Curie-Weiss Constant Research Articles

Paramagnetism of Fex(Cu0.5In0.5)1– xCr2S4 Solid Solutions

We have synthesized Fex(Cu0.5In0.5)1 – xCr2S4 solid solutions and measured their magnetic properties in the temperature range 4.2–300 K in a static magnetic field of 0.1 and 45 kOe. The main magnetostatic parameters of the synthesized materials have been determined: saturation magnetization, effective and spin magnetic moments, Curie and Neel temperatures, Curie constants, and Curie–Weiss constants. The results thus obtained, including the properties of magnetic clusters and the composition dependence of the asymptotic Curie temperature, have been interpreted using a previously reported magnetic phase diagram of the Fex(Cu0.5In0.5)1 – xCr2S4 solid solutions, which provides insight into the nature of the phase transformations involved.

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of the Mg-rich intermetallic NdNiMg5 by hybrid density functional theory

Mg-rich intermetallic NdNiMg5 in orthorhombic phase with space group Cmcm (No. 63) has been studied theoretically using hybrid functional (HF–B3PW91) within the frame work of density functional theory (DFT). The calculated structural parameters and geometries are found in good agreement with the experiments. The electronic properties of the material reveal the metallic nature. Nd 4f-states splitting show that A2, y[t1] and z[t1] contributed in the valence band; x[t1], ksi[t2] and eta[t2] in conduction band; where zeta[t1] state completely lay at the Fermi level make the compound metallic. The electrical properties show that the material has significant conductivity above the room temperature. The stable magnetic phase of the compound is optimized which show that the material is stable in G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and Nd–Ni direct magnetic exchange interactions are involved. The calculated effective magnetic moments of Nd is 3.70 μB per unit cell. The post-DFT calculations also confirm the AFM phase of the compound with Neel temperature (TN) = 25 K and Curie-Weiss constant (θ) = −23 K. Based on the above physical properties it is expected that this intermetallic could be used in spin valve and magnetic memory devices.

The effect of lithium doping on the ferroelectric properties of LST ceramics

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of lithium doping on the structural and electrical properties of ferroelectric ceramics LixSr1-xTiO3. The concentration of lithium dopant varied from x = 0.01 to 0.15. It was found that an increase in lithium during the synthesis leads to phase transformations of the type SrTiO3/TiO2 → SrTiO3/TiO2/Li2Ti3O7 → SrTiO3/Li2Ti3O7. According to the data obtained, the capacitance value for samples with a lithium content in the structure x = 0–0.01 is 0.05–0.07*10-9 F*cm-1, an increase in lithium concentration to x = 0.05–0.1 in the structure leads to an increase in the capacity value of 0.6*10-9 F*cm-1 with a further drop in the frequency range 103–105 Hz to 0.05–0.07*10-9 F*cm-1, and at a lithium concentration of x = 0.15, the capacitance increases sharply and retains its value throughout frequency range within the range of 0.9–1.2 0.05–0.07*10-9 F*cm-1. According to the data obtained, the deviation ΔT from the Curie-Weiss law for the studied ceramics is no more than 4, while the value of the Curie-Weiss constant is characteristic of ferroelectrics. The small value of ΔT indicates that for the initiation of phase transitions from tetragonal/orthorhombic to cubic at temperatures not exceeding 100–110 °C.

Fine tuning of coordination environments by anions on a series of Cu(II) dihydrazide complexes: Syntheses, structures, magnetic properties and solution phase anion exchange

A series of Cu(II) dihydrazide complexes were synthesized using the reaction of Cu(II) salts with the ligand H2L, having molecular formulae [Cu3L2(BF4)(H2O)2](BF4) (1), [Cu3L2(NO3)2(H2O)2](H2O)3 (2), [Cu3L2(Cl)2(CH3OH)2](H2O)2 (3) and [Cu3L2(ClO4)2(H2O)2] (4) where H2L = 6,6′-((1E,1′E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol). X-ray crystallography reveals that all the complexes exhibit a discrete trinuclear puckered structure where the anions bind to the metal centers. Due to differences in size and shape, the anions affect the geometry around the Cu(II) centers and distortions of the square pyramidal geometry are found. Anion binding also affects the planarity of the structure, the complexes having different twist angles. The structural differences are the origin of the variation in the magnetic interactions. DC magnetic susceptibilities reveal dominant antiferromagnetic interactions for the complexes 1–4, but the magnitude of magnetic interactions is different in each case. From the Curie-Weiss fitting of the χM−1 vs. T plot, the Curie-Weiss constant (θ) varies as 151.8, −95.5, −114.5 and −467.4 cm−1 for complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Also, from the fitting of the spin Hamiltonian by matrix diagonalization, J = −170 cm−1 and g = 2.16 for complex 1 and J = −249.7 cm−1 and g = 2.14 for complex 4 were obtained, whereas for complex 2, J1 = −110 cm−1, J2 = −1.7 cm−1 and g = 2.1, and for complex 3, J1 = −105 cm−1, J2 = +10 cm−1 and g = 2.04 were obtained. Furthermore, a solution phase anion exchange study reveals selective detection of chloride ions by the naked eye and this was supported by a UV–Vis study. A cyclic voltammetry study reveals irreversible redox features for complexes 1–4 and the effect of NaCl.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Phosphate, Na2Co2Cr(PO4)3

In this work, a novel phosphate Na2Co2Cr(PO4)3 was synthesized by sol–gel method, and its crystal structure was determined from powder X-ray diffraction data using Rietveld method. This new phosphate was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy. This phosphate crystallizes in the well-known alluaudite-type structure with monoclinc symmetry (S.G. C 2/c). The structure of this phosphate consists of [CoO6] octahedra, [(Co,Cr)2O10] dimer-octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra leading to an open three-dimensional framework containing two types of tunnels running along [001] direction, where Na+ cations are located. The magnetic measurements confirmed that the predominant interactions in this phosphate are antiferromagnetic with a Curie–Weiss constant of θ = − 4.57 K. The electrochemical properties of Na2Co2Cr(PO4)3 as anode material for sodium-ion batteries were assessed using a galvanostatic mode and cyclic voltammetry in the potential window of 0.02–3 V. The electrochemical behavior was investigated by ex situ X-ray diffraction. The results showed that this material undergoes a conversion-type reaction.

1D μ-glycine-briged copper (II) chain in complex [Cu(μ-Gly)Im(ClO4)]n and ferromagnetic interactions among copper (II)

Complex [Cu(μ-Gly)Im(ClO4)]n(Im = imidazole, and Gly = glycine) with μ-glycine-briged copper (II) chain, containing six-coordination distorted elongated octahedron, was synthesized and characterized. The complex belongs to space group P 21/c measured by X-ray single crystal diffraction. In the cluster, each Cu2+ ion are six-coordination by one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms of glycine, one nitrogen atoms of imidazole, and two of oxygen atoms of two perchlorate. Each Cu2+ ion has an N2O4 donor set, which forms the distorted elongated octahedron due to the Jahn–Teller (JT) effect. The magnetic and thermodynamic properties were researched. Magnetic susceptibilities of the complex showed that ferromagnetic interactions occurred between the Cu (II) atoms. The Curie–Weiss constant C = 0.565 cm3 K·mol−1 and the Weiss constant θ = 1.0585 K were given by the Curie-Weiss law The ferromagnetic nature of the interaction could be deduced as the exchange pathway of CuOCOCu, which involved an equatorial position at one copper (II) ion and an axial position of the nearest copper (II). The complex decomposed from 511 to 538 K as two steps.

Study of the magnetic properties of the Cex La1−x Pt alloy system: Which interaction establishes ferromagnetism in Kondo systems?

In order to study Kondo ferromagnetism, particularly of the CePt compound, we investigate the magnetic properties of the CexLa1−xPt alloy system in the temperature range from 1.8K to 320K. The results of these investigations can be summarized as follows: dc-susceptibility can be described by the Curie–Weiss law at higher temperatures down to about 100K, but also at the low temperatures above the phase transition. At higher temperatures, the extracted Curie–Weiss constant, θp, is negative in contrast to the low temperatures, where θC is positive. The extracted effective magnetic moment from the higher temperatures is the same for all the alloys and is close to the theoretical value of the isolated Ce3+ ion, μ=2.54μB, indicating the hybridization is weak and, and consequently, Kondo interaction is weak. These observations confirm the main important conclusions inferred from an earlier transport properties investigation of this alloy system. The Curie temperature extracted by various approaches was compared to the extraction from the ac-susceptibility measurements. We show that its concentration dependence is not consistent with Doniach's diagram. Hence, RKKY interaction is not responsible for the ferromagnetism in this alloy system.

Structural transformation, spectroscopic characterization and magnetic properties of La1−xGdxCoO3

La1−xGdxCoO3 for x < 0.2 crystallize in the rhombohedral structure, and it is orthorhombic for x≥0.2. The lattice volume systematically decreases as x increases. The analysis of the Co 2p3/2 xps spectra indicates that the Co ions are at both +3 and +8/3 valence states, and the calculated oxygen content is about 2.93 per formula unit. The bending vibration of the CoO bond linearly shifts from 429 cm−1 to 482 cm−1 with the increasing x, and it is coincident with the increasing CoOCo angle. The shoulder peak at approximately 575 cm−1 becomes obviously wide with the increasing doping Gd3+ content owing to the magnetic interactions of the Gd3+ ions with the surrounding CoO6 octahedra. The energy band gap slightly increases from about 2.40 eV to about 2.75 eV as the structure transforms from the rhombohedral to the orthorhombic structure. The magnetic properties are ferrimagnetic with x = 0.05, 0.3 and 0.7. However, the calculated Curie-Weiss temperature and constant of La0.3Gd0.7CoO3 are not reasonable, it is probably due to a nonlocalized electronic state.

Layered vanadyl (IV) nitroprusside: Magnetic interaction through a network of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond and π-π stacking are two non-covalent interactions able to support cooperative magnetic ordering between paramagnetic centers. This contribution reports the crystal structure and related magnetic properties for VO[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, which has a layered structure. This solid crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell, in the Pna21 space group, with cell parameters a=14.1804(2), b=10.4935(1), c=7.1722(8) Å and four molecules per unit cell (Z=4). Its crystal structure was solved and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Neighboring layers remain linked through a network of hydrogen bonds involving a water molecule coordinated to the axial position for the V atom and the unbridged axial NO and CN ligands. An uncoordinated water molecule is found forming a triple bridge between these last two ligands and the coordinated water molecule. The magnetic measurements, recorded down to 2K, shows a ferromagnetic interaction between V atoms located at neighboring layers, with a Curie-Weiss constant of 3.14K. Such ferromagnetic behavior was interpreted as resulting from a superexchange interaction through the network of strong OH····OH2O, OH····NCN, and OH····ONO hydrogen bonds that connects neighboring layers. The interaction within the layer must be of antiferromagnetic nature and it was detected close to 2K.

Hydrogenation induced structure and property changes in GdGa

Hydrides GdGaHx were obtained by exposing the Zintl phase GdGa with the CrB structure to a hydrogen atmosphere at pressures from 1.5 to 50bar and temperatures from 50 to 500°C. Structural analysis by powder X-ray diffraction suggests that conditions with hydrogen pressures in a range between 15 and 50bar and temperatures below 500°C afford a uniform hydride phase with the NdGaH1.66 structure (Cmcm, a=3.9867(7) Å, b=12.024(2) Å, c=4.1009(6) Å) which hosts H in two distinct positions, H1 and H2. H1 is coordinated in a tetrahedral fashion by Gd atoms, whereas H2 atoms are inserted between Ga atoms. The assignment of the NdGaH1.66 structure is corroborated by first principles DFT calculations. Modeling of phase and structure stability as a function of composition resulted in excellent agreement with experimental lattice parameters when x=1.66 and revealed the presence of five-atom moieties Ga-H2-Ga-H2-Ga in GdGaH1.66. From in situ powder X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation it was established that hydrogenation at temperatures above 200°C affords a hydride with x≈1.3, which is stable up to 500°C, and that additional H absorption, yielding GdGaH1.66, takes place at lower temperatures. Consequently, GdGaH1.66 desorbs H above T=200°C. Without the presence of hydrogen, hydrides GdGaHx decompose at temperatures above 300°C into GdH2 and an unidentified Gd-Ga intermetallics. Thus the hydrogenation of GdGa is not reversible. From magnetic measurements the Curie-Weiss constant and effective magnetic moment of GdGaH1.66 were obtained. The former indicates antiferromagnetic interactions, the latter attains a value of ~8 μB which is typical for compounds containing Gd3+ions.

Structural changes in Sr9In(PO4)7 during antiferroelectric phase transition

Structural changes in Sr9In(PO4)7 during the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition are studied by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, second-harmonic-generation, and dielectric measurements. Sr9In(PO4)7 complements a group of Ca3(VO4)2-type ferroelectric (FE) phosphates and vanadates and is the first example of an AFE material in this family. Antiparallel shifts of Sr atoms from their average positions and ordering of the P1O4 tetrahedra form two contributions in the structural mechanism of the AFE phase transition: a displacive contribution and an order-disorder constituent, respectively. The displacive and order-disorder type of structural changes may account for the obtained value of the Curie–Weiss constant (C ~ 104 K) which is in between the value usually observed for pure displacive (C ~ 105 K) and that for orderdisorder phase transitions (C ~ 103 K). The structural mechanism of the AFE phase transition in Sr9In(PO4)7 is very similar to that of the FE phase transition in Ca9R(PO4)7 and Ca9R(VO4)7. Both displacive and orderdisorder contributions are responsible for the physical properties of the Ca3(VO4)2-type materials.

Landau-Ginzburg description of anomalous properties of novel room temperature multiferroics Pb(Fe1/2Ta1/2)x(Zr0.53Ti0.47)1-xO3 and Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)x(Zr0.53Ti0.47)1−xO3

Landau-Ginzburg thermodynamic formalism is used for the description of the anomalous ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of Pb(Fe1/2Ta1/2)x(Zr0.53Ti0.47)1−xO3 and Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)x(Zr0.53Ti0.47)1−xO3 micro-ceramics. We calculated temperature, composition, and external field dependences of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic phases transition temperatures, remanent polarization, magnetization, hysteresis loops, dielectric permittivity, and magnetoelectric coupling. Special attention was paid to the comparison of developed theory with experiments. It appeared possible to describe adequately main experimental results including a reasonable agreement between the shape of calculated and measured hysteresis loops and remnant polarization. Since Landau-Ginzburg thermodynamic formalism appertains to single domain properties of a ferroic, we did not aim to describe quantitatively the coercive field under the presence of realistic poly-domain switching. Information about linear and nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling coefficients was extracted from the experimental data. From the fitting of experimental data with theoretical formula, we obtained the composition dependence of Curie-Weiss constant that is known to be inversely proportional to harmonic (linear) dielectric stiffness, as well as the strong nonlinear dependence of anharmonic parameters in free energy. Keeping in mind the essential influence of these parameters on multiferroic properties, the obtained results open the way to govern practically all the material properties with the help of suitable composition choice. A forecast of the strong enough influence of antiferrodistortive order parameter on the transition temperatures and so on the phase diagrams and properties of multiferroics are made on the basis of the developed theory.

Hydrogenation-Induced Structure and Property Changes in the Rare-Earth Metal Gallide NdGa: Evolution of a [GaH]2- Polyanion Containing Peierls-like Ga-H Chains.

The hydride NdGaH1+x (x ≈ 0.66) and its deuterized analogue were obtained by sintering the Zintl phase NdGa with the CrB structure in a hydrogen atmosphere at pressures of 10-20 bar and temperatures near 300 °C. The system NdGa/NdGaH1+x exhibits reversible H storage capability. H uptake and release were investigated by kinetic absorption measurements and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy, which showed a maximum H concentration corresponding to "NdGaH2" (0.93 wt % H) and a two-step desorption process, respectively. The crystal structure of NdGaH1+x was characterized by neutron diffraction (P21/m, a = 4.1103(7), b = 4.1662(7), c = 6.464(1) Å, β = 108.61(1)° Z = 2). H incorporates in NdGa by occupying two distinct positions, H1 and H2. H1 is coordinated in a tetrahedral fashion by Nd atoms. The H2 position displays flexible occupancy, and H2 atoms attain a trigonal bipyramidal coordination by centering a triangle of Nd atoms and bridging two Ga atoms. The phase stability and electronic structure of NdGaH1+x were analyzed by first-principles DFT calculations. NdGaH1H2 (NdGaH2) may be expressed as Nd(3+)(H1(-))[GaH2](2-). The two-dimensional polyanion [GaH](2-) features linear -H-Ga-H-Ga- chains with alternating short (1.8 Å) and long (2.4 Å) Ga-H distances, which resembles a Peierls distortion. H2 deficiency (x < 1) results in the fragmentation of chains. For x = 0.66 arrangements with five-atom moieties, Ga-H-Ga-H-Ga are energetically most favorable. From magnetic measurements, the Curie-Weiss constant and effective magnetic moment of NdGaH1.66 were obtained. The former indicates antiferromagnetic interactions, and the latter attains a value of ∼3.6 μB, which is typical for compounds containing Nd(3+) ions.

Magnetic properties of solid solutions CuCr1.5 + x Sb0.5 – x S0.5Se3.5 (x = 0–0.5)

Magnetic properties of anion-substituted solid solutions CuCr1.5 + xSb0.5–xS0.5Se3.5 (x = 0–0.5) have been studied in the temperature range 5–300 K and in magnetic fields up to 10 kOe. Effective magnetic moments and Curie and Curie–Weiss constants have been determined. The increase in asymptotic Curie temperature with increasing x is explained by the increase in the content of Cr4+ ions generated through the Cr3+ ↔ Cr4+ valence redistribution.

Investigation of structural, magnetic and electric transport properties of half-doped chromium manganites La0.3R0.2Sr0.5Mn0.5Cr0.5O3 (R=La, Nd, Sm, and Gd)

The effect of smaller rare-earth substitution in the La site of La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.5Cr0.5O3 has been investigated to elucidate how the properties of this material change with La doping. La0.3R0.2Sr0.5Mn0.5Cr0.5O3 (R=La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) compounds have been studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic and transport measurements. All the samples were determined to be single phase and crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. Magnetic measurements showed that doping of smaller rare-earth ion for La decreases both Curie temperature (TC) and Weiss constant (Θ). Except R=La, all the phases follow Curie–Weiss law in the high temperature region. All the samples are semiconducting and the transport properties are dominated by the adiabatic small polaron hopping mechanism.

Spectroscopic studies for the changes of a Cr(II) compound in solution triggered by the deprotonation of an aqua ligand

Recently, we reported dioxygen binding and its activation by the Cr(II) compound [Cr(H2O)(LISQ)2] (1) [(LISQ)1− is o-iminothionebenzosemiquinonate(1–) π-radical]. In this work, we report the existence of ferromagnetism in its solid form. The plot of (χm)−1 versus T from 250 to 20 K reveals a Curie–Weiss constant of θ ~26 K suggesting a ferromagnetic coupling. A theoretical simulation on the susceptibility curve and the fitting of the χm versus T yielded g = 1.83 ± 0.002, J = 33.4 ± 0.001 cm−1, and θ = 25.2 ± 0.02 K with J >> D. Increase in EPR line width on cooling helped us calculate the Cr(II)–Cr(II) distance in the proposed dimer. Also we find that deprotonation of the aqua ligand in 1 is essential for dioxygen binding and its activation. Reaction with dioxygen is completely inhibited when there is no deprotonation. Reaction of 1 with dioxygen in pyridine (py) resulted in isolation of the O=Cr(IV) compound [O=Cr(LAP)2(py)] (2) [(LAP)1– is o-aminothiophenolate anion] and no monomeric O=Cr(V) has been detected by EPR. 1H NMR study of 1 in d6-DMSO with time shows increase in intensity of the –NH2 peak at 5.46 ppm, suggesting gradual reduction of the –NH groups in (LISQ)1– ligands.

Eutectoid Flux Growth and Physical Properties of Single Crystal Ln117Ni54–ySn112–z (Ln = Gd–Dy)

Ln117Ni53–ySn112–z (Ln = Gd–Dy) have been grown via the eutectoid flux growth method, characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, and determined to have a face centered cubic unit cell with lattice parameters of a = 30.070(4), 29.862(5), and 29.823(4) A for the Gd, Dy, and Tb analogues. The compounds contain over 1100 atoms per unit cell with a complex bonding network and multiple magnetic sublattices. In addition, disorder is prevalent throughout the structure. These physical characteristics are ideal when searching for ultralow thermal conductivity materials. Magnetic susceptibility and electrical properties are presented, and all analogues exhibit positive Curie–Weiss constants, suggesting ferromagnetic interactions in each compound, in addition to a spin-glass component to the magnetic behavior.

The role of mechanical boundary conditions in the soft mode dynamics of PbTiO3

The role of different mechanical boundary conditions in the soft mode dynamics of ferroelectric PbTiO3 is systematically investigated using first-principles-based simulations and analytical model. The change in the soft mode dynamics due to hydrostatic pressure, uniaxial and biaxial stresses and biaxial strains is studied in a wide temperature range. Our computations predict: (i) the existence of Curie–Weiss laws that relate the soft mode frequency to the stress or strain; (ii) a non-trivial temperature evolution of the associated Curie–Weiss constants; (iii) a qualitative difference between the soft mode response to stresses/strains and hydrostatic pressure. The latter finding implies that the Curie–Weiss pressure law commonly used for residual stress estimation may not apply for the cases of uniaxial and biaxial stresses and strains. On the other hand, our systematic study offers a way to eliminate this difficulty through the establishment of Curie–Weiss stress and strain laws. Implications of our predictions for some available experimental data are discussed.

Relaxor Behavior and Large Room‐Temperature Polarization of Ferroelectric Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 Ceramics

A new relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30, were prepared. The microstructure, morphology, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were studied. The ceramics were found that growing in some directions preferentially. Two dielectric relaxations were observed below the Burns temperature TB = 460 K and relaxation‐I can be described by the Vogel–Fulcher law. The Curie–Weiss constant (C) of 1.33 × 105 K confirms the displacive‐type ferroelectric phase transition. The ceramics exhibit the first‐order diffuse ferroelectric phase transition feature. The diffusion exponent varies from 1.99 to 1.92 with different applied frequencies. Room‐temperature (RT) polarization was evaluated, and Pr = 2.6 μC/cm2, Ec = 15.2 kV/cm values were obtained. The high breakdown voltage (≥80 kV/cm) and low leakage current confirmed the high quality of Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 ceramics. All of these features suggest that Sr4CaBiTi3Nb7O30 may be used to substitute lead‐based relaxor ferroelectric materials for environmental friendly. Raman spectra and polarization measured at different temperatures attribute the high‐ and low‐temperature dielectric relaxation to flipping and breathing of polar nanoregions, respectively.

Structure and electromagnetic transport properties of compound NdIn&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt;Mn&amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt;

The sample of compound NdNi 2 Ge 2 is prepared by arc melting. The crystal structure is analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction and refined with Rietveld is method. It is shown that NdNi 2 Ge 2 intermetallic compound crystallizes into a tetragonal structure with space group of I/4mmm and its lattice constant is a =4.120(1), c =9.835(0), Z =2. Nd atoms occupy 2a positions, Ni atoms 4d positions and Ge atom 4e positions. NdNi 2 Ge 2 intermetallic compound has a Curie-Weiss constant of 25.8 and Curie-Weiss temperature of 6.24 K. The effective magnetic moment is 3.69 μ B , which is very close to that of Nd 3+ . It implies that the magnetic moment originates mainly from Nd 3+ ion. The resistivity varies from 0.3 Ω ·μm—1.1 Ω ·μm. Fitting results show that this intermetallic compound is semimetal.