Curcuminoid Extract Research Articles

Identification of a spectrum of therapeutic targets of a new treatment for osteoarthritis composed by curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract

Identification of a spectrum of therapeutic targets of a new treatment for osteoarthritis composed by curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract

Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a diet supplemented with curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis

Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a diet supplemented with curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis

UGT concentrations in human rectal tissue after multidose,oral curcumin.

In vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin is a substrate for uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs), with a putative ability to both induce expression and inhibit function, highlighting the potential for interaction with some drugs. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effect of oral curcumin on intestinal UGT expression. Healthy volunteers, ages 40–80 years, who had received recent screening colonoscopy were recruited. Participants did not have any gastrointestinal or bleeding disorders, lab abnormalities, or recent antibiotic use. All participants received daily curcuminoid extract, 4 g, for 30 days. Untreated, rectal mucosal pinch biopsies were obtained at baseline and at 30 days. Microsomes were prepared from biopsy samples, using sequential centrifugation. Quantification of 14 UGT 2As and 2Bs was performed by LC‐MS/MS(MS, mass spectrometry), using quantitative‐ targeted absolute proteomics. Lowest LODs were ~0.1 pmol/mg protein. Comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Paired baseline and 30 days biopsy samples were available for 38 participants. UGTs 1A10 and 2B17 were detected in 35 and 33 paired samples, respectively, while all other UGTs were below the limit of quantification (BLOQ). Median baseline UGT1A10 concentration was 0.60 pmol/mg (95% CI:0.32–0.92), and 0.60 pmol/mg (95% CI:0.43–1.00) after 30 days (P = 0.23). For UGT2B17, median baseline concentration was 0.83 pmol/mg (95% CI:0.32–1.62), and 1.18 pmol/mg (95% CI:0.39–1.77) after 30 days (P = 0.24). We found no differences in rectal mucosal UGT concentrations before and after 30 days of oral curcumin administration, indicating that daily curcumin use is unlikely to alter colonic UGT expression. Distal gut biopsies may not accurately reflect the proximal gut environment where UGT expression and curcumin concentrations may be higher.

Inhibition of lung cancer cells A549 and H460 by curcuminoid extracts and nanoemulsions prepared from Curcuma longa Linnaeus.

The objectives of this study were to explore the inhibition mechanism of lung cancer cells A549 and H460 by curcuminoid extracts and nanoemulsions prepared from Curcuma longa Linnaeus. In addition, human bronchus epithelial cell line BEAS-2B (normal cell) was selected for comparison. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to separate and quantify the various curcuminoids in C. longa extract, including curcumin (1,714.5 μg/mL), demethoxycurcumin (1,147.4 μg/mL), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (190.2 μg/mL). A high-stability nanoemulsion composed of Tween 80, water, and curcuminoid extract was prepared, with mean particle size being 12.6 nm. The cell cycle was retarded at G2/M for both the curcuminoid extract and nanoemulsion treatments; however, the inhibition pathway may be different. H460 cells were more susceptible to apoptosis than A549 cells for both curcuminoid extract and nanoemulsion treatments. Growth of BEAS-2B remained unaffected for both the curcuminoid extract and nanoemulsion treatments, with a concentration range from 1 to 4 μg/mL. Also, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 followed a dose-dependent increase for both A549 and H460 cells for both the treatments, accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cytochrome C expression and a dose-dependent decrease in CDK1 expression. Interestingly, a dose-dependent increase in cyclin B expression was shown for A549 cells for both the treatments, while a reversed trend was found for H460 cells. Both mitochondria and death receptor pathways may be responsible for apoptosis of both A549 and H460 cells.

Isolation, characterization and formulation of curcuminoids and in vitro release study of the encapsulated particles

In this study, the isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was performed using different solvent extraction methods and solvents. Obtained extracts were analyzed for the contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin by HPLC and the radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of extracts were determined. Extract with highest content of curcuminoids was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and formulated into powder using PGGS™ method. Obtained powder was pressed into tablets and a release study of the curcuminoids from the product was observed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.Results show that the highest yield of extract is obtained using conventional extraction with mixing in ethanol giving the highest concentration of curcuminoids as well. All extracts show strong antifungal properties but weak antibacterial activity. Curcuminoids extract was successfully encapsulated in PEG carrier and a fine powder was obtained, which increased the solubility in aqueous media.

Curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract synergically inhibit inflammatory and catabolic mediator's synthesis by normal bovine and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes in monolayer.

The main objective of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in normal bovine chondrocytes and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes cultured in monolayer. This study also investigated the synergic or additive effects of these compounds. Enzymatically isolated primary bovine or human chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer until confluence and then incubated for 24 hours or 48 hours in the absence or in the presence of interleukin-1β and with or without curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen or green tea extract, added alone or in combination, at different concentrations. Cell viability was neither affected by these compounds, nor by interleukin 1β. In the absence of interleukin-1β, compounds did not significantly affect bovine chondrocytes metabolism. In human chondrocytes and in the absence of interleukin 1β, curcuminoids extract alone or in combination with hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. In interleukin-1β-stimulated bovine chondrocytes, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase2, matrix metalloproteinase 3, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motifs 4 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motifs 5 expressions were decreased by curcuminoids extract alone or in combination with hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract. The combination of the three compounds was significantly more efficient to inhibit interleukin-1β stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression than curcuminoids extract alone. In interleukin-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes, nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 productions were significantly reduced by curcuminoids extract alone or in combination with hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract. These findings indicate that a mixture of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract has beneficial effects on chondrocytes culture in inflammatory conditions and provide a preclinical basis for the in vivo testing of this mixture.

Curcuma longa attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in T-lymphocyte subpopulations.

A comparison of crude curcuminoid extract and purified curcumin was made to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) Zingiberaceae. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced selective cytolytic effects among immature (PNA(+)) thymocytes and peripheral helper (CD4(+)) T lymphocytes in the spleen were paralleled by a significant reduction in CD25, CD71, and Con A receptor expression. Treatment with curcumanoid crude extract, at two different doses, showed a significant restoration of lymphocyte viability and CD25, CD71, and Con A receptor expression in both immature (PNA+) thymocytes and splenic helper (CD4(+)) T lymphocytes. Turmeric crude extract, at both low and high dose, was found to be more efficient as compared to purified curcumin, suggesting synergistic effect of curcumin with other components of the crude extract.

Reduction of atherogenic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes by curcuminoid extract: a randomized controlled trial

Curcumin is a phytocompound found in the root of turmeric, a common herbal ingredient in many Asian cuisines. The compound contains anti-inflammatory activity, which is mediated through an up-regulation of adiponectin and reduction of leptin. Consumption of curcumin was shown to prevent some deteriorative conditions caused by inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and esophagitis, and so on. Inflammation-associated cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis are common in diabetes patients. The anti-inflammation effect of curcumin might be beneficial to prevent such condition in these patients. We aim to evaluate an antiatherosclerosis effect of curcumin in diabetes patients. Effects of curcumin on risk factors for atherosclerosis were investigated in a 6-month randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled clinical trial that included subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. An atherosclerosis parameter, the pulse wave velocity, and other metabolic parameters in patients treated with placebo and curcumin were compared. Our results showed that curcumin intervention significantly reduced pulse wave velocity, increased level of serum adiponectin and decreased level of leptin. These results are associated with reduced levels of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, triglyceride, uric acid, visceral fat and total body fat. In summary, a 6-month curcumin intervention in type 2 diabetic population lowered the atherogenic risks. In addition, the extract helped to improve relevant metabolic profiles in this high-risk population.

1427P - Curcuma Longa Extract is Effective in Improving Inflammatory Status and Redox Balance in Patients with Cancer-Related Cachexia and Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Background Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the biologically active compound of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) and has long been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat diseases ranging from heartburn to arthritis: it is thought to have antioxidant and antinflammatory properties. Aim To assess the antioxidant and antinflammatory properties of a curcumin extract in advanced cachectic cancer patients. Methods From September 2011 to March 2012, 15 cachectic patients (M 7/F 8; age range 55–85 y) with cancer at different sites were enrolled, all stage IV. Twenty-one age/sex matched healthy controls were studied. All enrolled patients had inflammation and oxidative stress (high blood levels of proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high levels of blood C-reactive protein (CRP), high levels of ROS, low levels of blood antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD and low levels of total blood antioxidant status, TAS, compared to controls. Patients were administered 4 tablets (2 g/day, equivalent to 400 mg/day of active curcuminoids extract, Meriva, Indena, Milan, Italy). Treatment duration was 4 weeks. Results A significant reduction of ROS levels ( 510 ± 120 vs 390 ± 186 Fort U)and a significant improvement of circulating levels of GPx (5630 ± 1189 vs 6590 ± 2390 U/l) as well as a significant improvement of TAS (0.61 ± 0.23 vs 0.69 ± 0.4 mmol Trolox eq.) was observed after treatment. The inflammatory marker CRP decreased significantly (38.12 ± 28.4 vs 20.24 ± 17.37 mg/dl), no significant decrease of serum IL-6 (25.58 ± 23.67 vs. 19.9 ± 16.8) was observed. No patient was withdrawn from the study and the treatment was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions Curcumin extract added to the normal diet was able to significantly improve inflammatory status and counteract key parameters of oxidative stress, such as ROS, GPx and TAS. Curcumin antinflammatory-antioxidant activity could be useful in a multi-targeted combined pharmaco-nutritional approach to treat cancer-cachexia. Dr. Roberto Serpe was supported by grant CRP1_296 from the Regione Autonoma della Sardegna by PO Sardegna FSE 2007-2013 (L.R.7/2007) titled”Promotion of scientific and technological research in Sardinia”, Italy Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Potential Medical Benefits of Eating Curry: A Self-Reported Case and Review

Background: This report describes the case of a 61-year-old man who ate curry for 50 years. Three months after he stopped eating curry, he developed neuropathic pain. After 6 years of not eating curry, he experienced visuospatial disturbances, and his serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increased from 1.91 to 5.38 ng/mL. He tested whether normal aging or the dietary change accounted for his PSA data and symptoms. This self-reported case is the first of its kind in the medical literature. Method and Results: The subject developed a vegetable curry recipe that included turmeric/ curcumin. After 7 to 10 days of eating meals containing this curry twice daily, his pain decreased noticeably, and his visuospatial memory returned. After 8 to 9 weeks of eating curry, his PSA level dropped to 3.85 ng/mL. Using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL curcumin, his plasma unmodified curcumin level was 2.89 ng/mL after eating a curry meal and 4.56 ng/mL after fasting for 13 h. Detection of curcumin in the blood is important because curcumin has very low oral bioavailability, and plasma curcumin has not been detected in several previous clinical trials even after administration of gram quantities of unformulated 95% curcuminoid extract. This report also presents several converging lines of evidence that may account for the apparent salutary effect of restoring curry to one’s diet. Conclusions: The results advance our understanding of curcumin effects at the level of the individual. This original case report should be of interest to a wide clinical audience that spans several clinical specialties, including neurology, urology and diabetology.

Standardized curcuminoid extract (Curcuma longa l.) decreases gene expression related to inflammation and interacts with associated microRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)

The anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoids have been extensively investigated. However, few studies investigate the mechanistic involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in their activity. The objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of standardized curcuminoid extract (SCE) in vascular inflammation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the potential involvement of miRNA-126 and miRNA-146a. Escherichia coli lipopolysacharides (LPS) were used to induce inflammation. LPS-challenge increased gene-expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and downstream genes IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6) up to 2.58-, 2.39-, and 3.73-fold, respectively, relative to DMSO-treated controls that were not challenged with LPS. LPS up-regulated TLR-4, IRAK-1, and TRAF-6 in SCE pretreated cells (5 mg L(-1)), only up to 0.69-, 1.28-, and 1.15-fold, respectively. miRNA-146a can be up-regulated by transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and acts as a negative feedback loop regulator involving IRAK-1 and TRAF-6 downregulation. In this study, the down-regulation of NF-κB was accompanied by reduced miRNA-146a expression. LPS-challenge induced mRNA levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) up to 5.65- and 10.65-fold, respectively. SCE prevented this effect and increases of up to only 2.92- and 5.26-fold of DMSO-treated controls not challenged with LPS were observed. miRNA-126 regulates endothelial expression of VCAM-1, but was not inversely correlated to the expression of its target gene VCAM-1 upon SCE treatment; therefore, miRNA-126 does not appear to be involved in the down-regulation of VCAM-1. Overall, curcuminoids are confirmed to have anti-inflammatory properties in HUVEC; however, neither miRNA-146a nor miRNA-126 seem to be involved in the SCE-induced down-regulation of the NF-κB-target genes IRAK-1, TRAF-6, and VCAM-1.

Curcuminoids from tumeric (Curcuma longa) target microRNA148 and microRNA146 in their anti‐inflammatory effects in non‐cancer colon cells

The anti‐inflammatory properties of tumeric have been investigated in multiple studies, however the involvement of microRNAs in anti‐inflammatory properties of natural compounds has not been much investigated yet. We studied the potential protective effects of a standardized curcuminoid extract against inflammation induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) in CCD‐18Co colon cells and investigated underlying miRNA based mechanisms. We investigated miRNAs 146, which is regulated by NF‐kB and involved in the regulation of the TLR4 pathway and also microRNA148a which is a regulator of pregnane X receptor (PXR) a transcription factor involved in the regulation of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters as well as in the suppression of NF‐kB. LPS significantly induced the expression of all inflammatory biomarkers by up to 2 fold. The extract significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers including NF‐kB, IL‐6, IL‐8, TRAF6, TLR‐4 up to 0.9, 0.2, 0.4, 0.32, and 0.1 fold of control cells. The expression of microRNA146 and 148a were increased by LPS up to 30% and reduced by curcuminoids by 30 and 25% respectively. Overall, these data confirm the anti‐inflammatory effects of curcuminoids in colon and indicate the involvement of microRNAs 146 and 148a in the anti‐inflammatory effects of curcuminoids.Grant Funding Source: ASN

Turmeric curcuminoids (Curcuma longa L.) interacts with microRNAs in the regulation of inflammation on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)

The anti‐inflammatory properties of turmeric have been well‐investigated; however, the involvement of miRNAs in anti‐inflammatory properties of natural compounds has not been much investigated yet. We studied the potential protective effects of standardized curcuminoid extract (SCE) against vascular inflammation induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) in HUVEC and investigated underlying miRNA based mechanisms. We screened miRNAs widely express on endothelial cells (miRNA 146a, miRNA 130, miRNA 126a and miRNA 155). However, only miRNA 146 clearly responded to LPS and reversal of this effect by SCE (2.5 –20 mg/L) down to 0.4 fold. miRNA 146 might be in control of Toll‐like receptor through a negative loop feedback regulation of NFK‐B activation. We analyzed the effect of SCE on NFK‐B expression and depended genes within the TLR4‐pathway which are target of miRNA146. SCE decreased the expression of NFK‐B, TRAF, IRAK1 and TLR4 by 0.6, 3.5, 1.6, and 0.84‐fold respectively. When cells were transfected with the mimic of miRNA146, SCE reversed the mimic‐induced expression of miRNA146 by 3‐fold. This indicates that the anti‐inflammatory effects of SCE are at least in part be exerted through the decrease in miRNA 146. Overall, curcuminoids showed anti‐inflammatory properties in HUVEC where a decreased of miR‐146a expression was involved in the underlying anti‐inflammatory mechanism.Grant Funding Source: ASN

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Solid Lipid Curcumin Particle Formulation in Osteosarcoma Patients and Healthy Volunteers

Curcumin is the lipid-soluble antioxidant compound obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn, also known as turmeric. Curcumin targets multiple chemotherapeutic and inflammatory pathways and has demonstrated safety and tolerability in humans, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent; however, the clinical literature lacks conclusive evidence supporting its use as a therapeutic agent due to its low bioavailability in humans. The purpose of this study was to quantify plasma levels of free curcumin after dosing of a solid lipid curcumin particle (SLCP) formulation versus unformulated curcumin in healthy volunteers and to determine its tolerability and dose-plasma concentration relationship in late-stage osteosarcoma patients. Doses of 2, 3, and 4 g of SLCP were evaluated in 11 patients with osteosarcoma. Plasma curcumin levels were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. The limit of detection of the assay was 1 ng/mL of curcumin. In healthy subjects, the mean peak concentration of curcumin achieved from dosing 650 mg of SLCP was 22.43 ng/mL, whereas plasma curcumin from dosing an equal quantity of unformulated 95% curcuminoids extract was not detected. In both healthy individuals and osteosarcoma patients, high interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and nonlinear dose dependency was observed, suggesting potentially complex absorption kinetics. Overall, good tolerability was noted in both healthy and osteosarcoma groups.

Standardized Curcuminoids Extract (Curcuma longa L.) Protects against inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)

Vascular inflammation is suggested to play a key‐role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Turmeric, used as medicinal agent in India, contains polyphenolics known as curcuminoids, including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. This study investigated the potential protective effects of standardized curcuminoid extract (SCE) against vascular inflammation induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). SCE was characterized by HPLC‐PDA. In this study, high glucose (Glc) (25 mM) increased vascular cell adhesion‐1 (VCAM) interleukin (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB) expression up to 2.1, 1.9, 1.7 and 3.0 fold, respectively, compared to the control and treatment with SCE for 24 h inhibited their mRNA expression by up to 50, 70, 40 and 60%, respectively in a dose dependent manner (0‐25 mg/L), these effects were not due to decreased cell viability as assessed by the MTT test. SCE reversed Glc‐and lypopolysacharide (LPS) induced increase of microRNA 146a, the NF‐kB‐dependent gene up to levels found in control cells (6.25‐25 mg/L).In addition, treatment with SCE for 1h incubation at 25 and 50 mg/L blocked formation of Glc‐induced oxygen species (ROS) by 50 and 70% respectively. The present data suggest that SCE could suppress high glucose induced vascular inflammation generation of ROS in HUVEC.Grant Funding SourceTexas A&M University

Curcuminoids Inhibit Multiple Human Cytochromes P450, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase, and Sulfotransferase Enzymes, whereas Piperine Is a Relatively Selective CYP3A4 Inhibitor

Curcuminoid extract and piperine are being evaluated for beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease, among other intractable disorders. Consequently, we studied the potential for herb-drug interactions involving cytochrome P450 (P450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. The curcuminoid extract inhibited SULT > CYP2C19 > CYP2B6 > UGT > CYP2C9 > CYP3A activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.99 +/- 0.04 to 25.3 +/- 1.3 microM, whereas CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1 activities were less affected (IC(50) values > 60 microM). Inhibition of CYP3A activity by curcuminoid extract was consistent with competitive inhibition (K(i) = 11.0 +/- 1.3 microM), whereas inhibition of both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 activities were consistent with mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition (10.6 +/- 1.1 and 7.8 +/- 0.9 microM, respectively). Piperine was a relatively selective noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP3A (IC(50) 5.5 +/- 0.7 microM, K(i) = 5.4 +/- 0.3 microM) with less effect on other enzymes evaluated (IC(50) > 29 microM). Curcuminoid extract and piperine inhibited recombinant CYP3A4 much more potently (by >5-fold) than CYP3A5. Pure synthetic curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were also evaluated for their effects on CYP3A, CYP2C9, UGT, and SULT activities. All three curcuminoids had similar effects on CYP3A, UGT, and SULT activity, but demethoxycurcumin (IC(50) = 8.8 +/- 1.2 microM) was more active against CYP2C9 than either curcumin or bisdemethoxycurcumin (IC(50) > 50 microM). Based on these data and expected tissue concentrations of inhibitors, we predict that a p.o. administered curcuminoid/piperine combination is most likely to inhibit CYP3A, CYP2C9, UGT, and SULT metabolism within the intestinal mucosa.

Cyto-protective and immunomodulating effect of Curcuma longa in Wistar rats subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress

A comparison of crude curcuminoid extract and purified curcumin was made to evaluate hepato- and immunoprotective effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) Zingiberaceae. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cellular hepatic damage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, hepatic enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBAR) values. A selective cytolytic effect of CCl4 was observed among immature (PNA+) thymocytes and peripheral helper (CD4+) T lymphocytes in spleen and was paralleled by a significant reduction in CD25, CD71 and Con A receptor expression. Treatment with curcuminoid crude extract at two different doses, showed a significant cellular recovery among hepatocytes, which was reflected in a reduction of hepatic enzymes and TBAR values. A significant restoration of lymphocyte viability and CD25, CD71 and Con A receptor expression in both immature (PNA+) thymocytes and splenic helper (CD4+) T lymphocytes was observed. Turmeric crude extract, at both low and high dose, was found to be more efficient as compared to purified curcumin.

Effect of the combination of C.domestica extract and essential oil of C.xanthorrhiza roxb. on leucocyte count in synovial fluid compared to that of pyroxicam

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalence rheumatic disease. The non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs display some side effect especially on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and blood clotting. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica L.) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) as natural herbal remedies are developed for antiinflammation, antioxidant and cholagoga. The aim of this present research was to study the effect of combination of Curcuma domestica extract and essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb on the leucocyte count in the synovial fluid of patient with osteoarthritis compared to that of pyroxicam. A double blind randomized clinical trial was used and conducted at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. After washed out period the knee synovial fluid was aspirated and the leucocyte count was examined. Patients were randomized for receiving piroxicam capsule 10 mg twice daily or combination of 3,66 ± 0,65 % w/w curcuminoid extract of Curcuma domestica L.and 25 ml essential oil containing curcumen, bergamoten germacren B, Curserenon, Germacron, Xanthorrizol as a major component with 27,64 ± 0,85 % relative concentration of xanthorrhizol each capsule; two times a day for two week period. At the end of this study the synovial fluid was examined. Decreasing the inflamation of synovial area was parrallel with decreasing leucocyte count by 174.56 ± 161.73 per mm3 (p<0.01) in the pyroxicam treatment group and 182,37 ± 126,5 per mm3 (p<0,01) in the combination of curcumine extract of kunyit and essential oil of Temulawak treatment group. There was no significant difference on decreasing of leucocyte count between pyroxicam and the combination of the curcuminoid extract of C. domestica and the essential oil of the Curcuma xanthorrhiza treatment. Key words: Combination of Curcuminoid extract of Curcumae longae Rhizoms and essential oil of Curcumae xanthorrhizae Rhizome, sinovial fluid leucocyte Count.