Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle Research Articles

Single-atom Pt-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S boosted photoelectrochemical immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen

Photoelectrochemical immunoassays/immunosensors have been employed for biomarker detection, but most are lack of high-efficiency photo-electron transfer nanomaterials for widespread utilization. Herein we synthesized single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanostructures to construct an innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor for photocurrent determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Improvement of the photocurrent on the sensing interface derived from the ion-exchange reaction between cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP)-labeled secondary antibody and single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S. The experimental results showed that the doping of zinc ions and atomically dispersed platinum into CdS could significantly enhance the photocurrent, which further improved the sensitivity of immunoassay. Specifically, upon sensing the target PSA, a CuO-labeled detection antibody was introduced by sandwich immunoreaction and numerous copper ions (Cu2+) were released from CuO by acid to participate in the ion-exchange reaction. Thereafter, the ion-exchange reaction between Cu2+ ions and single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S resulted in the quenching of the photocurrent from single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S owing to weak photoactive material CuxS formation. Under optimized conditions, single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay gave good PEC signals toward PSA from 1.0 to 10000 pg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.22 pg/mL. Additionally, good repeatability, intermediate precision, strong anti-interference and high accuracy (relative to commercialized ELISA kit) for the measurement of human serum specimens were acquired. Importantly, use of single-atom platinum-anchored Zn0.5Cd0.5S can provide an important idea for early tumor screening and diagnosis.

High Dielectric Constant, Micrometer Thin Films of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle Embedded Polyaniline as Broadband, Absorption Dominated, Light-Weight Electromagnetic Shields

High Dielectric Constant, Micrometer Thin Films of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle Embedded Polyaniline as Broadband, Absorption Dominated, Light-Weight Electromagnetic Shields

Double ion-exchange reaction-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay for sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen

This work developed a double ion-exchange reaction-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay with the split-type detection mode for sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA, used as a model). The nanocomposite of cadmium sulfide and nickel sulfide (CdS@NiS nanocomposite), as the photoactive material, was rapidly synthesized by two-step hydrothermal treatment. In the presence of target PSA, the cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) labeled detection antibody was introduced into the detection system by sandwich immunoreaction and the copper (Cu2+) ions was released from CuO nanoparticles by acid to participate in double ion-exchange reaction. The double ion-exchange reaction on the photoelectric sensing interface between Cu2+ and CdS@NiS nanocomposites formed the weak photoactive material CuxS (x = 1, 2) to reduce the photocurrent. Under optimal conditions, the double ion-exchange reaction-based PEC immunoassay exhibited good photocurrent responses toward target PSA within the dynamic working range from 0.01 ng mL−1 to 50 ng mL−1 at a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9 pg mL−1. Besides, our work could achieve good reproducibility and high specificity under the split-type detection mode. Compared with human PSA ELISA kit, the accuracy obtained by our strategy was satisfactory. Importantly, this Cu2+-activated double ion-exchange reaction-based PEC immunoassay provides a promising platform for the detection of biomarkers.

Tribološka istraživanja mogućnosti primene keramičkog materijala na bazi bakar oksida sa nanočesticama

Due to the continuously increasing requirements of the internal combustion engines, the lubricants and their additives have to be further developed. One possible solution is the application of ceramic nanoparticles as friction modifier and wear decreaser additives. This paper presents the tribological investigation of cupricoxide (CuO) nanoparticle mixed in neat Group 3 base oil. To analyse its properties, simplified ball-on-disc friction experiments were carried out in the tribological laboratory in the Széchenyi István University in Győr, Hungary. The arisen wear scars were analysed with different, highresolution microscopes to understand the working mechanism of the nanoparticles. The results have indicated an optimum concentration of nanoparticles at 0.5wt% where both the average friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter were reduced by 15%. The microscopical investigation revealed the reduction of copper material from the CuO material, and it has mended to the rubbing surface forming a protective film on the metal surface.

Fabrication of CuO nanoparticle: An efficient catalyst utilized for sensing and degradation of phenol

This research paper demonstrates the synthesis of zero-dimensional (0D) porous cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by two different methods i.e. reflux and precipitation, followed by calcinations at different temperatures starting from 350 to 550 °C with an increment of 100 °C. The synthesized materials when calcined at different temperatures not only retain their structure, but also improve the crystalline nature. The maximum mean pore radius is found to be 4.15 nm for the sample calcined at 550 °C, synthesized by reflux technique, which is confirmed through SANS studies. The Cu (II)-O bond has been recorded in the range of 400 to 600 cm−1 and the peak of Cu-O has been observed at 603 cm−1 which is analyzed through FTIR spectra. The optical band gap of CuO is estimated to be 1.8 eV by diffused reflectance spectroscopic studies which indicate that the synthesized CuO nanoparticles are good photo-catalysts for phenol degradation within the wavelength range of visible-light. However, the polydispersity of the calcined materials gradually decreases with increase in temperature. It has been found from the Hall measurement that the synthesized CuO material is p-type in nature and I–V characteristics are linear in nature. As the Ohmic current mechanism is dominant, therefore the synthesized CuO material is an ideal candidate for sensor applications. The electrical conductivity of the CuO nanoparticles enhances when the measurement has been carried out in presence of phenol. It is seen that 450 °C calcined CuO shows highest degradation efficiency of phenol (98%) and phenol sensing.

Investigation of the tribological properties of nano-scaled ZrO2 and CuO additive in automotive lubricants

To improve the fuel efficiency and the lifetime of the internal combustion engines, the lubricants and their additives have to be developed further. One of the possible future engines lubricants can be the nano-sized ceramic particles, which can provide positive tribological properties also in the presence of non-metallic surface materials. This paper presents the results of investigations with the help of ZrO2 and CuO nano-sized ceramic particles. To define the tribological properties of these additives, lubricant samples with different additive-concentrations were prepared and tribologically analysed. The frictional losses of these lubricant samples were analysed by a ball-on-disk sliding friction machine. The worn surface on the test specimens was analysed by different high-resolution microscopes. To define the functional mechanisms of the nano-additives, the worn surfaces were investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopes. The ZrO2 additive has experimentally shown an excellent wear reduction property (over 40% wear reduction compared with the neat Group 3 base oil) at the optimum mixing concentration of 0.4wt%. Both frictional and wear reduction properties could be determined at the application of CuO additive (15-15% friction coefficient and wear scar diameter reduction) at its optimum concentration (0.5wt%). A copper-yellow layer can be seen on the worn surface of the disc specimens with CuO, which indicates the mechanism of chemical transformation to elementary copper from the cupric-oxide nanoparticle and this elementary copper can be melted on the surface, because of the applied high temperature and high loads during the experiments.

Greener synthesis of CuO nanoparticles for enhanced development of latent fingerprints

Most forensic laboratories use powder and dyes to develop latent fingerprints on various surfaces. The latent fingerprint is essential physical evidence in forensic investigations. Herein, we report a novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of cupric oxide nano-particle using green tea extract. The CuO-Nps is a novel powder method first-time use for the development of latent fingerprints on various surfaces. The copper oxide nanoparticle having a spherical morphology and its size ranges from 500 to 900 nm. The synthesized nanoparticle powder was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

Energy and exergy analysis of a flat-plate solar air heater coated with carbon nanotubes and cupric oxide nanoparticles embedded in black paint

Flat plate solar air heaters (SAHs) are widely used in many solar thermal applications, to enhance its capability to harvest solar radiation, the solar selective coating should be used. Consequently, a novel solar selective coating with high solar absorptance(α) and low emittance(ε) is fabricated by embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO) into the black paint. By using UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, the optical properties of several percentages of the CNTs and CuO nanoparticles are studied. Besides, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are used to study the chemical composition and surface morphology, respectively. The results showed that 4% CNTs/CuO-black paint is the highest solar selective coating with solar absorptance and thermal emittance reaches 0.964 and 0.124, respectively. Energy and Exergy performances of SAH coated with the new selective coating are investigated under four airflow rates. The obtained results show that energy efficiency enhanced by approximately 24.4%. The difference between outlet and inlet temperatures of the air across SAH raises up to 22% based on averaged values. SAH with new coating shows higher exergy efficiency.

Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands alternatives to antibiotics. Copper-based nanoparticles with a high antibacterial property may be a solution to the problem. It is, therefore, important to understand the mode of antibacterial action of the nanoparticles (NPs). Despite reports on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria by copper and copper-oxide nanoparticles and involvement of such ROS in cell killing, it is still unclear (a) if surface modification of the nanoparticles by media organics has any role on their antibacterial potency and (b) whether the bactericidal effects of these NPs are ‘particle-specific’ or ‘ion-specific’ in nature. We address these issues for cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) in this study. Instead of nutrient medium, when E. coli bacterial cells were suspended in saline (0.9% NaCl), CuO-NP had a more anti-bacterial effect, with MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) value of 6 µg/mL, than in nutrient medium with MBC value of 160 µg/mL. Moreover, the lysine-modified CuO-NP in saline had MBC at 130 µg/mL. Thus, unmodified CuO-NP was more efficient killer than modified one. Our finding further revealed that in saline;CuO-NP had ‘particle-specific’ antibacterial effect through generation of ROS and consequent oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA degradation in cells.

An experimental insight into the effects of silver-doped cupric oxide nanoparticles on the performance of hydrocarbon refrigeration system

Refrigerators are inevitable in domestic and many industrial habitats. Indeed, the performance of refrigerants used in refrigerators can be enhanced when mixed with nanoparticles. In this regard, this study uses cupric oxide nanoparticle to enhance the refrigerant performance. Pure nano-cupric oxide and silver-doped nano-cupric oxide are mixed with R290 in the ratio 1:100. The doped nano-cupric oxide is characterized by XRD followed by EDX. TEM is used for photographic verification of nano-size, and the DRS test is used to calculate and compare band gap. The refrigerator gives better results with the prepared nano-refrigerants. The result is much better with silver-doped nano-cupric oxide than with pure nano-cupric oxide. The coefficient of performance of silver-doped nano-cupric oxide increased up to 29%. On the other hand, the power consumption of the refrigerator is also found to reduce up to 28%, thus helping save energy.

Branched Polyethylenimine-Modified Upconversion Nanohybrid-Mediated Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay with Synergistic Effect of Dual-Purpose Copper Ions

This work developed a near-infrared (near-IR) light-activated non-enzymatic signal-off photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP) on the basis of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)-modified upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)@CdTe quantum dot (QD) nanostructures by coupling with the synergistic effect of dual-purpose copper ions. Emission light originated from NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNP was directly utilized through the electrostatic bonding of CdTe QDs to excite the separation of electron-hole pairs, resulting in the generation of obvious photocurrent under a 980 nm laser. By using polyclonal antibody-labeled cupric oxide nanoparticle as the secondary antibody, the nanolabel was introduced into the monoclonal anti-AFP antibody-modified microplates in the presence of target AFP. After treatment with acid, the as-released copper ion decreased the photocurrent through the synergistic effect with two issues: one was initially to form coordination with BPEI on the surface of UCNP, and then the near-IR excitation light and upconversion luminescence were attenuated due to the internal filter effect; another was to snatch the electrons flowing from the valence band of CdTe QD as the exciton trapping sites. Under optimal conditions, the dual-purpose Cu2+-activated signal-off PEC immunosensing platform exhibited a dynamic linear range from 10 pg mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1, accompanying the decreasing photocurrent with the increment of AFP concentration at an experimental detection limit of 1.2 pg mL-1. Importantly, good accuracy was achieved by this method in comparison with the results with human AFP ELISA kit for analysis of human serum samples. This dual-purpose Cu2+-activated PEC immunoassay brings a promising, enzyme-free and innovative thinking for the detection of low-abundance biomarkers.

Copper Oxide Nano-particles Film On Glass By Using Sputter And Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

In the present work, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticle (NP) thin films were synthesized on glass by combination of sputter and chemical bath deposition technique. The CuO seeds were deposited by using radio frequency (RF) sputter technique at room temperature. CuO nanoparticles were prepared by chemical bath deposition. Effect of solute molar concentration (0.02 to 0.04M) and annealing temperature (at 400°C) on nanoparticles size and distribution were studied. The average size of nanoparticles is small in lower molar concentration, which is restructured after annealing to form dense film with relative smaller size nanoparticles. The work opens up new route to synthesize CuO nanorticle thin films for different applications.

Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles using strong base electrolyte through electrochemical discharge process

In the present study, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical discharge process using strong base electrolytes. The experiments were carried out separately using NaOH and KOH electrolytes. The mass output rate and the crystal size were obtained with variation of the rotation speed of magnetic stirrer for both types of electrolytes. The mass output rate of CuO nanoparticles increased with the increase in the speed of rotation, and, after an optimum speed, it started decreasing. However, the size of the particles reduced with the increase of the rotation speed. The crystal plane of the obtained CuO nanoparticles was similar for both the electrolytes whereas the yield of nanoparticles was higher in KOH as compared with NaOH under the same experiment conditions. In this set of experiments, the maximum output rates obtained were 21.66 mg h−1 for NaOH and 24.66 mg h−1 for KOH at 200 rpm for a single discharge arrangement. The average crystal size of CuO particles obtained was in the range of 13–18 nm for KOH electrolyte and 15–20 nm for NaOH electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that flower-like and caddice clew-shaped CuO nanocrystalline particles were synthesized by the electrochemical discharge process. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the CuO nanoparticles have a pure and monolithic phase. UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to monitor oxidation course of Cu → CuO and the band gap energy was measured as 2 and 2.6 eV for CuO nanoparticle synthesized in NaOH and KOH solutions, respectively.

Study of structural and optical properties of cupric oxide nanoparticles

In this study, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized via sonochemical method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The spherical CuO nanoparticles were dispersed in sodium hexametaphosphate under sonication (25 kHz) to analyze the particle size distribution and UV absorption spectra. Using these absorption spectra, we further examined the CuO nanoparticle to explore the possibility of using them as a material for applications such as solar cell and textile production.

A simple, fast and cost-effective method of synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticle with promising antibacterial potency: Unraveling the biological and chemical modes of action

BackgroundGradual attainment of bacterial resistance to antibiotics led us to develop a robust method of synthesis of stable, colloidal cupric oxide nanoparticle of physiological pH with potential antibacterial action. MethodsCu(II) oxide NP was synthesized by reduction–oxidation of CuCl2, using polyvinyl alcohol as stabilizer. Characteristics and antibacterial activity of the particles were investigated by techniques like UV–Vis spectrophotometry, DLS, AFM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, AAS, agar plating, FACS, gel electrophoresis and XPS. ResultsThe NPs were about 50nm in size and cubic in shape with two surface plasmon peaks at 266 and 370nm and had semi-conducting behavior with a band gap of 3.40 and 3.96eV. About 80% of precursor CuCl2 was converted to NP. The minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentrations of CuO-NP were respectively 120 and 160μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 180 and 195μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus in Luria–Bertani medium. In growth media, the NPs got modified by media organics with displacement of the stabilizer PVA molecules. This modified NP (around 240nm) killed cells by generating ROS, which finally caused membrane lipid per-oxidation and chromosomal DNA degradation in NP-treated cells. ConclusionReports indicate that we are among the few who had prepared CuO-NP in colloidal form. The antibacterial potency of our particle in growth media was much promising than other reports. Our findings demonstrated that ‘particle-specific’ effect, not ‘ion-specific’ one, was responsible for the NP action. General significanceThe NP may be used as a sterilizing agent in various bioprocesses and as substituent of antibiotics, after thorough toxicological study.

Removal of arsenic from groundwater in West Bengal, India using CuO nanoparticle adsorbent

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a worldwide health crisis. Treatment of arsenic laden water in areas of the world such as West Bengal, India has proven to be an extremely difficult task. Practical and reliable treatment technologies that can overcome the socioeconomic and geochemical barriers present in these areas of the world must be developed. Cupric Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have shown promising characteristics as a sorbent to remove arsenic from water. Presented in this study is, to our knowledge, the first time CuO nanoparticles have been used to treat groundwater from West Bengal that is naturally high in arsenic. Batch experiments were conducted by reacting CuO nanoparticles with sixteen groundwater samples from West Bengal that exceed 10 µg/L. All samples showed near complete removal of arsenic following the treatment with CuO nanoparticles. The removal of arsenic was unaffected by the presence of high concentrations of competing ions such as bicarbonate (HCO3 −), phosphate (PO4 3−), and sulfate (SO4 2−). The CuO nanoparticle treatment showed no major affect on other water constituents. Overall, the results of this study suggest that CuO nanoparticles show potential as an effective sorbent of arsenic under diverse geochemical makeups.

CuO Nanoparticle Modified ZnO Nanorods with Improved Photocatalytic Activity

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were grown on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) arrays to form ZnO−CuO corn-like composites via a simple two step solution-based method. First, ZnO nanorods were grown on a glass substrate by the hydrothermal method. Afterwards, CuO crystals were photochemically deposited on ZnO NRs using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation at room temperature. The density and size of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on ZnO NRs can be controlled by the irradiation time of UV light. The structural and optical properties of ZnO−CuO nanocomposites were characterized by using various techniques such as UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. ZnO−CuO nanocomposites show an excellent improvement in photocatalytic characteristics compared to bare ZnO NRs.

A novel arsenic removal process for water using cupric oxide nanoparticles

Recent studies suggest that the cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles effectively adsorb aqueous arsenic species under a wide range of water chemistries. However, to develop CuO nanotechnology to a field application level, further studies are necessary. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments were conducted to determine the time course of uptake of arsenic by CuO nanoparticles. A reactor with CuO nanoparticles was developed to conduct continuous flow-through experiments to filter arsenic from groundwater samples. Groundwater samples spiked with 100μg/L of arsenic were passed through (1L/h) the flow-through reactor. Samples from the flow-through reactor were collected at a regular interval and analyzed for arsenic and other chemical components (e.g., pH, major and trace elements). The CuO nanoparticles adsorbed with arsenic were regenerated with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and tested again in the flow-through reactor. Three natural groundwater samples with above 10μg/L of arsenic were also tested with the flow-through reactor. The arsenic adsorption process by CuO nanoparticles was kinetically rapid and followed the pseudo-second-order rate. The continuous flow-through reactor with CuO nanoparticles was effective in filtering arsenic from spiked or natural groundwater. The regenerated CuO nanoparticles were also effective in filtering arsenic from groundwater. Arsenic mass balance data from regeneration studies suggested that 99% of input arsenic concentration was recovered. The CuO nanoparticle treatment did not show any discernible effects on the chemical quality of groundwater samples. Results of this study suggest that CuO nanoparticles show potential for developing a simple process for field applications to remove arsenic from water.

Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle

Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle

CuO nanoparticle filled vinyl-ester resin nanocomposites: Fabrication, characterization and property analysis

Both unmodified cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and those functionalized with a bi-functional coupling agent methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPS) were used to fabricate vinyl-ester resin polymeric nanocomposites. The nanoparticle functionalization was observed to have a significant effect on the physical properties of the cupric oxide filled vinyl-ester resin nanocomposite. Thermal degradation study by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the increased thermo-stability in the functionalized-nanoparticle-filled vinyl-ester resin nanocomposites as compared with the unmodified-nanoparticle-filled counterparts. The more uniform particle dispersion and the chemical bond between nanoparticle and vinyl-ester resin were found to contribute to the increased thermal stability and enhanced tensile strength.