Copper-nickel Research Articles

Interfacial Stability of Additively Manufactured Alloy 625–GRCop-42 Bimetallic Structures

This study examines the diffusion behavior, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the bimetallic interface between additively manufactured copper alloy GRCop-42 and nickel alloy 625 (UNS N06625) following elevated temperature exposure at service-relevant conditions for high-temperature superalloys. The copper alloy was additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion. The nickel alloy was subsequently deposited directly onto the copper alloy using powder-based directed energy deposition. The samples were held at a temperature of 816 °C (1500° F) for varying exposure times between 50 and 500 h. Significant material loss (averaging ~430 at 50 h and ~1830 at 500 h) due to oxidation was noted in the copper alloy. The bondline interface was examined using optical microscopy as well as electron microprobe analysis. Composition maps from the electron microprobe showed the formation of oxides in the copper alloy and Laves phase in the nickel alloy at thermal exposure times of 200 h or more. By analyzing diffusion across the bondline, this study demonstrates the ability of machine learning-based diffusion models to predict diffusion coefficients of copper into alloy 625 () and of nickel into GRCop-42 () and the ability of commercially available diffusion code (Pandat) to provide reasonably accurate diffusion profiles for this system. Tensile and fatigue tests were performed in the as-built and 200 h thermal exposure conditions. The thermally exposed samples exhibited an average 18.6% reduction in yield strength compared to the as-built samples.

Adsorptive Effect of Corn Silk-Loaded Nickel Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Elimination of Ciprofloxacin from Wastewater

Adsorptive Effect of Corn Silk-Loaded Nickel Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Elimination of Ciprofloxacin from Wastewater

Photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet using yttrium and copper co-doped nickel aluminate.

Spinels are known for their enhanced photocatalytic activity which demonstrates as one of the promising solutions for the conversion of harmful organic dyes into simpler, less harmful molecules like CO2 and H2O. In this study, spinel nickel aluminate, copper-doped nickel aluminate, and yttrium, copper co-doped nickel aluminate were synthesized using the sol-gel process with citric acid as a capping agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various techniques, including XRD, UV-DRS, XPS, and SEM-EDAX, and tested for their photocatalytic activity against the crystal violet dye under UV light. The results showed a degradation of 97.40% within 120min under UV light using yttrium-doped nickel aluminate and 96.32% degradation in 90min using copper and yttrium co-doped nickel aluminate. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of yttrium-doped and yttrium-copper co-doped nickel aluminate compared to its undoped counterpart (83.54% in 120min) highlights the beneficial impact of yttrium and copper incorporation on the material's performance.

Nitro Substituted Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Metal complexes: design, spectral analysis, antimicrobial and in-silico molecular docking investigation.

The Schiff base metal complexes containing the transition metal ions Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized using their nitrate and acetate salts. An octahedral environment encircling metal complexes has been demonstrated by the findings of multiple spectroscopic approaches that were employed to demonstrate the structure of the metal complexes. The Coats-Redfern method of thermal analysis was employed to carry out the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. The crystalline size of ligand was 36.67nm and for the metal complexes it varies from 22.43 to 49.21nm. To assess the biological effectiveness of these compounds, molecular docking studies were emanated. The docking binding studies were established through the interaction of metal complexes with human cancer protein, such as 3W2S (ovarian cancer) and 4ZVM (breast cancer). The results exemplified that the complexes are more efficient towards ovarian cancer (3W2S) in contrast to breast cancer (4ZVM) while among complexes, the nickel acetate (- 7.0kcal/mol) and copper acetate (- 7.9kcal/mol) complex were more efficient towards 4ZVM and 3W2S receptors respectively. Additionally, DNA binding studies against 1BNA receptor protein was examined from docking evaluations and the finding concludes the highest efficiency of nickel (- 8.1kcal/mol) complexes. Further, a number of bacterial and fungal strains have been implemented in antimicrobial examinations to assess the compounds effectualness. The results untangled the extreme potential of copper nitrate (0.0051-0.0102µmol/mL) and copper acetate (0.0051-0.0103µmol/mL) complexes against all bacterial and fungal strains except for S. aureus in which nickel acetate proved out to be highly competent.

The Effect of Palygorskite on the Properties of Copper–Nickel Smelting Slag-Based Cementitious Materials

The Effect of Palygorskite on the Properties of Copper–Nickel Smelting Slag-Based Cementitious Materials

The Influence of Spatial Scale Effect on Rock Spectral Reflectance: A Case Study of Huangshan Copper–Nickel Ore District

The spectral reflectance measured in situ is often regarded as the “truth”. However, its limited coverage and large spatial heterogeneity often make the ground-based reflectance unable to represent the remote sensing images. Since the spatial scale mismatch between ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne measurements, the applications of geological exploration, metallogenic prognosis and mine monitoring are facing severe challenges. In order to explore the influence of spatial scale effect on rock spectra, spectral reflectance with uncertainty caused by differences in illumination view geometry and spatial heterogeneity is introduced into the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method. Then, the rock spectra are upscaled from the point-scale to meter-scale and to 10 m-scale, respectively. Finally, the influence of spatial scale effect is evaluated based on the reflectance value, spectral shape, and spectral characteristic parameters. The results indicate that the BME model shows better upscaling accuracy and stability than Ordinary Kriging and Ordinary Least Squares model. The maximum Euclidean Distance of rock spectra caused by spatial resolution change is 6.271, and the Spectral Angle Mapper can reach 0.370. The spectral absorption position, absorption depth, and spectral absorption index are less affected by scale effect. For the area with similar spatial heterogeneity to the Huangshan Copper–Nickel Ore District, when the spatial resolution of the image is greater than 10 m, the rock’s spectrum is less influenced by the change in spatial resolution. Otherwise, the influence of spatial scale effect should be considered in applications. In addition, this work puts forward a set of processes to evaluate the influence of spatial scale effect in the study area and carry out the upscaling.

Is short-offset frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic survey using an equatorial configuration a good choice on land?

The frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic method can be used to collect data in the large-offset plane-wave zones and the short-offset zone using an axial configuration within conductive marine environments. In contrast, the equatorial configuration is more commonly adopted for field surveys on land. However, selecting a suitable offset using an equatorial configuration on land remains a challenge. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to choose a reasonable offset using an equatorial configuration on land. To this end, we compared the distribution and decay characteristics of the horizontal electric field. In addition, we analyzed the detectability of the horizontal electric field to targets based on the root-mean square misfit and 3D simulation at different offsets. The 3D simulation results show that the maximum normalized response at different offsets is similar, indicating that electric fields at different offsets share similar resolution limits. However, the horizontal electric field at small offsets (less than three times the target depth) only has detectability for target resistivity and is unable to make more precise distinctions on the target thickness. The detectability of the target thickness at very small offsets (about one time the target depth) is limited because frequency sounding cannot be effectively established. A larger offset distance (larger than four to six times the target depth) is required when observing the vertical magnetic field compared to the horizontal electric field. Finally, we observed the electric field data at different offsets in the Kalatongke nickel-copper deposit in Xinjiang, China, which verifies our theoretical analysis.

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Cu2NiSnSe4 Thin Films and ITO/CdS/Cu2NiSnSe4/Au Solar Cell

The goal of this work is to produce innovative copper nickel tin selenium layers (Cu2NiSnSe4) with different thicknesses (217, 329, 431, and 542 nm) by using a thermal evaporation approach. According to the X-ray diffraction results, the as-prepared Cu2NiSnSe4 thin films are polycrystalline, with a single Cu2NiSnSe4 phase with a tetragonal structure present in all films. Meanwhile, FE-SEM was used to examine the Cu2NiSnSe4 films’ morphology and the uniformity of their surface. The optical parameters of the Cu2NiSnSe4 samples were estimated by the Swanepoel envelope method. Additionally, the refractive index of the thin Cu2NiSnSe4 layers grows when the thickness of these layers’ increases. The energy gap characterization showed a direct optical transition in Cu2NiSnSe4 samples and as the thickness of these samples increased, the energy gap decreased from 1.49 to 1.41 eV. Moreover, enlarging the thickness of the Cu2NiSnSe4 samples improved their optoelectrical indices and nonlinear optical characteristics. Further, the DC conductivity analysis exposed that the values of the activation energy of the thin Cu2NiSnSe4 films diminished as the sample thickness grew from 217 to 542 nm. Furthermore, an ITO/CdS/Cu2NiSnSe4/Au heterojunction with an efficiency of 6.44% was created using the Cu2NiSnSe4 film of thickness 542 nm.

Fabrication of a nanocomposite (NiFe2O4/CuO) with varying ratios of nickel ferrite and copper oxide nanoparticles to achieve a synergistic effect toward electrical performance

Fabrication of a nanocomposite (NiFe2O4/CuO) with varying ratios of nickel ferrite and copper oxide nanoparticles to achieve a synergistic effect toward electrical performance

Influence of the orientation of constructed blood vessels during the 3D printing on the measurement of the pseudo-oxygen saturation of an artificial blood substitute using conventional oxygen sensors: a test series

BackgroundThe development of phantoms to reduce animal testing or to validate new instruments or operation techniques is of increasing importance. For this reason, a blood circulation phantom was developed to test a newly designed retractor system with an integrated oxygen sensor. This phantom was used to evaluate the impact of the 3D printed blood vessel on the measurement of the oxygen saturation.MethodsA solution of nickel sulfate and copper sulfate was prepared as a substitute for real blood. The absorption spectra of these solutions were recorded and compared with those of blood. Subsequently, the oxygen sensor used was calibrated to the blood substitute. Additionally, blood vessels with a simplified geometry were designed and manufactured using inverted vat polymerization and an elastic material (Formlabs Elastic 50 A). To determine the orientation during the printing process, various vessels were printed. Measurements to assess the effects of disturbance (rotation of the vessels during measurements) on the sensor readouts were prepared.ResultsThe impact of disturbances was verified through the rotation of the 3D printed vessels. It was demonstrated that a direct measurement on the disturbances led to outliers and higher values. An optimal orientation was determined to be a lateral placement (90° or 270°) of the sensor. Regarding the orientation of the vessels within the printing space, an orientation of 45° yielded the best results, as the individual layers had the least impact on the light emitted and received by the oxygen sensor.ConclusionThe achieved results demonstrate the influence of the orientation of the vessel during 3D printing as well as the influence of the position of the vessel during the measurement using a conventional oxygen sensor.

Study of brown sugar grade discrimination method based on electrochemical scanning techniques

Brown sugar grade discrimination method using a three-electrode electrochemical scanning system was proposed in this paper. Copper foam, nickel foam, and copper film were utilized as the working electrodes, respectively. Platinum electrode was used as the counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode functioned as the reference electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (i-t) were used to scan brown sugar samples of different brands and grades in the aqueous environment. An evaluation method was constructed to discriminate the brown sugar samples using the detection data. Results revealed unique characteristics of different brown sugar samples when using different working electrodes. Logistic regression model was utilized to establish the relationship between the current density and variety of brown sugars utilizing i-t scanning data. Validation testing results demonstrated that the average relative error between theoretical and actual current densities was within ±9.27 %, confirming its effectiveness for the discrimination of different grades of brown sugar.

Generation of Ammonia in a Pulsed Hollow Cathode Discharge Operated in an Ar/H2/N2 Gas Mixture Detected by Fourier Transform Infrared.

A hollow cathode discharge with a copper nickel cathode (Cu50Ni50) was operated in an Ar/H2/N2 gas mixture. Optical emission spectroscopy revealed the formation of NH radicals, which serve as precursors for NH3 formation. Ion mass spectrometry showed the formation of NH3 + and NH4 + ions indicating NH3 formation. Gas samples taken at the exhaust of the vacuum system were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Clear evidence for NH3 formation was obtained from these measurements.

The role of ion beam in modification of CuO@NiO@ZnO/GO electrode for supercapacitor application

Recently, mixed transition metals oxides became emerging electrode materials for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, etc. due to their high electrochemical performances. In this study, mixed transition metals including Copper oxide (CuO), Nickel oxide (NiO) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) in conjunction with graphene oxide (GO) were used to fabricate electrode materials for the supercapacitor applications adopting hydrothermal process. The features of the as-fabricated electrodes were further modified by irradiating them with 5.0 MeV C++ ions with varying fluence rates. Monte Carlo-based Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulation code was utilized to analyze the ion implantation-induced processes inside the target electrode. Electrodes' crystal features, morphologies, elemental compositions, and vibrational and optical characteristics were examined employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were among various techniques engaged to analyze the electrochemical properties of the pristine and post-implanted electrode materials. The electrochemical findings from CV and GCD for the electrode implanted with 5.0 × 1015 ionscm−2, which offered the best result presented enhanced specific capacitances of 1250 and 1350 Fg−1 at a scan rate 1.0 mVs−1 and current density 0.5 Ag−1 respectively. This study revealed that carbon ion implantation at a fluence 5.0 × 1015 ionscm−2 could prompt the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of this fabricated electrode material.

Laser Direct Structuring of Millable BN‐AlN Ceramic for Three‐Dimensional (3D) Components

This research introduces a novel process for the direct metallization of the composite ceramic BN‐AlN, a millable, high‐temperature resistant material, using laser direct structuring (LDS). LDS is, for example, used for molded interconnect devices (MIDs), to integrate mechanical and electronic functions into a single 3D structure. Traditionally, MIDs have relied on polymers, but increasing thermal demands in electronics are shifting focus toward ceramic substrates like BN‐AlN, which offer superior thermal stability and mechanical strength. Herein, electronic infrastructures are applied onto milled BN‐AlN 3D components through a parameter study on laser activation and electroless copper deposition, followed by the development of a sequential copper–nickel–gold (CuNiAu) deposition process. The laser structuring reveals small grains of elemental aluminum on the surface, which directly catalyzes metal reduction in the electroless copper deposition. The duration and temperature of the copper electroplating process are found to influence the nuclei size and layer thickness. A palladium chloride treatment, as well as additional etching steps during the CuNiAu layer deposition, shows promising results. The metallized BN‐AlN substrates are characterized for adhesion, contact reliability, resistivity, and thermal stability. The findings demonstrate the process's suitability for high‐temperature applications, highlighting its potential for advancing electronic system integration.

Synthesis and Properties of Nickel Copper Phosphorus (NixCuyPz) Catalyst

Nowadays, scientists around the world are paying more attention to renewable hydrogen fuels. There is a growing need for precious metal catalysts to calculate the cost of obtaining renewable energy, an efficient method of producing H2 by electrolysis of water, as well as to facilitate the decomposition of water into its elemental parts. Today, due to the increase in the problem of the shortage of energy resources and the growing of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, attention is being paid to hydrogen energy. However, the production of H2 requires low-cost, efficient catalysts that facilitate hydrogen/oxygen separation reactions in the water splitting. For this purpose, intermediate metal phosphides (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, W) were used as effective electrocatalysts for water decomposition. The catalytic activity of intermediate metal phosphides to form hydrogen is largely dependent on the phosphorus content, but the P atoms play an important role in increasing efficiency. The production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water on the basis of bifunctional catalysts has good prospects for use in the energy industry. In the article, the one-step hydrothermal synthesis method and physico-chemical (electronic structure and conductivity, structure morphology) of double metal phosphide with NixCuyPz composition were studied.

The Effect of Three Metal Oxide Nanocoatings on the Frictional Resistance of Superelastic Orthodontic Archwires: A Comprehensive In vitro Analysis.

To evaluate and compare the impact of nanocoatings made of oxides of Aluminum, Titanium, and Zirconium, on the frictional resistance on three types of superelastic orthodontics archwires namely; nickel titanium, copper nickel titanium and low hysteresis nickel titanium. There are120 archwire segments of equal dimensions were divided into four groups (n = 30) with 10 samples each of low hysteresis superelastic archwires; NiTi archwires and CuNiTi archwires. While group A were uncoated, other groups were nanocoated with group B: Aluminum oxide; group C: Titanium dioxide; group D: Zirconium oxide respectively. Upper premolar metal brackets MBT 0.022 slot were used for testing. The frictional properties of the archwires were measured using a Universal testing machine equipped with a custom-made jig. Statistical tests including analysis of variance and post hoctests were used for analysis. The least frictional resistance among the three types of archwires was seen with low hysteresis(L&H) NiTi wires coated with ZrO2 (3.1253 ± 0.45822 N) and the highest with uncoated CuNiTi archwires (7.1113 ± 1.29031 N). Among the nanocoatings, the least value was found for ZrO2 nanocoatings followed by TiO2, Al2O3 and highest with uncoated archwires across all three types of archwires. Low hysteresisNiTi have the least frictional resistance compared to CuNiTi and NiTi archwires. The findings also suggest that all the three metal oxide nanocoatings reduce frictional resistance significantly, among which, ZrO2 nanocoatings were the most effective. This study underscores the potential efficacy of metal oxide nanocoatings in reducing archwire friction and, consequently, will improve orthodontic treatment efficiency and patient comfort. How to cite this article: Dilip S, Rajkumar K. The Effect of Three Metal Oxide Nanocoatings on the Frictional Resistance of Superelastic Orthodontic Archwires: A Comprehensive In vitro Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(7):649-655.

Clinopyroxenite-Wehrlite Porya Guba Complex with Fe-Ti-V and PGE-Cu-Ni Mineralization in the Northeastern Part of the Fennoscandian Shield: Evidence of Post-Orogenic Formation from Sm-Nd Isotope System

The Porya Guba clinopyroxenite–wehrlite complex is located in the core of the Lapland–Kola collisional orogen (~2.0–1.9 billion years old) in the northeastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield and contains iron–titanium–vanadium and nickel–copper mineralization with platinum group elements (PGEs). The controversial geological position of the complex within the mafic granulites of the Kolvitsa mélange (pre-, syn- or post-orogenic) is clarified by Sm-Nd isotopic dating of the rocks and mineralization. The Sm-Nd age of the barren clinopyroxenites that dominate the complex is 1858 ± 34 Ma (εNd(T) = −1.5) and is interpreted as the time of its emplacement as evidenced by a sample from the largest intrusion, named Zhelezny. This age is younger than that of the peak of granulite metamorphism in the host rocks (1925–1915 Ma) and coincides within error with the age of rutile from granulites (1880–1870 Ma), indicating the time at which cooling to 450 °C occurs. Emplacement in the cooled rocks is confirmed by the detection of quenching zones in clinopyroxenites around granulite xenoliths. Magnetite ores, as well as mineralized pyroxenites with sulfide disseminations, are formed during a late stage of the complex development, as suggested by active assimilation of granulite xenoliths by these rocks. The isotopic age of mineralized pyroxenites enriched in PGEs is 1832 ± 35 Ma (εNd(T) = –2.0), while the age of magnetite ores is 1823 ± 19 Ma (εNd(T) = –2.5). Thus, the obtained isotopic data indicate that the emplacement of the Porya Guba complex and probably other small mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Kolvitsa mélange granulites took place after the end of the Lapland–Kola collision.

Preparation of Ni-Cu-C composite catalysts prepared from mixed nickel and copper hydroxides for selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol

A high-performance Ni-Cu-C composite catalyst was prepared from mixed nickel hydroxide and copper hydroxide, which were obtained by coprecipitation, by thermal treatment with acetylene-containing gas at 120 °C followed by hydrogen reduction at 180 °C. The characterization results of XRD, TEM, XPS, and H2-TPR measurements confirmed the presence of nickel carbide (Ni3C), copper carbide (CuxC), Cu, and Ni in the matrix of amorphous carbon in the composite catalyst. The mild preparation temperature and the porous carbon shell layers prevented the nano-sized particles from aggregation. The formation of interstitial Ni3C and CuxC significantly enhanced the dissociation of molecular hydrogen, accelerating the selective hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to yield 4-aminophenol (4-AP) at relatively mild conditions (80 °C and 1.0 MPa hydrogen pressure). The catalytic performance of the composite catalysts depended strongly on the Ni/Cu molar ratio, with an optimal Ni/Cu molar ratio of 4. In addition, the composite catalyst showed high conversion and selectivity to the corresponding aniline in the selective hydrogenation of other nitroarenes, including nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrochlorobenzene, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitroacetophenone, and 2-nitroaniline. The catalyst offers a novel approach to rational design and preparation of high-performance abundant metal catalysts for selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes.

Occupational health risk assessment of exposure to major hazardous chemicals in copper and nickel smelting enterprises

Objective: To evaluate the risk of major chemical exposure positions in copper and nickel smelting enterprises, and provide a basis for risk assessment and prevention control measures. Methods: From September to October 2023, two copper nickel ore smelting enterprises in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. Relevant information on chemicals was collected through occupational hazard field investigations. Qualitative analysis and exposure index methods were used in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" to conduct risk assessments on the main chemical exposure positions. The qualitative risk assessment results were checked for consistency using the Weighted Kappa coefficient. Results: The positions with high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals in copper nickel smelting enterprises are saponification positions exposed to hydrochloric acid in refining processes, black nickel positions exposed to sodium hydroxide, and tail suction positions. The consistency between the two occupational health risk assessment results is poor (Kappa=0.14) . Conclusion: The amount of major hazardous chemicals in copper-nickel smelting enterprises is large, and the occupational health risks caused by exposure are complex and diverse, so the effects of chronic occupational health should be strengthened.

Copper–nickel–MOF/nickel foam catalysts grown in situ for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia

Reducing nitrate (NO3−) in an aqueous solution to ammonia under ambient conditions can provide a green and sustainable NH3‐synthesis technology and mitigate global energy and pollution issues. In this work, a CuNi0.75–1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid/nickel foam (CuNi0.75–MOF/NF) catalyst grown in situ was prepared via a one‐pot method as an efficient cathode material for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). The CuNi0.75–MOF/NF catalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic NO3RR performance at −1.0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, achieving an outstanding faradaic efficiency of 95.88 % and an NH3 yield of 51.78 mg h−1 cm−2. The 15N isotope labeling experiments confirmed that the sole source of N in the electrocatalytic NO3RR was the NO3− in the electrolyte. The reaction pathway for the electrocatalytic NO3RR was derived by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the Ni element in the CuNi0.75–MOF/NF catalyst had excellent O–H activation ability and strong *H adsorption capacity. These *H species were transferred from the Ni sites to the *NO adsorption intermediates located on the Cu sites, providing a continuous supply of *H to Cu, thereby promoting the formation of *NOH intermediates and enhancing the hydrogenation process of the electrocatalytic NO3RR.