Cupressus Sempervirens Research Articles

In vitro Antidiabetic Effect of Saponins and Phenolic Extracts from Fruits and Seeds of Algerian Cypress Tree: Cupressus sempervirens L

Background: In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effects of phenolic and saponins extracts of Cupressus sempervirens cones and seeds. Objective: The ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts of Cupressus sempervirens (L) cones and seeds, collected from Laghouat (Algeria) were analyzed for their saponins and phenolic content. We also studied the in vitro antidiabetic activity of C. sempervirens using α-amylase digestion enzyme. Methods: The amount of total phenolics and saponins in the samples was determined with the Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and with vanillin, respectively. To identify cones and seeds extracts with inhibitory capacities, we have studied the effects of ours extracts on the kinetics catalyzed of α-amylase an enzymes belonging to the class of hydrolase responsible for the digestion and we have subjected our extracts to inhibition assay to determine the inhibition percentage for each extract. Results: The fruits and seeds contained total free phenolic content of 1.96 mg/gGAE and 2.25 mg/gGAE, respectively. The saponin content determined with vanillin reagent shows a good yeild of 119.85 and 131.46 mg/gDE in ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts, respectively. In addition, phenolic and saponins extracts were found to inhibit enzymatic activity of α-amylase under in vitro starch digestion bioassay and the values of the IC50 constants have been determined for both seeds and cones extracts. The values ranged from 0.49 to 1.12 mg/ml. This paper is the first report on antidiabetic activity of saponins and phenolic extracts of cones and seeds from Cupressus sempervirens (L). Keywords: Cupressus sempervirens, diabetes, enzyme inhibition, phenolic compound, α-amylase, vanillin.

Cupressus sempervirens essential oils and their major compounds successfully control postharvest grey mould disease of tomato

Medicinal plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which constitute an important source of many bioactive molecules. Among them Cupressus sempervirens is recognized by its richness in essential oil with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study is to use C. sempervirens essential oil or its bioactive components as an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used to control Botrytis cinerea. Essential oils of C. sempervirens were extracted at vegetative, flowering and fructification stages and a total of 54 compounds were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Essential oils composition varied with the phenological stage and the main chemical classes were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (59.59%–64.5%) with the most representative compounds being germacrene D (18.38%–24.82%) and those of the monoterpene hydrocarbons class (16.63%–26.5%) with α-pinene as the most representative compound (14.75%–22.92%). The in vitro antifungal tests against B. cinerea showed that the three studied essential oils inhibit mycelia growth with the highest activity observed at flowering stage. The antifungal activity of some pure compounds (α-pinene, α-cedrol and β-caryophyllene) alone or combined according to their proportions in the natural essential oil showed that α-pinene combined with β-caryophyllene provided the highest antifungal activity at a concentration as low as 0.12 mg/mL as compared to that of the chemical fungicide used as a positive control. Microscopic observation showed that essential oil at flowering stage induced swelling and crumbling of B. cinerea conidia. The pulverization of C. sempervirens essential oils on tomato fruits at 1 mg/mL inhibited 54% of B. cinerea infection which constitute a promising safe product for the biocontrol of the post-harvest disease Botrytis cinerea during storage and transport of tomato.

Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory.

In the Mediterranean region, wildfires are a major disturbance, determined by ecosystem and forest species characteristics. Both the flammability and resistance to fire of a mixed forest may vary from those of the individual species. Two mixed Mediterranean woodlands, a Cupressus sempervirens and Quercus ilex stand in Italy; and a Juniperus thurifera and Quercus faginea stand in Spain were investigated. Laboratory flammability tests were conducted on live foliage, litter samples and on litter beds from individual and mixed species to evaluate: (i) the flammability traits of the mixtures of live foliage and litter samples; (ii) whether the flammability of the two-species mixtures are non-additive, i.e., differ from expected flammability based on arithmetic sum of the single effects of each components species in monospecific fuel; (iii) the ignition success and initial fire propagation in litter beds. Flammability tests were also conducted on bark samples to estimate the resistance of the tree species to fire. The ignitibility of live foliage was lower and the combustibility was higher in Cupressaceae than in Quercus. Non-additive effects were observed in some flammability components of live foliage and litter, especially in the mixtures of C. sempervirens and Q. ilex. Ignitability and combustibility were higher and lower than expected, respectively, and tended to be driven by Quercus), while the consumability was lowered more than expected by both Cupressaceae. The ignition success in the litter beds was low, especially for the presence of Cupressaceae that increase the bulk density of the mixtures. Cupressaceae, which have a thinner bark, suffered more damage to the cambium after shorter exposure to the heat source than Quercus species. In all the species studied, time to reach lethal temperatures in the cambium was dependent on thickness rather than on flammability of the bark. The study findings revealed that tree species may influence flammability of mixed fuels disproportionately to their load. The studied species showed to exert a contrasted effect on flammability of the mixtures, increasing ignitability and decreasing combustibility and consumability well out of their proportion in the mixture. This may potentially influence fire dynamics in mixed forests.

Comprehensive analysis of links between diabetes and pancreatic cancer: A bioinformatical approach

Cupressus sempervirens L. is largely used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial agent. The present study investigated the antioxidant, antibacterial and antileishmanial activities of C. sempervirens organic extracts at different phenological stages. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) scavenging assay, ferric reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against five clinical strains by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antileishmanial activity was determined against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) infantum and L. major. Results of antioxidant activity showed that methanolic extract from vegetative stage had the most important activity. The ethyl acetate extract of C. sempervirens from flowering stage was the most active against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with MIC of 100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, this extract exhibited high antileishmanial activity against promastigote form of L. infantum and L. major (IC50 = 1.47 and 2.8 μg/mL, respectively) and amastigote form (IC50 = 3.61 and 5.42 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, ethyl acetate extract showed low cytotoxicity on macrophage cells Raw264.7 with selectivity index of 34.15 and 17.93 for L. infantum and L. major, respectively. The identification by HPLC and HPLC-MSn of active extracts of C. sempervirens revealed that major compounds of methanolic extract from vegetative stage and ethyl acetate extract from flowering stage were cupressuflavone and amentoflavone. Based on these results, C. sempervirens extracts could be used as an alternative to chemical drugs for the treatment of oxidative stress and infectious diseases.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CONSOLIDATION TREATMENTS IN HEARTWOOD AND SAPWOOD OF A DECAYED GYMNOSPERM WOOD

The aim of this research is to study and compare the different effects of some natural andsynthetic polymers dissolved in different solvents on sapwood and heartwood samples takenfrom an archaeological decayed Cupressus sempervirens, a gymnosperm wood that hadbeen often imported into Egypt throughout history. Five commonly used adhesives werechosen for this purpose: Paraloid B 72 dissolved in acetone (3% w/v), Methyl cellulosedissolved in water (1.5% w/v), Funori dissolved in ethyl alcohol 70% (3% w/v), Gum Arabicdissolved in water (3% w/v) and Poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) diluted in water (50% v/v).Untreated sapwood and heartwood samples and treated sapwood samples were examinedusing scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). For monitoring the chemical changes andmodifications, which occurred in the wood due to the chemical effects of the consolidants,untreated and treated sapwood and heartwood samples were analyzed with an FTIRspectrometer.

Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations on Sitophilus zeamais

Maize is cultivated worldwide and used as food and for fuel production. It is usually attacked and destroyed during storage by Sitophilus zeamais. With inaccessibility to synthetic pesticides, farmers are left with the choice of using locally available plant based pesticides. For this reason, we tested the insecticidal potentials of essential oils (EOs) of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations against S. zeamais on stored maize. Mortality, progeny inhibition, repellence and damage were tested. Pesticide characteristics of both essential oils were dose-dependent, 200 μL/kg of all the combinations caused at least 80% mortality within 14 days of storage while the 50:50 combination completely inhibited progeny production. Moreover, 8 μL of all the EO were repellent to the weevils. The 50:50 binary combination was the most active in all the tests carried out. Pesticidal interactions between the oils in combination were mostly additive and synergistic. There was also a good control of insect population increase and grain damage after six months of storage. Therefore both EOs can be recommended for the control of S. zeamais.

Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations on Sitophilus zeamais

Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations on Sitophilus zeamais

Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as repellents against housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Budondo Subcounty, Jinja District, Uganda

BackgroundThe housefly, Musca domestica L., is a major public health and domestic pest that spoils food and causes irritation and is a vector of many infectious disease pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Currently, its control relies largely on chemical pesticides. However, the adverse health and environmental effects of pesticides, risk of development of insect resistance, and bioaccumulation through the food chain emphasize the need to search for environmentally friendly alternatives. This study aimed at documenting traditional knowledge about plants used as repellents against the houseflies by the people of Budondo Subcounty, Uganda.MethodsAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted between November 2016 and June 2017. A total of 372 household members were interviewed on knowledge and use of traditional insect repellents, through face-to-face interviews guided by semi-structured questionnaires administered in nine villages in Budondo Subcounty.ResultsOverall, only 24.5% of the respondents had ample knowledge about insect repellent plants. A chi-square analysis shows a significant association between respondents’ knowledge of insect repellent plants and age, educational status, occupation, religion, and marital status although not with gender. Overall, eight plants from seven families and eight genera were mentioned as repellents. The growth forms encountered were tree, shrub, and herb. Plants that were commonly mentioned by respondents were Cupressus sempervirens L. (16.9%), followed by Lantana camara L.(16.1%), Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (11.0%), Carica papaya L. (8.6%), Cymbopogon citratus (de Candolle) Stapf (4.3%), Mentha × piperita L. (2.4%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (2.2%), and Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gürke (0.8%) in descending order. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (76.9%), followed by the stem/bark (19.8%), flowers (2.2%), and root (1.1%). Burning of the plant materials in order to generate smoke was the most popular method of application.ConclusionsThis study has shown that there are many locally available plants in use by the people of Budondo Subcounty with potency for repelling houseflies. Further studies are needed to identify bioactive compounds responsible for the repellent activity in the different species which could be promoted as sustainable housefly control tools in these remotely located communities of Budondo. Furthermore, studies on the efficacy of these repellent plants or plant parts and their potential toxicological properties should be considered a priority.

Resistance to Cypress Canker Disease in Italian cypress has desirable effects on disease epidemiology, but may fail against novel genotypes of the pathogen Seiridium cardinale

Prevention is hailed as the only successful and cost-effective approach to control the introduction of exotic forest pathogens, and several international policies are in place to avoid such introductions. However, once a pathogen has been introduced and is widely spread in a novel range, regulations are relaxed. Concerns have been voiced about the detrimental consequences of the introduction of multiple genotypes of a pathogen, but evidence about such consequences has rarely been documented. Cypress Canker Disease (CCD) is a pandemic lethal disease of plants in the family Cupressaceae caused by the fungal pathogen Seiridium cardinale (W.W. Wagener) B. Sutton & I.A.S. Gibson (Sc). Sc is native to California, where populations are genetically diversified, while widely spread CCD outbreaks in the Mediterranean basin have been caused by the introduction of a single genotype. Resistant plant clones have been selected in Italy based on long-term field tests using a representative Mediterranean Sc genotype. Here we use a 90-day greenhouse trial on 419 21-month old grafts to test the response of four putatively resistant and three putatively susceptible clones of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) against one Mediterranean and five Californian fungal genotypes. By measuring mortality, size of the lesion caused by the fungus on the stem, and fungal sporulation, we ask the following questions: (1) Does the fast greenhouse assay confirm results of the extended field trials; (2) Is resistance confirmed for all putatively resistant clones when using a broad representation of the pathogen; and, (3) Does resistance have the potential to reduce transmission rates of the pathogen, thus potentially slowing down the CCD epidemic? Results indicated that: (1) Lesion size, but not seedlings’ survival, can be used as metric to measure resistance in small grafted ramets; (2) One of four putatively resistant plant clones was considered susceptible at the end of the trial; and, (3) Sporulation was significantly lower in resistant than in susceptible plant clones. Based on these results, we conclude that resistance may be a viable disease control approach in this pathosystem due to the effect it has on both plant survival and fungal sporulation. However, we also conclude that resistance can be considered robust and effective against the pathogen species in its entirety, only if tested using several fungal genotypes. This study is one of the first to show that multiple introductions of a pathogen could break down host resistance and have a measurable detrimental effect on native ecosystems, suggesting that international policies should be revised accordingly.

Hormones Affected Cutting Propagation of Cupressus sempervirens 'Stricta'

Cupressus semperviens ‘Stricta’ is a member of Cupress family, also called Italian cypress or Mediterranean cypress, native to the eastern Mediterranean region. It has been widely cultivated as an ornamental tree all over the world because of its evergreen, drought resistant, heat tolerant, pH adaptable, salt tolerant and narrow-straight-tall habit. To meet the increasing market demands, we carried out the stem cutting propagation in January and treated with different types and various concentration hormones: liquid KIBA 1000, 3000, 8000 mg/L and powder Hormodin #1, #2, #3. Hormone has a significant effect on rooting percentage. The highest rooting percentage, 56.25%, was obtained under the treatment of KIBA 3000 mg/L, 28.13% and 30.25% for KIBA 1000 mg/L and 8000 mg/L, respectively. Cuttings treated with Hormodin had rooting percentage from 25%, 37.5%, 53.125% under Hormodin #1, #2, #3 respectively. Hormodin #3 yielded 23.75, which was the highest mean number of roots in all treatments. The total length of roots under treatment KIBA 3000 mg/L, Hormodin #2 and Hormodin #3 was 101.20, 103.46 and 109.29 cm respectively, which had significant different to other treatments. Both KIBA and Hormodin could increase the rooting percentage and the recommended should be KIBA 3000 mg/L and Hormodin #3.

Hydrogeomorphic activity in ungauged Mediterranean gorges: Specifics of tree ring data-based study

Hydrogeomorphic processes (HP) are dangerous natural hazards, particularly in areas with increasing settlement. The Mediterranean region is a highly endangered area, particularly due to its high sensitivity to environmental changes. Chronological information about past events occurrence is crucial for modelling its development in the future. This study aims at building the chronology of past HP in two ungauged gorges along the southern coast of Crete using dendrogeomorphic methods. In total, 188 wounded trees revealed information about 13 events in nine various years over the past 80 years. Dendrogeomorphic records were obtained from Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) – a tree species that has never before been used for palaeoflood analysis. Limitations of this species are presented and discussed. Moreover, the analysis of the growth responses of Italian cypress to HP events at the anatomical level resulted in important findings regarding its possible use for dating in the future. The reconstructed chronology of events expresses the number of HP events over past decades. The spatiotemporal patterns of affected trees suggest various characters of the process during individual events. Moreover, the type/character of the process is most likely changed even in the longitudinal profile of the gorges during the same event.

A vulnerable thelephoroid fungus, Lenzitopsis oxycedri, on Cupressus sempervirens in Algeria

Lenzitopsis oxycedri, a white rot basidiomycete, is reported in Algeria for the first time, collected in the protected reserve of Zeralda, near Algiers, on living Cupressus sempervirens, a previously unrecorded host. More than 50 years after the original description of the species (from a Moroccan specimen), this is the second report from North Africa.

Microbial/biochemical indicators showing perceptible deterioration in the topsoil due to deforestation

Microbial parameters have been used to monitor changes in the topsoil under different land covers. Soils from five land cover systems common in northern Iran, including virgin natural forest, Alnus subcordata C.A.M. plantation, Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey plantation, Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis plantation and degraded natural forest were used to assess the effects of land cover changes on soil. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) deforestation would markedly influence topsoil C, N and P microbial ratios which make it distinct from the natural forest and plantations in the long-term, (ii) virgin natural forest and the establishment of plantations promote soil enzyme activities and the fractions of particulate organic matter (POC and PON) and dissolved organic matter (DOC and DON), 30 years after planting. Sixteen samples per land cover were taken from top 15 cm soil and characterized with respect to pH, organic C, total N, N mineralization, NH4+, NO3−, available P, fine root biomass, enzymes activities (urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, arylsulfatase and invertase), basal respiration (BR), substrate inducted respiration (SIR), microbial biomass-C, -N and -P (MBC, MBN and MBP), POC, PON, DOC and DON. There were no significant differences in BR/MBC, MBC/Corg, BR/SIR and MBC/MBN microbial indices among the plantations, virgin and degraded natural forests. The values of soil MBC/MBP were increased, more than one and half-fold, following deforestation (12.82) compared to virgin natural forest (8.53) site. The natural forest and establishment of plantations reduced the ratio of MBN/MBP, while the greater amount (1.14) was observed under degraded natural forest. With replacement in the type of tree species from Carpinus betulus and Parrotia persica in the natural forest to Quercus castaneifolia plantation, almost 30 years after planting, POC/PON increased significantly in the topsoil (13.29), about two-three fold, compared to virgin (7.13) and deforested (3.96) natural forests. The soil DOC/DON ratio varied significantly and it increased by about one and half-fold, following the growth of Quercus castaneifolia (2.87) and Cupressus sempervirens (2.68) trees compared to the other ecosystems. Based on PCA, virgin natural forest and Alnus subcordata plantation presented a good condition of soil fertility, more microbial and enzyme activities with a low ratio of microbial indicators. In general, microbial/biochemical indicators showed perceptible deterioration in the topsoil due to deforestation. As a conclusion, soil enzyme activity, MBC/MBP, MBN/MBP, POC/PON and DOC/DON are robust and sensitive indicators that can be used to measure long-term variations in the topsoil due to changed land cover.

Distribution and variability of n-alkanes in waxes of conifers

Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves. Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J. sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa, Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended.

VARATION OF RINGS WIDTH AND LTS EFFECT ON WOOD SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF Pinus brutia TEN. AND Cupressus sempervirens VAR. Pyramidalis TOZZ. TREES GROWN IN NINAVAH PLANTATION

Four trees growing in Ninavah plantation were chosen, two of them are Pinus brutiaTen.and the others are Cupressus sempervirens var. pyramidalis Tozz.. The trees were filled, from each tree six sample discs of (25 mm) thick were taken, three of them directly above (1.3m) and the others below, then each disc were radially sawn in the four directions of the radius, the test specimens were cut from these with the dimensions of (25 × 25 × 25 mm) used for measuring annual ring width and wood specific gravity. A significant difference in ring width and wood specific gravity was observed along the radial axis from pith to bark, the value of ring width decreases while wood specific gravity increase, and significant negative relationships had been found between ring width and wood specific gravity in both pine and cypress. There were significant difference between the trees. The mean value of ring width was (3.951mm) for pine while it was (3.141mm) for cypress, and the mean wood specific gravity of pine was (0.556) while it was (0.505) for cypress.

Differences in structure, allergenic protein content and pectate lyase enzyme activity of some Cupressaceae pollen

Abstract Objective Cupressaceae pollen has commonly been reported to be an important aeroallergen and causal factor of spring, autumn and winter pollinosis in many countries. The aim of this study was to compare of the structure and allergenic protein content of Cupressus arizonica Greene., Cupressus sempervirens L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L. pollen in detail and contribute to Cupressaceae pollen allergen diagnosis and therapy studies in Turkey. Methods The pollen structure were examined by LM and SEM. Pollen protein content was investigated by Bradford protein assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot analysis and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE PAGE), respectively. Pectate lyase (PL) enzyme activities were compared. Immunoblotting was carried out by using extracts of the three taxa pollen collected from Turkey. Results All three taxa was found very similar in terms of pollen morphology however, intine thickness was prominently different. Cupressus arizonica pollen extracts showed the lowest PL activity. Five sera specific IgE of all allergic subjects showed reaction with only C. arizonica pollen extracts. Conclusions As a conclusion, the pollen structure, protein function or protein structure and isoforms of allergens could affects allergenic properties of the pollen. This study also may help to improve the Cupressaceae pollen allergen diagnosis and therapy.

Strategies for Fast Multiplication and Conservation of Forest Trees by Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation: a Case Study with Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)

Common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) is one of the most widespread species in the Mediterranean area. It has been traditionally cultivated for its ornamental value, becoming a typical feature of urban and rural landscapes, and high timber quality. In the last 30 years, cypress has been subjected to important breeding programmes, aimed to select clones tolerant to the widespread canker, caused by the pathogenic fungus Seiridium cardinale, leading to various patented varieties today available on the market, as well as for genotypes producing null or low amount of allergenic pollen. Somatic embryogenesis is a suitable in vitro regeneration method for fast cloning of conifer trees, and the cryopreservation of embryogenic callus is a significant tool for the safe long-term conservation of valuable cell lines. Recently, a complete protocol for the production of cypress plants from somatic embryogenesis was developed for the patented clone ‘Mediterraneo’. Here, the coupling of somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation may offer a superior tool to propagate and maintain selected genotypes of cypress by overcoming repetitive subculturing of selected embryogenic callus lines. For the above, this study aimed to compare different cryopreservation techniques (PVS2-based vitrification and slow cooling) with the ‘Mediterraneo’ embryogenic callus line. Best results were obtained after the optimization of a slow cooling procedure, based on the 30-min treatment of embryogenic masses with a cryoprotective solution containing 180 g l-1 sucrose and 7.5% DMSO, followed by the reduction of the temperature at a rate of -1 °C min-1 up to -40 °C and the subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen (“two-step freezing”).

Old Persian cypress accessions, a rich and unique genetic resource for common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in the world

Old Persian cypress accessions, a rich and unique genetic resource for common cypress (<i>Cupressus sempervirens</i> L.) in the world

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Algerian Cupressus sempervirens var Against Some Human Pathogens Bacteria

Cupressus sempervirens var. is a plant rich in bioactive compounds and it has been a typical used in folk medicine for thousands of years. In Algeria, Cupressus sempervirens is widely used as traditional remedies for treatment of different complicate infectious diseases this study was conducted to evaluate antibacterial properties of ethyl acetate extracts of Cupressus sempervirens against gram negative and gram positive. The plant was collected from Chlef, in Tenes is a region of Algeria Mediterranean, then, the plant extract was prepared by maceration .The antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated against 6 clinical and reference strains based on two assays: the well diffusion method and the agar dilution method. Cuperssus sempervirence acted as the agent antibacterial by having the highest (MIC/MBC 0.25v/v) against B.subtilis ATCC 6133, E.coli followed by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci, Microccocus lutea (MIC/MBC 0.5v/v). Results of the phytochemical studies of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence low amount of total phenolic according to the spectrophotometric method. Cupressus sempervirens has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and can be consider as a potential source of new classes of antibiotics that could be useful for infectious disease chemotherapy and control.

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. Grown in Al-Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya against Botrytis cinerea

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. Grown in Al-Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya against Botrytis cinerea