources as a part of dental practice has a great potential for more green and natural dental practice. Several scientific investigations have highlighted the importance and the contribution of many plant families. Plants belonging to the following Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Rutaceae, Piperaceae, Sapotoceae are also used as medicinal plants. Plants play a vital role for development of new drugs. The bioactive extract should be standardized on the basis of active compounds and should undergo limited safety studies. This article provides a gist of all the valuable medicinal plants that can be used in dentistry for different curing and remedial procedures.