Portion Of Cup Research Articles

Serving Vegetables First: A Strategy to Increase Vegetable Consumption in Elementary School Cafeterias

The objective of this study was to determine if offering vegetables before other meal components would increase the overall consumption of vegetables at school lunch. We served kindergarten through fifth grade students a ¼ cup portion of a raw vegetable while they waited in line to receive the rest of their lunch meal. They then had the options to take more of the vegetable they were just served, a different vegetable, or no vegetable from the lunch line. Vegetables were cut to have the same dimensions, and the same number of pieces was placed in all cups. We measured the amount of each vegetable consumed by each child. Broccoli and sweet bell peppers were tested separately. Serving vegetables first increased the number of students eating vegetables from 41 of 544 students on broccoli control days to 209 of 515 students on broccoli first days and from 34 of 533 students on pepper control days to 149 of 528 students on peppers first days. The mean weight of vegetables consumed per student eating school lunch also increased from control to intervention days in tests for both broccoli (1.9 to 3.1 grams) and peppers (4.2 to 5.4 grams). On intervention days, 70% of the broccoli consumed and 75% of the peppers consumed came from the vegetables first portions. Serving vegetables first is a viable strategy to increase vegetable consumption in elementary schools. Long-term implementation of this strategy may have a large impact on healthy eating habits, vegetable consumption, and the health consequences of vegetable intake.

미세 용접된 BLU CCFL 전극의 유리비딩 열처리 온도에 따른 접합부 특성

Characterization of the microweld CCFL electrode for the TFT-LCD backlight unit was carried out in terms of the glass beading heat treatment conditions. We evaluate the weld zone and parent metal of the microweld CCFL electrodes that were exposed to simulated glass beading heat treatment. The CCFL electrode was composed of the cup made with pure Ni, the pin made with pure Mo and the lead wire made with Ni-Mn alloy. Each part of the electrode was assembled together by micro spot welding process and then the assembled electrodes were exposed to simulated glass beading temperatures of <TEX>$700^{\circ}C,\;750^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$800^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The microstructures of the microweld CCFL electrode were observed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and EDS. Micro-tensile and microhardness test were also carried out. The results indicated that the grain coarsening in the HAZs(heat affected zones) for both the cup-pin weld and pin-lead wire were exhibited and the grain coarsening of the HAZ for the cup and the lead wire was more obvious than the HAZ of the pin. The micro-tensile test revealed that the fracture occurred at the cup-pin weld zone for all test conditions. The fracture surface could be classified into two parts such as pin portion and cup portion including weld nugget. The failure was seemed to be initiated from the boundary between nugget and pin through the weld joint. The result of the microhardness measurement exhibited that the relatively low hardness value, about 105HV was recorded at the HAZ of the cup. This value was about 50% less than that of the original value of the cup. The reduction of the microhardness was considered as the cause of the grain coarsening due to welding process. It was also appeared that there was no change in electric resistance for the standard electrodes and heat treated electrodes.

Electronic pad with vibration isolation features

The present invention is intended to provide an electronic cymbal having improved accuracy for detecting a striking force and a striking position without hampering a striking sensation and an appearance. A piezoelectric sensor 5 and a cup portion sheet sensor 8 provided on a portion of a cup portion formed into a dome shape at a center of a cover 2 on a first frame 3 having the cover 2 formed out of a soft material, the cover 2 spreading to contact with an upper surface of the first frame 3 , and an edge upper portion sheet sensor 7 and an edge lower portion sheet sensor 6 provided on an outer peripheral edge portion 3 b formed to be lowered by a step are provided, and a center of a second frame 4 is supported by a cymbal stand (shaft) 10 penetrating an opening portion at a center of the first frame 3.

Simultaneous In Vitro Release of Levodopa and Carbidopa from Biocompatible Core-in-Cup Implants

Most implantable drug delivery systems do not release drug at a zero-order rate of release due to their geometry of a decreasing releasing surface. Microcapsules which can release drug at a zero-order rate are very difficult to produce and are prone to dose dumping. The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro release of levodopa and carbidopa from a new core-in-cup bioerodible implantable tablet. Core-in-cup implantable tablets with cups of Resomer® 207, and cores of Resomer RG 746 and Resomer RG 858 were tested. The core-in-cup implantable tablets were tested as to whether they released levodopa or carbidopa at a zeroorder rate. Their rate and extent of erosion in normal saline were also examined. The results indicate that levodopa and carbidopa were released at a zero-order rate in vitro for up to 100 days depending on the inherent viscosity of the polymer used in the core of the implant. It was also found that the rate and extent of erosion of the cup portion of the core-in-cup implantable tablet did not adversely affect the zero-order release of the drugs.

The Effect of Processing Variables on the Release of Ibuprofen and Caffeine from Controlled-Release Nonswellable Core-in-Cup Compressed Tablets

An aqueous soluble polymer such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which is widely used in oral sustained-release drug delivery systems, swells when it comes into contact with an aqueous environment. In core-in-cup systems the swelling of the HPMC splits open the cup portion of the tablet. This study investigated the use of acacia, tragacanth, polyethylene glycol 6ooo (PEG 6ooo), and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as possible alternatives to the use of HPMC to control the release of cageine (soluble) and ibuprofen (insoluble) from core-in-cup compressed tablets. It also investigated the possibility of producing a core-in-cup system that had the ability to release caffeine and ibuprofen for a maximum time of constant release of 8-12 hr. A preliminary study revealed that acacia was most eflective for the release of caffeiinefrom the core-in-cup compressed tablets, and that PEG 6cux) was most effective for the release of ibuprofen from the core-in-cup compressed tablets. On further investigation it was found that by means of adjusting the hardness of compression and the concentration of polymers used, it was possible to formulate a core-in-cup system that could release drug at a constant rate from the core-in-cup compressed tablets for 8 to 12 hr.

Toughness and fractography of austenitic type 304 stainless steel with sensitization treatments at 973 K

It is shown that the fracture toughness in type 304 austenitic stainless steel can be obtained from convenient measurements of the dimple size at the bottom of the cup portion in the fracture surface of round tension samples, employing SEM techniques and quantitative fractography. K IC measurements were performed for sensitized samples after heating for 1, 12, 24, and 48 h at 973 K. Fracture toughness is shown to decrease monotonically with increasing time of heat treatment. Two models based on axial stress conditions, Krafft's model and a model proposed by Schwalbe and Backfisch, were tested and compared with Barsom and Pellegrino's model, which reflects closely the necessary plane strain conditions for K IC measurements. The crack growth increment was considered equal to the dimple size, which was measured by means of the mean intercept length of three dimensional bodies or mean chord in space, L 3.