Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of uterine artery chemoembolization in the treatment of Cesarean scar pregnancy.Methods 42 women with Cesarean scar pregnancy were randomly divided into group A or B.Group A received uterine artery chemoembolization 3 days before ultrasoundguided dilatation and curettage.Group B received methotrexate and mifepristone and then ultrasoundguided dilatation and curettage as β-HCG level declined to less than 200IU/L.Length of hospital stays,intraoperative blood loss,β-HCG,and menstrual recovery were observed in both groups.Results In group A,length of hospital stay was (11.2 ± 1.7)days,intraoperative blood loss was (35.2 ± 18.4)ml,time to reduction of β-HCG to normal level was (21.2 ± 3.5)days,and time to menstrual recovery was (30.0 ± 4.0)days; while in group B,length of hospital stay was (20.6 ± 5.6)days,intraoperative blood loss was (225.7 ± 125.6)ml,time to reduction of β-HCG to normal level was (36.0 ± 9.9)days,and time to menstrual recovery was (49.8 ± 7.7)days,with significant statistical differences (P<0.05).Conclusions Uterine artery chemoembolization combined with ultrasound-guided dilatation and curettage can significantly shorten length of hospital stay and reduce intraoperative hemorrhage due to curettage,and is less invasive.Patients have rapid recovery and can preserve reproductive function..This therapy is the best approach for Cesarean scar pregnancy. Key words: Uterine artery chemoembolization; Cesarean scar pregnancy; Dilatation and curettage