Objective The objective of this prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of urocalun in the management of patients with kidney ureteral calculi compared with lithagogue powder. Methods A total of 224 patients with kidney ureteral calculi less than 1 cm in diameter in seven research center from November 2013 to May 2014 were included in the study and randomly divided into 2 groups by random number table. The experiment group of 112 patients oral Quercus salicina extract capsules, 2 pills every time, three times a day, and the control group of 112 patients oral lithagogue powder, 1 bag every time, three times a day. All of patients were accepted 4 weeks treatment. There were no significant difference in ages, gender, duration and calculi diameter in two groups(P>0.05). Renal and ureteral calculi in two groups were 23, 88 patients and 26, 84 patients, separately (P>0.05). Low back pain or/and painful urination, urinary frequency, urgency symptom scores in experiment and control groups were 3.0±0.7, 7.6±1.7, 0.8±0.6 and 3.0±0.8, 7.9±1.4, 0.7±0.6, respectively (P>0.05). Low back pain or/and painful urination, urinary frequency, urgency symptom scores, stone discharge rate, stone down rate, stone expelling failure rate, stone discharge time, cumulative stone discharge rate per week, incidence of adverse effects and low back pain remission were evaluated after 4 weeks drug treatment. Results Low back pain or/and painful urination, urinary frequency, urgency symptom scores have significantly improved in the experiment and control groups after 4 weeks drug treatment were 1.4±0.6, 6.3±1.0, 0.2±0.4 (P 0.05). Conclusions Quercus salicina extract capsules are safe and effective in the treatment of patients with the diameter of 1 cm below in kidney ureteral calculi. Compared with lithagogue powder, Quercus salicina extract capsules have higher cure rate and can obviously relieve back pain symptoms, shorten the calculi discharge time. Key words: Quercus salicina extract capsules; Lithagogue powder; Calculus; Randomized controlled trial